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Montenegro vs Turkmenistan

On research quality in 2022-now, Montenegro ranks #63 in the world and Turkmenistan #149, of 189 countries. Montenegro stands higher in 5 of the 5 fields both publish in, Turkmenistan in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.74very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Montenegro

World rank, 2022-now
#63
#62 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.8k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
56%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, General Energy, Space and Planetary Science.

Turkmenistan

World rank, 2022-now
#149
#190 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.1k
fractional
Top-10% rate
3.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
70%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Aquatic Science, Fuel Technology, Economics and Econometrics.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Montenegro leads on 6 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. Turkmenistan leads on 2 of 9 measures: open access and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Montenegro 61 level2 Turkmenistan
  1. #63Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#149
  2. 0.99×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.66×
  3. 2.8kOutputfractional works, 2022-now1.1k
  4. 8.4%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited3.9%
  5. 8.7Citations per workall time, per fractional work1.3
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 56%Open accessof its works free to read, all time70%
  8. 46%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time21%
  9. +17%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+150%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Montenegro stands higher in 5 of 5 fields, Turkmenistan in 0. Montenegro leads most in Social Sciences (#85 against #109). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Montenegro 50 Turkmenistan
  1. #56Computer Science-
  2. #58Engineering-
  3. #59Environmental Science-
  4. #70Medicine-
  5. #85Social Sciences#109

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Montenegro rankTurkmenistan rank Montenegro top 10%Turkmenistan top 10% Montenegro worksTurkmenistan works
Computer Science #56 - 9.1% - 249 -
Engineering #58 - 7.4% - 465 -
Environmental Science #59 - 9.6% - 201 -
Medicine #70 - 7.3% - 332 -
Social Sciences #85 #109 6.2% 4.7% 303 536

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Montenegro

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change171▲ 1.89×101 topics
  2. Deep Learning158▲ 1.38×79 topics
  3. Machine Learning119◆ 1.07×80 topics
  4. Sustainability106▲ 1.31×95 topics
  5. Sustainable Development87▲ 1.68×61 topics
  6. Renewable Energy80▲ 1.67×47 topics
  7. Neural Networks78▲ 1.53×40 topics
  8. Economic Growth77▲ 2.9×26 topics
  9. Environmental Impact74▲ 1.31×57 topics
  10. Biodiversity66▲ 2.6×31 topics
  11. Remote Sensing59▲ 1.46×36 topics
  12. Identity54▲ 2.2×37 topics
  13. Biogeography51▲ 5.5×20 topics
  14. Religion46▲ 3.0×24 topics
  15. Invasive Species46▲ 3.2×21 topics
  16. Nationalism43▲ 2.9×18 topics
  17. International Relations43▲ 5.3×18 topics
  18. Regional Development39▲ 3.4×14 topics
  19. Ethnicity39▲ 3.1×14 topics
  20. Sovereign Debt Crises38▲ 29×2 topics
  21. Nation-Building38▲ 22×4 topics
  22. International Trade38▲ 8.1×10 topics
  23. Foreign Policy38▲ 30×2 topics
  24. Agricultural Sustainability35▲ 9.2×5 topics
  25. Taxonomy34▲ 7.1×13 topics
  26. Negotiation34▲ 29×2 topics
  27. Phylogeny33▲ 6.0×16 topics
  28. Commercial Diplomacy33▲ 84×1 topic
  29. Ecology33▲ 5.8×9 topics
  30. Economic Diplomacy33▲ 84×1 topic
  31. Innovation Management33▲ 6.4×7 topics
  32. Conflict31▲ 5.8×7 topics
  33. Balkans31▲ 40×2 topics
  34. Small and Medium Enterprises29▲ 4.9×4 topics
  35. Leadership Emergence28▲ 61×1 topic
  36. Rural Tourism28▲ 27×1 topic
  37. Mediterranean27▲ 9.2×6 topics
  38. Eastern Europe27▲ 15×2 topics
  39. Post-war26▲ 68×1 topic
  40. Yugoslavia26▲ 68×1 topic

Turkmenistan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Pedagogy455▲ 53×12 topics
  2. Language Teaching451▲ 98×7 topics
  3. Digital Education446▲ 175×5 topics
  4. Formative Assessment443▲ 308×2 topics
  5. Teaching Methods442▲ 159×2 topics
  6. Educational Technologies442▲ 282×2 topics
  7. Critical Thinking442▲ 221×1 topic
  8. Student Competencies442▲ 393×1 topic
  9. Globalization323▲ 9.6×33 topics
  10. Sustainability298▲ 7.1×41 topics
  11. Entrepreneurship275▲ 40×4 topics
  12. Digital Economy272▲ 79×10 topics
  13. Economic Development266▲ 19×12 topics
  14. Industrial Enterprises260▲ 445×1 topic
  15. Innovation Economics260▲ 445×1 topic
  16. Renewable Energy175▲ 7.0×31 topics
  17. Migration154▲ 26×13 topics
  18. Global Governance147▲ 36×4 topics
  19. Climate Change Impact135▲ 34×2 topics
  20. Energy Consumption135▲ 35×2 topics
  21. Irrigation134▲ 404×1 topic
  22. Water Efficiency134▲ 404×1 topic
  23. Postcolonialism134▲ 54×2 topics
  24. Biopolitics134▲ 101×3 topics
  25. Crisis Management133▲ 152×1 topic
  26. Education Reform133▲ 320×1 topic
  27. Innovation36▲ 2.0×22 topics
  28. Neoliberalism35▲ 5.7×8 topics
  29. Digital Labour Theory29▲ 184×1 topic
  30. Innovative Pedagogies29▲ 184×1 topic
  31. Ethnicity25▲ 3.9×9 topics
  32. Language23▲ 5.3×9 topics
  33. Telemedicine22▲ 9.6×5 topics
  34. Central Asia22▲ 18×4 topics
  35. Digitalization21▲ 5.9×9 topics
  36. Algorithmic Modeling20▲ 152×1 topic
  37. Biomedical Signal Processing20▲ 152×1 topic
  38. Remote Monitoring20▲ 11×2 topics
  39. Language Contact19▲ 12×3 topics
  40. Sharia Law19▲ 7.7×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Montenegro has out-published Turkmenistan every year since 1994, when it overtook it.

still counting5001kMontenegro998 in 2025Turkmenistan506 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%Montenegro0.017% in 2025Turkmenistan0.0086% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Montenegro9.5% in 2025Turkmenistan6.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Montenegro 05 level0 Turkmenistan
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Montenegro or Turkmenistan?

Montenegro publishes 2.5× as much research as Turkmenistan in 2022-now (2.8k against 1.1k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Montenegro or Turkmenistan?

8.4% of Montenegro's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 3.9% for Turkmenistan.

Is Montenegro or Turkmenistan growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +150% against 2018-21 for Turkmenistan, and +17% for Montenegro.

Which has more open access research, Montenegro or Turkmenistan?

70% of Turkmenistan's research is free to read, against 56% of Montenegro's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Montenegro or Turkmenistan?

Montenegro holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Turkmenistan 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Montenegro

  1. 1Ministry of Education14.6% top 10% · 468 works
  2. 2University of Montenegro6.7% top 10% · 1.4k works
  3. 3Mediterranean University7.6% top 10% · 395 works
  4. 4University of Donja Gorica8.1% top 10% · 147 works
  5. 5Ministry of Science11.0% top 10% · 110 works
  6. 6Klinički Centar Crne Gore3.1% top 10% · 67 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Montenegro

  1. 1 Nebojša Bulatović #261,816 worldwide 17k citations · 42 works
  2. 2 T. Ravdandorj #265,252 worldwide 5k citations · 92 works
  3. 3 K. B. Cantun Avila #321,930 worldwide 4.7k citations · 86 works
  4. 4 Aneta Bošković #366,061 worldwide 32k citations · 41 works
  5. 5 B. Tseepeldorj #384,755 worldwide 4k citations · 68 works

Turkmenistan

  1. 1 Bart Lambert #809,629 worldwide 349 citations · 86 works
  2. 2 Luc Vrydaghs #2,868,565 worldwide 3k citations · 174 works
  3. 3 Pieter Bruegel #3,218,609 worldwide 113 citations · 80 works
  4. 4 Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea #3,244,893 worldwide 7 citations · 15 works
  5. 5 Tine Luk Meganck #3,400,089 worldwide 17 citations · 29 works