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Government institution · Geneva · Switzerland

World Trade Organization

In research, World Trade Organization stands highest in Social Sciences (#5,024 of 9,585 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Economics, Econometrics and Finance and Political Science and International Relations (General Economics, Econometrics and Finance is 49.5× its share of world research).

wto.org/englishROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#15,566
of 22,385 · #5,453 all time
Rank in Switzerland
#123
of 186
Research works
1.6k
▼ 65% vs 2018-21
Citations
15k
9.9 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
9.1%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.98×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
35%
world 40%
International
20%
world 18%
World Trade Organization

What is World Trade Organization known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Social SciencesDomain #5,024 of 9,585 8.9%130 #1606

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where World Trade Organization sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does World Trade Organization work in?

In 2022-now, 86% of research at World Trade Organization is in Social Sciences, 8% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (33%), Economics, Econometrics and Finance (30%), Business, Management and Accounting (19%). It does 3.3× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 146 fractional works · 85.7% of its workSocial Sciences: 56 fractional works · 32.8% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 27 fractional works · 15.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 10 fractional works · 6.1% of its workDevelopment: 8 fractional works · 4.9% of its workLaw: 4 fractional works · 2.2% of its workGender Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAnthropology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEducation: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workCultural Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSafety Research: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workUrban Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 51 fractional works · 30.0% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 27 fractional works · 16.0% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 21 fractional works · 12.4% of its workFinance: 3 fractional works · 1.6% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 33 fractional works · 19.2% of its workStrategy and Management: 20 fractional works · 11.6% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 4 fractional works · 2.2% of its workBusiness and International Management: 3 fractional works · 1.8% of its workAccounting: 2 fractional works · 1.4% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 2 fractional works · 1.2% of its workMarketing: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement Information Systems: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workArts and Humanities: 4 fractional works · 2.1% of its workHistory: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workArcheology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPhilosophy: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workDecision Sciences: 2 fractional works · 1.3% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGeneral Decision Sciences: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPsychology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysical Sciences: 14 fractional works · 8.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 6 fractional works · 3.8% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 3 fractional works · 1.6% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPollution: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputer Science: 3 fractional works · 1.8% of its workInformation Systems: 2 fractional works · 1.3% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEngineering: 2 fractional works · 1.3% of its workMedia Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBuilding and Construction: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMaterials Science: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 6 fractional works · 3.7% of its workHealth Professions: 3 fractional works · 1.9% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 3 fractional works · 1.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMedicine: 3 fractional works · 1.7% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEpidemiology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNursing: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 4 fractional works · 2.5% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 2 fractional works · 0.9% of its workGenetics: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workFood Science: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workNeurology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKWorld TradeOrganization171fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences3%Physical Sciences8%Health Sciences4%Social Sciences86%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 21 fields, with their numbers
    1. Social Sciences5632.8%
    2. Economics, Econometrics and Finance5130.0%
    3. Business, Management and Accounting3319.2%
    4. Arts and Humanities42.1%
    5. Decision Sciences21.3%
    6. Psychology10.4%
    1. Environmental Science63.8%
    2. Computer Science31.8%
    3. Engineering21.3%
    4. Energy10.5%
    5. Earth and Planetary Sciences10.3%
    6. Materials Science00.2%
    7. Mathematics00.1%
    8. Physics and Astronomy00.1%
    1. Health Professions31.9%
    2. Medicine31.7%
    3. Nursing00.1%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology20.9%
    2. Agricultural and Biological Sciences10.8%
    3. Neuroscience10.7%
    4. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics00.1%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does World Trade Organization specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: General Economics, Econometrics and Finance takes 49.5× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. General Economics, Econometrics and FinanceSubfield · 21.2 works49×
  2. Economics, Econometrics and FinanceField · 51.2 works14×
  3. Political Science and International RelationsSubfield · 27.1 works11×
  4. Economics and EconometricsSubfield · 27.3 works10×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.16× its world share, 1 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.17× its world share, 2 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Neuroscience: 0.41× its world share, 1 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.42× its world share, 0 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Computer Science: 0.23× its world share, 3 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.20× its world share, 0 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.51× its world share, 1 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.09× its world share, 2 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.77× its world share, 6 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.06× its world share, 0 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.12× its world share, 0 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.04× its world share, 0 worksPhysics and AstronomyHealth Professions: 0.71× its world share, 3 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.09× its world share, 3 worksMedicineNursing: 0.30× its world share, 0 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.72× its world share, 4 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 5.95× its world share, 33 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.31× its world share, 2 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 14.01× its world share, 51 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.12× its world share, 1 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 2.59× its world share, 56 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Economics, Econometrics and Finance, 14.0×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 21 fields, with their numbers
  1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance14.01×51 works
  2. Business, Management and Accounting5.95×33 works
  3. Social Sciences2.59×56 works
  4. Decision Sciences1.31×2 works
  5. Environmental Science0.77×6 works
  6. Arts and Humanities0.72×4 works
  7. Health Professions0.71×3 works
  8. Energy0.51×1 works
  9. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.42×0 works
  10. Neuroscience0.41×1 works
  11. Nursing0.30×0 works
  12. Computer Science0.23×3 works
  13. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.20×0 works
  14. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.17×2 works
  15. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.16×1 works
  16. Mathematics0.12×0 works
  17. Psychology0.12×1 works
  18. Engineering0.09×2 works
  19. Medicine0.09×3 works
  20. Materials Science0.06×0 works
  21. Physics and Astronomy0.04×0 works

Who are the top researchers at World Trade Organization?

Ranked on the quality score, Roberta Piermartini, Eddy Bekkers and Adam Jakubik lead among researchers whose main affiliation is World Trade Organization.

  1. 1 Roberta Piermartini Switzerland · #516,586 worldwide 2.6k citations · 72 works
  2. 2 Eddy Bekkers Switzerland · #592,211 worldwide 891 citations · 93 works
  3. 3 Adam Jakubik Switzerland · #754,044 worldwide 199 citations · 19 works
  4. 4 Cosimo Beverelli Switzerland · #759,485 worldwide 697 citations · 51 works
  5. 5 Aydin B. Yildirim Switzerland · #823,155 worldwide 332 citations · 47 works
  6. 6 Martin Roy Switzerland · #957,464 worldwide 982 citations · 52 works
  7. 7 Marion Jansen Switzerland · #1,029,245 worldwide 1.2k citations · 95 works
  8. 8 Valentina Rollo Switzerland · #1,034,463 worldwide 709 citations · 15 works
  9. 9 Alberto Osnago Switzerland · #1,234,287 worldwide 913 citations · 18 works
  10. 10 Juan A. Marchetti Switzerland · #1,236,308 worldwide 652 citations · 50 works
All ranked researchers at World Trade Organization

What are the most cited papers from World Trade Organization?

The most cited paper from World Trade Organization is "The Design of International Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset" (Manfred Elsig, Andreas Dür, Leonardo Baccini, 2014), with 746 citations. Next come "The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements" (519) and "The Emergence of a Standards Market: Multiplicity of Sustainability Standards in the Global Coffee Industry" (512).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Design of International Trade Agreements: Introducing a New Dataset Manfred Elsig, Andreas Dür, Leonardo Baccini · BORIS (University Library Bern) Open access 2014 746
2 The Impact of Regulations on Agricultural Trade: Evidence from the SPS and TBT Agreements Anne‐Célia Disdier, Lionel Fontagné, Mondher Mimouni · American Journal of Agricultural Economics Open access 31 Jan 2008 519
3 The Emergence of a Standards Market: Multiplicity of Sustainability Standards in the Global Coffee Industry Juliane Reinecke, Stephan Davys Manning, Oliver von Hagen · Organization Studies May 2012 512
4 Has the Internet Fostered Inclusive Innovation in the Developing World? Caroline Paunov, Valentina Rollo · World Development 17 Nov 2015 365
5 "The Game of Budget Control" G. Hofstede · Journal of the Operational Research Society Mar 1970 356
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at World Trade Organization?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Globalization, Innovation, Economic Development, Economic Growth, Human Rights, International Trade, Technology and Market Size.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization34▲ 10×28 topics
  2. Innovation29▲ 16×8 topics
  3. Economic Development28▲ 20×14 topics
  4. Economic Growth27▲ 19×17 topics
  5. Human Rights25▲ 14×19 topics
  6. International Trade23▲ 95×5 topics
  7. Technology21▲ 23×3 topics
  8. Market Size20▲ 173×2 topics
  9. Productivity20▲ 214×1 topic
  10. Trade Liberalization20▲ 255×1 topic
  11. Global Governance16▲ 39×11 topics
  12. Judicial Review15▲ 101×2 topics
  13. Environmental Regulation14▲ 57×2 topics
  14. Legal System13▲ 81×3 topics
  15. International Law13▲ 24×11 topics
  16. Developing Countries13▲ 76×3 topics
  17. Foreign Direct Investment13▲ 158×2 topics
  18. International Trade Law12▲ 53×1 topic
  19. WTO Dispute Settlement12▲ 856×1 topic
  20. Fiscal Policy10▲ 30×6 topics
  21. Governance10▲ 18×7 topics
  22. Poverty Reduction10▲ 44×4 topics
  23. NGOs8▲ 53×2 topics
  24. Development Policies8▲ 147×1 topic
  25. Foreign Aid8▲ 147×1 topic
  26. Multinational Firms8▲ 79×2 topics
  27. State Sovereignty8▲ 97×2 topics
  28. Income Tax7▲ 56×2 topics
  29. Regional Development7▲ 12×3 topics
  30. Taxation7▲ 51×2 topics
  31. Transport Infrastructure7▲ 49×2 topics
  32. Bilateral Investment Treaties7▲ 224×1 topic
  33. Investment Treaty Arbitration7▲ 224×1 topic
  34. Labor Market7▲ 14×6 topics
  35. Infrastructure6▲ 31×1 topic
  36. Public Investment6▲ 69×1 topic
  37. Institutional Environment6▲ 118×1 topic
  38. Internationalization Process6▲ 118×1 topic
  39. Industrial Policy5▲ 26×6 topics
  40. Institutional Quality4▲ 25×3 topics

Which research topics does World Trade Organization publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Global trade and economics, World Trade Organization Law, International Development and Aid and International Arbitration and Investment Law.

Global trade and economics20Global trade and economics: 20 fractional worksWorld Trade Organization Law: 12 fractional worksInternational Development and Aid: 8 fractional worksInternational Arbitration and Investment Law: 7 fractional worksFiscal Policy and Economic Growth: 6 fractional worksInternational Business a…6International Business and FDI: 6 fractional worksIntellectual Property and Patents: 3 fractional worksTaxation and Compliance Studies: 3 fractional worksEuropean and International Law Studies: 3 fractional worksEconomic and Technological Innovation: 2 fractional works
General Economics, Econometrics and FinancePolitical Science and International RelationsDevelopmentStrategy and Management2 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Global trade and economics General Economics, Econometrics and Finance 20 works
  2. 2 World Trade Organization Law Political Science and International Relations 12 works
  3. 3 International Development and Aid Development 8 works
  4. 4 International Arbitration and Investment Law Strategy and Management 7 works
  5. 5 Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Economics and Econometrics 6 works
  6. 6 International Business and FDI Strategy and Management 6 works
  7. 7 Intellectual Property and Patents Management of Technology and Innovation 3 works
  8. 8 Taxation and Compliance Studies Economics and Econometrics 3 works
  9. 9 European and International Law Studies Political Science and International Relations 3 works
  10. 10 Economic and Technological Innovation Economics and Econometrics 2 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available34.8%not open65.2%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors19.9%domestic only80.1%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has World Trade Organization's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 65% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is World Trade Organization as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.00038% in 2024.

still counting0.0020%0.0040%0.0060%World Trade Organization0.00047% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of World Trade Organization over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%30%World Trade Organization11.8% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 21.2% in 2011.

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World Trade Organization on Science Explorer

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