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Topic · Social Psychology

Safety Warnings and Signage

Safety Warnings and Signage is a research topic within Social Psychology. Science Explorer counts 10k research works in it since 1951. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the design, comprehension, and evaluation of warning symbols and labels, particularly related to traffic signs, safety communication, and risk perception. It explores factors such as age-related differences, cognitive impairment, and cultural ergonomics that influence the effectiveness of warning symbols. The research also delves into the impact of user factors on symbol comprehension and the use of pictograms in conveying safety messages.

  • Warning Design
  • Traffic Signs
  • Safety Communication
  • Symbol Comprehension
  • Risk Perception
  • Age-related Differences
  • Cognitive Impairment
  • Pictograms
  • User Factors
  • Cultural Ergonomics
Research works
10k
fractional, since 1951
In the world top 10%
1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+1%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
29% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Safety Warnings and Signage

Which countries lead Safety Warnings and Signage research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (374 and 371 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 374 works
  2. 2 United States 371 works
  3. 3 Germany 96 works
  4. 4 Japan 81 works
  5. 5 India 75 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 65 works
  7. 7 South Korea 59 works
  8. 8 Australia 59 works
  9. 9 France 52 works
  10. 10 Türkiye 51 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 29.2%United States: 28.9%Germany: 7.5%Japan: 6.3%6 others listed: 28.0%29%largest
China374 · 29.2%United States371 · 28.9%Germany96 · 7.5%Japan81 · 6.3%6 others listed360 · 28.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Safety Warnings and Signage research?

By volume in 2022-now, Tongji University publishes the most Safety Warnings and Signage research, followed by Purdue University West Lafayette and Tsinghua University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Tongji UniversityChina 18 works
  2. 2 Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States 14 works
  3. 3 Tsinghua UniversityChina 13 works
  4. 4 Southeast UniversityChina 12 works
  5. 5 University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 12 works
  6. 6 Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands 11 works
  7. 7 Virginia TechUnited States 11 works
  8. 8 Wuhan University of TechnologyChina 10 works
  9. 9 Chang'an UniversityChina 9 works
  10. 10 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Safety Warnings and Signage?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Safety Warnings and Signage include Ted R. Miller and David C. Schwebel.

  1. 1 Ted R. Miller United States 279k citations
  2. 2 David C. Schwebel United States 210k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Safety Warnings and Signage?

The most cited paper in Safety Warnings and Signage is "Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems" (Mica Robertson Endsley, 1995), with 8,747 citations. Next come "Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models" (6,348) and "Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse" (4,414).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Toward a Theory of Situation Awareness in Dynamic Systems Mica Robertson Endsley · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Mar 1995 8,747
2 Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models Kristine Sørensen, Stephan Van den Broucke, James Fullam et al. · BMC Public Health ReviewOpen access 25 Jan 2012 6,348
3 Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse Raja Parasuraman, Victor A. Riley · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Jun 1997 4,414
4 The Service Encounter: Diagnosing Favorable and Unfavorable Incidents Mary Jo Bitner, Bernard H. Booms, Mary Stanfield Tetreault · Journal of Marketing 1990 4,172
5 A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation Raja Parasuraman, T.B. Sheridan, Christopher D. Wickens · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics - Part A Systems and Humans May 2000 4,066
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Safety Warnings and Signage research done?

The largest centres of Safety Warnings and Signage research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Seoul (South Korea) and Tokyo (Japan).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 78 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 39 works
  3. 3 SeoulSouth Korea 29 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 26 works
  5. 5 NanjingChina 23 works
  6. 6 Xi'anChina 21 works
  7. 7 WuhanChina 18 works
  8. 8 ChangshaChina 15 works
  9. 9 HangzhouChina 15 works
  10. 10 ChongqingChina 14 works
See Safety Warnings and Signage on the map

Where is the best place to study Safety Warnings and Signage?

Among universities, judged by research, Tsinghua University, Delft University of Technology and Wuhan University of Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 18.73%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Wuhan University of …Tsinghua UniversityDelft University of …Tongji University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Tsinghua UniversityChina 71.530.2%3.6×13 +27.5%
2Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands 70.327.5%10.4×11 -33.4%
3Wuhan University of TechnologyChina 66.634.2%8.1×10 +146.4%
4Tongji UniversityChina 65.920.0%7.2×18 +50.8%
5Queensland University of TechnologyAustralia 58.120.9%15.2×8 +48.8%
6Purdue University West LafayetteUnited States 49.310.6%9.1×14 +145.7%
7Southeast UniversityChina 43.914.0%4.9×12 +102.4%
8Virginia TechUnited States 40.610.1%11.9×11 +9.6%
9Chang'an UniversityChina 28.016.5%15.6×9 -25.5%
10University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States 14.43.3%4.0×12 -25.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Safety Warnings and Signage, country by country

Is Safety Warnings and Signage research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 1% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Safety Warnings and Signage.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Safety Warnings and Signage as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0084% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Safety Warnings and Signage0.0077% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Safety Warnings and Signage over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Safety Warnings and Signage10.2% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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