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Topic · Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

Scientific Research and Discoveries

Scientific Research and Discoveries is a research topic within Statistical and Nonlinear Physics. Science Explorer counts 28k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics in theoretical and computational physics, including optics, spectroscopy, quantum computing, railway power systems, climate change, solar physics, neutron optics, and astrophysics.

  • Optics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Quantum Computing
  • Railway Power Systems
  • Geophysical Surveys
  • Climate Change
  • Solar Physics
  • Neutron Optics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Astrophysics
Research works
28k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-9%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
34% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Scientific Research and Discoveries

Which countries lead Scientific Research and Discoveries research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (461 and 191 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 461 works
  2. 2 China 191 works
  3. 3 United Kingdom 114 works
  4. 4 Germany 114 works
  5. 5 Russia 105 works
  6. 6 Italy 100 works
  7. 7 France 96 works
  8. 8 India 79 works
  9. 9 Japan 62 works
  10. 10 Spain 52 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 33.5%China: 13.9%United Kingdom: 8.3%Germany: 8.3%6 others listed: 36.0%34%largest
United States461 · 33.5%China191 · 13.9%United Kingdom114 · 8.3%Germany114 · 8.3%6 others listed495 · 36.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Scientific Research and Discoveries research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most Scientific Research and Discoveries research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Chinese Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 46 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 39 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 31 works
  4. 4 California Institute of TechnologyUnited States 18 works
  5. 5 National Institute for AstrophysicsItaly 18 works
  6. 6 Max Planck SocietyGermany 15 works
  7. 7 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 13 works
  8. 8 National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationUnited States 12 works
  9. 9 Bulgarian Academy of SciencesBulgaria 9 works
  10. 10 Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Scientific Research and Discoveries?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Scientific Research and Discoveries include Georg Kresse, Kieron Burke and George M. Whitesides.

  1. 1 Georg Kresse Austria 431k citations
  2. 2 Kieron Burke United States 276k citations
  3. 3 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations
  4. 4 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
  5. 5 P. Jackson France 230k citations
  6. 6 Donald G. Truhlar United States 230k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Scientific Research and Discoveries?

The most cited paper in Scientific Research and Discoveries is "Particle mesh Ewald: An N ⋅log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems" (Tom Darden, Darrin M. York, Lee G. Pedersen, 1993), with 31,396 citations. Next come "Numerical integration of the cartesian equations of motion of a system with constraints: molecular dynamics of n-alkanes" (21,804) and "Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications" (15,456).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Particle mesh Ewald: An N ⋅log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems Tom Darden, Darrin M. York, Lee G. Pedersen · The Journal of Chemical Physics Open access 15 Jun 1993 31,396
2 Numerical integration of the cartesian equations of motion of a system with constraints: molecular dynamics of n-alkanes Jean-Paul Ryckaert, Giovanni Ciccotti, Herman J. C. Berendsen · Journal of Computational Physics Mar 1977 21,804
3 Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications W. Keith Hastings · Biometrika Apr 1970 15,456
4 Refinement of Macromolecular Structures by the Maximum-Likelihood Method Garib N. Murshudov, Alexey A. Vagin, E. J. Dodson · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography May 1997 15,006
5 The Properties of Gases and Liquids Robert Cortas Reid, THOMAS K. SHERWOOD, Robert E. Street · Physics Today Apr 1959 14,172
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Scientific Research and Discoveries research done?

The largest centres of Scientific Research and Discoveries research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Paris (France) and Rome (Italy).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 56 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 54 works
  3. 3 ParisFrance 37 works
  4. 4 RomeItaly 22 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 22 works
  6. 6 LondonUnited Kingdom 21 works
  7. 7 PasadenaUnited States 19 works
  8. 8 ShanghaiChina 18 works
  9. 9 New YorkUnited States 15 works
  10. 10 Saint PetersburgRussia 13 works
See Scientific Research and Discoveries on the map

Where is the best place to study Scientific Research and Discoveries?

Among universities, judged by research, California Institute of Technology and Lomonosov Moscow State University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1California Institute of TechnologyUnited States 84.813.1%29.5×18 -0.6%
2Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 10.72.5%6.5×9 -17.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Scientific Research and Discoveries, country by country

Is Scientific Research and Discoveries research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 9% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2011.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Scientific Research and Discoveries as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0094% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Scientific Research and Discoveries0.0080% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Scientific Research and Discoveries over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Scientific Research and Discoveries10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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