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Kosovo vs Liechtenstein

On research quality in 2022-now, Liechtenstein ranks #127 in the world and Kosovo #128, of 189 countries. Kosovo stands higher in 6 of the 6 fields both publish in, Liechtenstein in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.55similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Kosovo

World rank, 2022-now
#128
#161 all time
Works, 2022-now
3.6k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
74%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Cultural Studies, Economics and Econometrics.

Liechtenstein

World rank, 2022-now
#127
#105 all time
Works, 2022-now
572
fractional
Top-10% rate
9.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
31%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Architecture, Ceramics and Composites, Finance.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Liechtenstein leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. Kosovo leads on 2 of 9 measures: output and open access. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Kosovo 21 level6 Liechtenstein
  1. #128Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#127
  2. 0.58×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.90×
  3. 3.6kOutputfractional works, 2022-now572
  4. 8.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited9.2%
  5. 4.8Citations per workall time, per fractional work19.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 74%Open accessof its works free to read, all time31%
  8. 28%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time42%
  9. +22%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+34%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Kosovo stands higher in 6 of 6 fields, Liechtenstein in 0. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Kosovo 60 Liechtenstein
  1. #93Business, Management and Accounting-
  2. #98Computer Science-
  3. #68Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  4. #109Engineering-
  5. #138Medicine-
  6. #94Social Sciences-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Kosovo rankLiechtenstein rank Kosovo top 10%Liechtenstein top 10% Kosovo worksLiechtenstein works
Business, Management and Accounting #93 - 8.2% - 249 -
Computer Science #98 - 7.3% - 241 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #68 - 12.1% - 318 -
Engineering #109 - 6.4% - 256 -
Medicine #138 - 3.3% - 511 -
Social Sciences #94 - 9.6% - 801 -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Kosovo

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development204▲ 3.2×72 topics
  2. Economic Growth175▲ 5.3×30 topics
  3. Globalization168▲ 2.1×91 topics
  4. Epidemiology159◆ 0.98×115 topics
  5. Identity123▲ 4.2×31 topics
  6. Sustainability122▲ 1.23×81 topics
  7. Ethnicity122▲ 8.0×12 topics
  8. Nationalism120▲ 6.6×14 topics
  9. Education111▲ 1.59×63 topics
  10. Conflict107▲ 16×8 topics
  11. Religion106▲ 5.6×17 topics
  12. Balkans105▲ 112×2 topics
  13. Regional Development104▲ 7.5×12 topics
  14. Human Rights102▲ 2.5×63 topics
  15. Financial Performance99▲ 4.3×14 topics
  16. Mental Health98▲ 1.68×38 topics
  17. Memory94▲ 9.5×10 topics
  18. Eastern Europe92▲ 43×2 topics
  19. Innovation92▲ 2.2×49 topics
  20. Post-war91▲ 192×1 topic
  21. Yugoslavia91▲ 192×1 topic
  22. Renewable Energy91▲ 1.55×42 topics
  23. Organizational Culture88▲ 5.7×10 topics
  24. Economic Development77▲ 2.4×32 topics
  25. Small and Medium Enterprises71▲ 9.9×8 topics
  26. Innovation Management70▲ 11×5 topics
  27. Agricultural Sustainability68▲ 15×5 topics
  28. Leadership Emergence67▲ 120×1 topic
  29. Rural Tourism67▲ 53×1 topic
  30. Global Governance57▲ 5.8×20 topics
  31. Labor Market55▲ 4.8×13 topics
  32. International Relations55▲ 5.5×23 topics
  33. Governance54▲ 4.1×12 topics
  34. Fiscal Policy52▲ 6.2×9 topics
  35. Nation-Building48▲ 22×4 topics
  36. Geopolitics41▲ 6.7×8 topics
  37. Sovereignty41▲ 11×9 topics
  38. International Trade40▲ 7.1×8 topics
  39. Foreign Policy40▲ 26×3 topics
  40. Institutional Quality39▲ 9.1×3 topics

Liechtenstein

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Cardiovascular Disease32▲ 4.4×26 topics
  2. Machine Learning30▲ 1.40×37 topics
  3. Sustainability30▲ 1.91×35 topics
  4. Inflammation23▲ 1.71×47 topics
  5. Sustainable Development22▲ 2.2×23 topics
  6. Artificial Intelligence21▲ 2.3×27 topics
  7. Big Data20▲ 3.4×12 topics
  8. Atherosclerosis19▲ 10×10 topics
  9. Obesity19▲ 3.8×9 topics
  10. Supply Chain Management17▲ 3.0×13 topics
  11. Clinical Trials17▲ 4.0×7 topics
  12. Human Rights16▲ 2.4×21 topics
  13. Innovation16▲ 2.4×23 topics
  14. Statins16▲ 34×2 topics
  15. Risk Management15▲ 5.0×12 topics
  16. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention15▲ 26×3 topics
  17. Metabolic Syndrome14▲ 2.8×15 topics
  18. Corporate Governance14▲ 3.1×18 topics
  19. Social Capital14▲ 4.2×11 topics
  20. C-Reactive Protein13▲ 27×2 topics
  21. Genetic Variants13▲ 11×3 topics
  22. Cholesterol-lowering12▲ 42×1 topic
  23. LDL Cholesterol12▲ 57×1 topic
  24. Coronary Artery Disease12▲ 16×3 topics
  25. Digital Transformation12▲ 3.5×8 topics
  26. Insulin Resistance11▲ 4.0×7 topics
  27. Urban Development11▲ 4.9×6 topics
  28. Innovation Policy11▲ 18×5 topics
  29. Social Innovation11▲ 11×4 topics
  30. Empowerment10▲ 15×2 topics
  31. Monetary Policy10▲ 6.3×10 topics
  32. Interdisciplinary Research9▲ 16×2 topics
  33. Vascular Function9▲ 14×3 topics
  34. Endothelial Function9▲ 16×2 topics
  35. Digital Social Innovation9▲ 112×1 topic
  36. Epicardial Fat9▲ 32×1 topic
  37. Knowledge Engineering9▲ 112×1 topic
  38. Perivascular Adipose Tissue9▲ 32×1 topic
  39. Cholesterol9▲ 9.7×4 topics
  40. Construction9▲ 10×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Kosovo has out-published Liechtenstein every year since 2006, when it overtook it.

still counting5001k1.5kKosovo1,052 in 2025Liechtenstein165 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Kosovo0.018% in 2025Liechtenstein0.0028% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%30%Kosovo8.0% in 2025Liechtenstein7.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Kosovo 05 level0 Liechtenstein
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Kosovo or Liechtenstein?

Kosovo publishes 6.2× as much research as Liechtenstein in 2022-now (3.6k against 572 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Kosovo or Liechtenstein?

9.2% of Liechtenstein's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.1% for Kosovo.

Is Kosovo or Liechtenstein growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +34% against 2018-21 for Liechtenstein, and +22% for Kosovo.

Which has more open access research, Kosovo or Liechtenstein?

74% of Kosovo's research is free to read, against 31% of Liechtenstein's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Kosovo or Liechtenstein?

Kosovo holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Liechtenstein 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Kosovo

  1. 1University of Prishtina8.3% top 10% · 1.9k works
  2. 2University for Business and Technology9.9% top 10% · 507 works
  3. 3AAB College7.7% top 10% · 332 works
  4. 4University Clinical Center of Kosovo6.7% top 10% · 575 works
  5. 5Rochester Institute of Technology Kosovo6.7% top 10% · 152 works
  6. 6Kosovo Telecom (Kosovo)5.8% top 10% · 88 works

Liechtenstein

  1. 1University of Liechtenstein14.1% top 10% · 207 works
  2. 2Hilti (Liechtenstein)7.5% top 10% · 128 works
  3. 3Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein3.8% top 10% · 154 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Kosovo

  1. 1 Lul Raka #152,106 worldwide 8.6k citations · 100 works
  2. 2 Gani Bajraktari #349,991 worldwide 53k citations · 239 works
  3. 3 Shpend Elezi #506,177 worldwide 33k citations · 107 works
  4. 4 Hyrije Koraqi #549,076 worldwide 962 citations · 56 works
  5. 5 Arianit Jakupi #576,652 worldwide 1.2k citations · 27 works

Liechtenstein

  1. 1 Siegward D. Heintze #83,267 worldwide 7.5k citations · 83 works
  2. 2 Jan vom Brocke #87,905 worldwide 18k citations · 470 works
  3. 3 Matthias Filser #104,999 worldwide 3.4k citations · 52 works
  4. 4 Giovanni Apruzzese #220,379 worldwide 1.7k citations · 80 works
  5. 5 Wolfram Höland #343,000 worldwide 5.6k citations · 116 works