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Topic · Political Science and International Relations

German Security and Defense Policies

German Security and Defense Policies is a research topic within Political Science and International Relations. Science Explorer counts 2.7k research works in it since 1952. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the causes and consequences of security policies and practices, including topics such as economic crisis, European Union policies, policing, human rights, risk governance, digitalization, counter-terrorism, and financial markets. It delves into the complexities of security studies in various contexts and their impact on governance, society, and individual rights.

  • Security
  • European Union
  • Policing
  • Economic Crisis
  • Human Rights
  • Risk Governance
  • Digitalization
  • Counter-Terrorism
  • Financial Markets
  • Sovereignty
Research works
2.7k
fractional, since 1952
In the world top 10%
269
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+42%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
Germany
73% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
German Security and Defense Policies

Which countries lead German Security and Defense Policies research?

By volume, Germany and Austria publish the most (529 and 51 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Germany 529 works
  2. 2 Austria 51 works
  3. 3 China 40 works
  4. 4 United States 35 works
  5. 5 Switzerland 18 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 17 works
  7. 7 Poland 10 works
  8. 8 Netherlands 9 works
  9. 9 Italy 7 works
  10. 10 France 7 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Germany: 73.3%Austria: 7.0%China: 5.5%United States: 4.8%6 others listed: 9.4%73%largest
Germany529 · 73.3%Austria51 · 7.0%China40 · 5.5%United States35 · 4.8%6 others listed68 · 9.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead German Security and Defense Policies research?

By volume in 2022-now, German Police University publishes the most German Security and Defense Policies research, followed by Hochschule für Polizei und Öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-Westfalen and Ruhr University Bochum.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 German Police UniversityGermany 13 works
  2. 2 Hochschule für Polizei und Öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-WestfalenGermany 13 works
  3. 3 Ruhr University BochumGermany 11 works
  4. 4 Leibniz AssociationGermany 11 works
  5. 5 Fraunhofer-GesellschaftGermany 9 works
  6. 6 Bielefeld UniversityGermany 8 works
  7. 7 Goethe University FrankfurtGermany 8 works
  8. 8 University of ViennaAustria 8 works
  9. 9 Berlin School of Economics and LawGermany 7 works
  10. 10 Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Inneres und SportGermany 6 works

Who are the leading researchers in German Security and Defense Policies?

The most-cited researchers publishing on German Security and Defense Policies include Martin Winter and Stefan H. E. Kaufmann.

  1. 1 Martin Winter Germany 91k citations
  2. 2 Stefan H. E. Kaufmann Germany 72k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in German Security and Defense Policies?

The most cited paper in German Security and Defense Policies is "Governance im modernen Staat" (Renate Mayntz, 2004), with 356 citations. Next come "German Yearbook of International Law" (346) and "1 | Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung" (324).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Governance im modernen Staat Renate Mayntz · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks Book chapter 2004 356
2 German Yearbook of International Law Sienho Yee · Chinese Journal of International Law 30 May 2017 346
3 1 | Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung Linda E. Martin, Maike Neufend, Maxi Kindling Open access 9 Oct 2024 324
4 Information Security – The Fourth Wave Basie von Solms · Computers & Security May 2006 166
5 Der „Schatten der Hierarchie“ — Ein Governance-Paradox? Tanja A. Börzel · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks Book chapter 17 Feb 2009 154
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is German Security and Defense Policies research done?

The largest centres of German Security and Defense Policies research in 2022-now are Berlin (Germany), Hamburg (Germany), Vienna (Austria) and Munich (Germany). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Münster.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BerlinGermany 50 works
  2. 2 HamburgGermany 31 works
  3. 3 ViennaAustria 27 works
  4. 4 MunichGermany 24 works
  5. 5 MünsterGermany 22 works
  6. 6 HanoverGermany 18 works
  7. 7 BonnGermany 17 works
  8. 8 GelsenkirchenGermany 17 works
  9. 9 CologneGermany 17 works
  10. 10 DarmstadtGermany 14 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. MünsterDE · 22.2 works52×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in German Security and Defense Policies than the world average.

See German Security and Defense Policies on the map

Where is the best place to study German Security and Defense Policies?

Among universities, judged by research, German Police University, Bielefeld University and Ruhr University Bochum score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%5%10%15%mean 12.02%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Bielefeld UniversityGerman Police Univer…Ruhr University BochumHochschule für Poliz…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1German Police UniversityGermany 79.212.1%3880.1×13 +22.2%
2Bielefeld UniversityGermany 59.013.5%55.4×8 +38.1%
3Ruhr University BochumGermany 47.711.7%40.5×11 +55.3%
4Hochschule für Polizei und Öffentliche Verwaltung Nordrhein-WestfalenGermany 37.711.2%1616.2×13 +464.5%
5Goethe University FrankfurtGermany 34.211.6%27.9×8 +105.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in German Security and Defense Policies, country by country

Is German Security and Defense Policies research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 42% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are German Security and Defense Policies.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is German Security and Defense Policies as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0027% in 2024.

still counting0.0020%0.0040%German Security and Defense Policies0.0037% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of German Security and Defense Policies over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%German Security and Defense Policies9.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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