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Topic · Global and Planetary Change

Climate variability and models

Climate variability and models is a research topic within Global and Planetary Change. Science Explorer counts 79k research works in it since 1950. 26.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers encompasses a wide range of research on climate change, global warming, and variability, including studies on extreme events, climate modeling, precipitation extremes, ocean circulation, ENSO variability, Arctic amplification, and the hydrological cycle. It also addresses the impact of greenhouse gas emissions and the challenge of keeping global warming below 2°C.

  • Climate Change
  • Global Warming
  • Extreme Events
  • Climate Modeling
  • Precipitation Extremes
  • Ocean Circulation
  • ENSO Variability
  • Arctic Amplification
  • Hydrological Cycle
  • Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Research works
79k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
21k
per year above
Top-10% rate
26.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+30%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Climate variability and models research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (4.3k and 2.6k works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 China 4.3k works
  2. 2 United States 2.6k works
  3. 3 India 1.1k works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 643 works
  5. 5 Germany 564 works
  6. 6 France 470 works
  7. 7 Australia 364 works
  8. 8 Japan 336 works
  9. 9 South Korea 301 works
  10. 10 Russia 293 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 39.4%United States: 23.6%India: 9.8%United Kingdom: 5.9%6 others listed: 21.3%39%largest
China4,303 · 39.4%United States2,575 · 23.6%India1,070 · 9.8%United Kingdom643 · 5.9%6 others listed2,328 · 21.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Climate variability and models research?

By volume in 2022–2025, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology publishes the most Climate variability and models research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Meteorological Administration.

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyChina 343 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 292 works
  3. 3 China Meteorological AdministrationChina 249 works
  4. 4 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 161 works
  5. 5 Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChina 154 works
  6. 6 Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesChina 121 works
  7. 7 Beijing Normal UniversityChina 110 works
  8. 8 NSF National Center for Atmospheric ResearchUnited States 96 works
  9. 9 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou)China 94 works
  10. 10 Ocean University of ChinaChina 88 works

Who are the leading researchers in Climate variability and models?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Climate variability and models include Adrian E. Raftery, Eugenia Kalnay and Ian Foster.

  1. 1 Adrian E. Raftery United States 5k citations
  2. 2 Eugenia Kalnay United States 5k citations
  3. 3 Ian Foster United States 4.9k citations
  4. 4 William D. Collins United States 4.7k citations
  5. 5 John E. Janowiak United States 4.6k citations
  6. 6 Masao Kanamitsu United States 4.5k citations
  7. 7 Quanan Zheng United States 4.5k citations
  8. 8 Susan Solomon United States 4.5k citations
  9. 9 Edward N. Lorenz United States 4.4k citations
  10. 10 Ants Leetmaa United States 4.3k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Climate variability and models research done?

The largest centres of Climate variability and models research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Nanjing (China), Boulder (United States) and Guangzhou (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Tsukuba, Sparkill and Qingdao.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Beijing China 1.6k works
  2. 2 Nanjing China 614 works
  3. 3 Boulder United States 246 works
  4. 4 Guangzhou China 240 works
  5. 5 Qingdao China 204 works
  6. 6 Shanghai China 183 works
  7. 7 Paris France 168 works
  8. 8 New Delhi India 161 works
  9. 9 Moscow Russia 152 works
  10. 10 Lanzhou China 136 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Tsukuba21.7 works132×
  2. SparkillUS · 26.7 works79×
  3. Qingdao31.1 works56×
  4. GeesthachtDE · 22.3 works35×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Climate variability and models than the world average.

See Climate variability and models on the map

Where is the best place to study Climate variability and models?

Among universities, judged by research, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University and Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 32.77%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology: 343, 17.6%Beijing Normal University: 110, 34.0%Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar: 10, 53.4%University of Exeter: 42, 35.5%Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique: 10, 55.4%Hohai University: 70, 27.3%ETH Zurich: 55, 40.6%University of Reading: 62, 24.6%China University of Geosciences: 41, 27.7%Chengdu University of Information Technology: 40, 11.6%Indian Institute of …University of ExeterBeijing Normal Unive…Nanjing University o…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyChina 67.617.6%57.6×343 +158.9%
2 Beijing Normal UniversityChina 67.334.0%10.8×110 +104.6%
3 Indian Institute of Technology GandhinagarIndia 62.853.4%7.0×10 +198.9%
4 University of ExeterUnited Kingdom 59.835.5%7.0×42 +143.2%
5 Université Mohammed VI PolytechniqueMorocco 59.655.4%7.3×10 —
6 Hohai UniversityChina 58.627.3%8.7×70 +122.0%
7 ETH ZurichSwitzerland 54.640.6%5.6×55 +30.6%
8 University of ReadingUnited Kingdom 54.324.6%21.9×62 -8.8%
9 China University of GeosciencesChina 54.227.7%6.1×41 +592.0%
10 Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChina 54.211.6%20.3×40 +209.8%

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Climate variability and models research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 30% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2021. The fastest-growing topics are Climate variability and models.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.