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Marine Toxins and Detection Methods

Marine Toxins and Detection Methods is a research topic within Environmental Chemistry. Science Explorer counts 12k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the study of harmful algal blooms, particularly the production and effects of marine toxins produced by dinoflagellates. It covers a wide range of topics including shellfish poisoning, neurotoxins such as saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin, ciguatera, domoic acid toxicity, and the public health implications of these marine toxins.

  • Harmful Algal Blooms
  • Marine Toxins
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Shellfish Poisoning
  • Neurotoxins
  • Ciguatera
  • Saxitoxin
  • Domoic Acid
  • Tetrodotoxin
  • Public Health
Research works
12k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+8%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
33% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Marine Toxins and Detection Methods

Which countries lead Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (350 and 225 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 350 works
  2. 2 United States 225 works
  3. 3 Japan 99 works
  4. 4 Spain 84 works
  5. 5 France 73 works
  6. 6 India 56 works
  7. 7 South Korea 54 works
  8. 8 Mexico 49 works
  9. 9 Germany 45 works
  10. 10 Italy 43 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 32.5%United States: 20.9%Japan: 9.2%Spain: 7.8%6 others listed: 29.6%33%largest
China350 · 32.5%United States225 · 20.9%Japan99 · 9.2%Spain84 · 7.8%6 others listed319 · 29.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Russian Academy of Sciences.

Who are the leading researchers in Marine Toxins and Detection Methods?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Marine Toxins and Detection Methods include Hua Zhang and Carlos Manuel Duarte.

  1. 1 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations
  2. 2 Carlos Manuel Duarte Saudi Arabia 152k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Marine Toxins and Detection Methods?

The most cited paper in Marine Toxins and Detection Methods is "The Ecological Role of Water-Column Microbes in the Sea" (F Azam, Tom Fenchel, JG Field et al., 1983), with 5,476 citations. Next come "Nitric oxide directly activates calcium-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle" (1,705) and "Inhibitory effect of a marine-sponge toxin, okadaic acid, on protein phosphatases. Specificity and kinetics" (1,699).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Ecological Role of Water-Column Microbes in the Sea F Azam, Tom Fenchel, JG Field et al. · Marine Ecology Progress Series Open access 1983 5,476
2 Nitric oxide directly activates calcium-dependent potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle Victoria M. Bolotina, Soheil Najibi, James J. Palacino et al. · Nature Apr 1994 1,705
3 Inhibitory effect of a marine-sponge toxin, okadaic acid, on protein phosphatases. Specificity and kinetics Corinna Bialojan, Akira Takai · Biochemical Journal Open access 15 Nov 1988 1,699
4 Cyanobacterial microcystin‐LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants Carol MacKintosh, Kenneth A. Beattie, Susanne Klumpp et al. · FEBS Letters Open access 21 May 1990 1,665
5 Okadaic acid: a new probe for the study of cellular regulation Philip Cohen, Charles F.B. Holmes, Yasumasa Tsukitani · Trends in Biochemical Sciences Review Mar 1990 1,397
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research done?

The largest centres of Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Qingdao (China), Mexico City (Mexico) and Tokyo (Japan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Qingdao.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 55 works
  2. 2 QingdaoChina 39 works
  3. 3 Mexico CityMexico 23 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 23 works
  5. 5 GuangzhouChina 22 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 21 works
  7. 7 ShanghaiChina 20 works
  8. 8 NanjingChina 17 works
  9. 9 XiamenChina 16 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 15 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. QingdaoCN · 39.4 works7.7×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Marine Toxins and Detection Methods than the world average.

See Marine Toxins and Detection Methods on the map

Where is the best place to study Marine Toxins and Detection Methods?

Among universities, judged by research, Ocean University of China, Xiamen University and Universidade de Vigo score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 11%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Ocean University of …Xiamen UniversityUniversidade de VigoUniversidad Nacional…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Ocean University of ChinaChina 84.817.0%22.3×15 +47.1%
2Xiamen UniversityChina 52.115.8%6.9×8 +107.8%
3Universidade de VigoSpain 41.29.9%24.2×8 -18.5%
4Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico 29.61.3%7.8×10 +88.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Marine Toxins and Detection Methods, country by country

Is Marine Toxins and Detection Methods research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 8% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Marine Toxins and Detection Methods.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Marine Toxins and Detection Methods as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0056% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Marine Toxins and Detection Methods0.0064% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Marine Toxins and Detection Methods over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Marine Toxins and Detection Methods10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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