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Bhutan vs Monaco

On research quality in 2022-now, Bhutan ranks #140 in the world and Monaco #143, of 189 countries.

Research profiles alike: 0.49similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Bhutan

World rank, 2022-now
#140
#160 all time
Works, 2022-now
917
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
74%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Virology.

Monaco

World rank, 2022-now
#143
#107 all time
Works, 2022-now
326
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.6%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
35%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Oceanography, Marketing, Biotechnology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Bhutan leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, open access and growth. Monaco leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work and international co-authorship. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Bhutan 41 level4 Monaco
  1. #140Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#143
  2. 0.75×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.11×
  3. 917Outputfractional works, 2022-now326
  4. 4.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited14.6%
  5. 8.2Citations per workall time, per fractional work27.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 74%Open accessof its works free to read, all time35%
  8. 35%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time52%
  9. +32%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-4%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Bhutan

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change90▲ 3.3×71 topics
  2. Sustainability48▲ 1.96×55 topics
  3. Epidemiology46▲ 1.16×75 topics
  4. Educational Technology40▲ 3.4×22 topics
  5. Biodiversity37▲ 4.9×22 topics
  6. Education37▲ 2.2×28 topics
  7. Globalization33▲ 1.65×37 topics
  8. E-Learning29▲ 3.0×11 topics
  9. Technology Integration28▲ 8.7×8 topics
  10. Online Learning27▲ 3.3×9 topics
  11. Environmental Impact27▲ 1.59×31 topics
  12. Remote Sensing27▲ 2.2×21 topics
  13. Renewable Energy25▲ 1.73×28 topics
  14. Teaching Strategies24▲ 8.4×5 topics
  15. Mobile Learning22▲ 6.3×4 topics
  16. Meta-Analysis21▲ 3.5×11 topics
  17. Invasive Species20▲ 4.8×16 topics
  18. Social Justice19▲ 3.2×13 topics
  19. Student Satisfaction19▲ 10×2 topics
  20. Higher Education18▲ 3.3×14 topics
  21. Student Engagement18▲ 4.4×10 topics
  22. Conservation17▲ 3.9×16 topics
  23. Google Classroom16▲ 16×1 topic
  24. Teacher Perception16▲ 15×1 topic
  25. 21st Century Skills16▲ 5.6×6 topics
  26. Biogeography16▲ 5.6×13 topics
  27. Habitat Fragmentation15▲ 7.0×5 topics
  28. Adaptation15▲ 4.9×6 topics
  29. Global Change15▲ 5.5×5 topics
  30. Population Dynamics14▲ 5.6×8 topics
  31. Critical Thinking Skills14▲ 7.8×2 topics
  32. Nursing Education14▲ 10×2 topics
  33. Habitat Selection12▲ 17×2 topics
  34. Higher-Order Thinking12▲ 16×1 topic
  35. Instructional Interventions12▲ 16×1 topic
  36. Vulnerability12▲ 5.4×7 topics
  37. Animal Movement12▲ 23×1 topic
  38. Occupancy Rates12▲ 23×1 topic
  39. Teacher Professional Development12▲ 7.2×5 topics
  40. Model Evaluation11▲ 8.7×2 topics

Monaco

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change32▲ 3.1×48 topics
  2. Ocean Acidification24▲ 84×3 topics
  3. Epidemiology17◆ 1.11×77 topics
  4. Marine Ecosystems15▲ 72×2 topics
  5. Bleaching15▲ 118×1 topic
  6. Coral Reefs15▲ 118×1 topic
  7. Sustainability13▲ 1.36×38 topics
  8. Consumer Behavior12▲ 4.9×11 topics
  9. Environmental Impact12▲ 1.78×23 topics
  10. Corporate Governance10▲ 3.7×10 topics
  11. Oxidative Stress10▲ 1.64×26 topics
  12. Customer Experience8▲ 12×3 topics
  13. Coastal Protection8▲ 29×2 topics
  14. Marine Environment7▲ 13×3 topics
  15. Brand Equity7▲ 28×1 topic
  16. Brand Trust7▲ 35×1 topic
  17. Health Effects7▲ 3.0×15 topics
  18. Ecosystem Services7▲ 4.6×6 topics
  19. Social Capital6▲ 3.3×9 topics
  20. Benthic Communities6▲ 25×2 topics
  21. Marine Biodiversity6▲ 25×2 topics
  22. CO2 Emissions6▲ 8.3×3 topics
  23. Environmental Impacts5▲ 5.1×6 topics
  24. Aquaculture5▲ 5.2×4 topics
  25. Global Change5▲ 5.0×3 topics
  26. Human Health5▲ 8.1×2 topics
  27. Calcifying Organisms5▲ 107×1 topic
  28. Marine Organisms5▲ 107×1 topic
  29. Metagenomics5▲ 14×3 topics
  30. Climate Change Impacts5▲ 10×4 topics
  31. Ecosystem Resilience5▲ 8.0×4 topics
  32. Impulse Buying5▲ 23×1 topic
  33. Multichannel Retailing5▲ 23×1 topic
  34. Bioprospecting5▲ 43×2 topics
  35. Kelp Forests4▲ 38×1 topic
  36. Marine Natural Products4▲ 26×2 topics
  37. Microbial Symbionts4▲ 78×1 topic
  38. Seagrasses4▲ 38×1 topic
  39. Sponge-Associated Microorganisms4▲ 78×1 topic
  40. Stakeholder Engagement4▲ 11×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Bhutan has out-published Monaco every year since 2016, when it overtook it.

still counting200400Bhutan213 in 2025Monaco86 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.0025%0.0050%0.0075%Bhutan0.0036% in 2025Monaco0.0015% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%30%Monaco13.9% in 2025Bhutan5.7% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Bhutan 05 level0 Monaco
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Bhutan or Monaco?

Bhutan publishes 2.8× as much research as Monaco in 2022-now (917 against 326 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Bhutan or Monaco?

14.6% of Monaco's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.9% for Bhutan.

Is Bhutan or Monaco growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +32% against 2018-21 for Bhutan, and -4% for Monaco.

Which has more open access research, Bhutan or Monaco?

74% of Bhutan's research is free to read, against 35% of Monaco's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Bhutan or Monaco?

Bhutan holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Monaco 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Bhutan

  1. 1Royal University of Bhutan4.9% top 10% · 586 works
  2. 2Ministry of Agriculture and Forests5.1% top 10% · 159 works
  3. 3Centre for Bhutan Studies and GNH Research4.6% top 10% · 103 works

Monaco

  1. 1International University of Monaco14.1% top 10% · 173 works
  2. 2Scientific Centre of Monaco19.1% top 10% · 91 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Bhutan

  1. 1 Sonam Wangchuk #879,489 worldwide 2.1k citations · 81 works
  2. 2 Karma Tempa #1,298,054 worldwide 366 citations · 27 works
  3. 3 Rajnish Ratna #1,299,859 worldwide 567 citations · 23 works
  4. 4 Pem Chuki #1,519,786 worldwide 503 citations · 21 works
  5. 5 Binay Thapa #1,532,348 worldwide 745 citations · 15 works

Monaco

  1. 1 Christine Ferrier‐Pagès #76,466 worldwide 16k citations · 332 works
  2. 2 Denis Allemand #77,538 worldwide 19k citations · 318 works
  3. 3 Éric Tambutté #79,835 worldwide 8.7k citations · 169 works
  4. 4 Didier Zoccola #169,874 worldwide 6.7k citations · 175 works
  5. 5 Sylvie Tambutté #172,332 worldwide 8.5k citations · 155 works