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Topic · Global and Planetary Change

Climate Change and Geoengineering

Climate Change and Geoengineering is a research topic within Global and Planetary Change. Science Explorer counts 7.7k research works in it since 1950. 10.5% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the ethical, governance, and environmental implications of geoengineering as a potential solution to climate change. It explores topics such as solar radiation management, stratospheric aerosol injections, climate justice, public perception, and the ethical dilemmas associated with implementing large-scale engineering interventions to mitigate global warming.

  • Geoengineering
  • Climate Change
  • Ethics
  • Solar Radiation Management
  • Stratospheric Aerosols
  • Global Governance
  • Climate Justice
  • Public Perception
  • Environmental Ethics
  • Policy Dilemma
Research works
7.7k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
812
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.5%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+38%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
35% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Climate Change and Geoengineering

Which countries lead Climate Change and Geoengineering research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (624 and 297 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 624 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 297 works
  3. 3 Germany 217 works
  4. 4 France 104 works
  5. 5 Australia 103 works
  6. 6 China 100 works
  7. 7 India 94 works
  8. 8 Netherlands 89 works
  9. 9 Canada 88 works
  10. 10 Italy 70 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 35.0%United Kingdom: 16.7%Germany: 12.1%France: 5.8%6 others listed: 30.4%35%largest
United States624 · 35.0%United Kingdom297 · 16.7%Germany217 · 12.1%France104 · 5.8%6 others listed543 · 30.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Climate Change and Geoengineering research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Climate Change and Geoengineering research, followed by University of Oxford and Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 29 works
  2. 2 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 24 works
  3. 3 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 17 works
  4. 4 Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 15 works
  5. 5 Columbia UniversityUnited States 13 works
  6. 6 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 13 works
  7. 7 University of LeedsUnited Kingdom 13 works
  8. 8 London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom 12 works
  9. 9 University of WashingtonUnited States 12 works
  10. 10 University of ExeterUnited Kingdom 12 works

Who are the leading researchers in Climate Change and Geoengineering?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Climate Change and Geoengineering include Philippe Ciais, Peter B. Reich and F. Stuart Chapin.

  1. 1 Philippe Ciais France 237k citations
  2. 2 Peter B. Reich United States 189k citations
  3. 3 F. Stuart Chapin United States 185k citations
  4. 4 Carl Folke Sweden 182k citations
  5. 5 Vivekanand Jha India 180k citations
  6. 6 Yuming Guo Australia 175k citations
  7. 7 Stephen R. Carpenter United States 165k citations
  8. 8 Daron Acemoğlu United States 164k citations
  9. 9 Элинор Остром United States 149k citations
  10. 10 Robert B. Jackson United States 149k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Climate Change and Geoengineering?

The most cited paper in Climate Change and Geoengineering is "The Tragedy of the Commons*" (Garrett Hardin, 2009), with 6,410 citations. Next come "Developing a framework for responsible innovation" (3,155) and "Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies" (3,140).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Tragedy of the Commons* Garrett Hardin · Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research Open access Jul 2009 6,410
2 Developing a framework for responsible innovation Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten · Research Policy Open access 13 Jun 2013 3,155
3 Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies Stephen W. Pacala, Robert H. Socolow · Science 13 Aug 2004 3,140
4 A handful of carbon Johannes C. Lehmann · Nature May 2007 2,447
5 Climate tipping points — too risky to bet against Timothy M. Lenton, Johan Rockström, Owen Gaffney et al. · Nature Open access 27 Nov 2019 2,184
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Climate Change and Geoengineering research done?

The largest centres of Climate Change and Geoengineering research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), New York (United States), Washington D.C. (United States) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Boulder.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 67 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 45 works
  3. 3 Washington D.C.United States 39 works
  4. 4 ParisFrance 36 works
  5. 5 BeijingChina 30 works
  6. 6 OxfordUnited Kingdom 27 works
  7. 7 BoulderUnited States 25 works
  8. 8 SydneyAustralia 24 works
  9. 9 HamburgGermany 23 works
  10. 10 MelbourneAustralia 22 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BoulderUS · 25.0 works15×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Climate Change and Geoengineering than the world average.

See Climate Change and Geoengineering on the map

Where is the best place to study Climate Change and Geoengineering?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Oxford, Lund University and University of Exeter score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 22.15%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Lund UniversityUniversity of ExeterLondon School of Eco…University of Oxford
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 76.712.4%7.5×24 +29.0%
2Lund UniversitySweden 74.034.9%8.2×10 +27.5%
3University of ExeterUnited Kingdom 73.929.5%12.7×12 +40.2%
4London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom 65.828.2%23.4×12 +32.3%
5Lancaster UniversityUnited Kingdom 60.924.0%15.1×9 +40.9%
6University of LeedsUnited Kingdom 60.418.7%10.2×13 +241.6%
7The University of QueenslandAustralia 57.829.8%4.0×9 +52.9%
8University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 53.418.5%4.9×13 -0.2%
9Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 50.511.4%9.4×15 -23.2%
10Columbia UniversityUnited States 48.614.1%5.4×13 +37.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Climate Change and Geoengineering, country by country

Is Climate Change and Geoengineering research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 38% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Climate Change and Geoengineering.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Climate Change and Geoengineering as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.010% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Climate Change and Geoengineering0.011% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Climate Change and Geoengineering over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Climate Change and Geoengineering10.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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