Botswana vs Sierra Leone
On research quality in 2022-now, Botswana ranks #92 in the world and Sierra Leone #112, of 189 countries. Botswana stands higher in 5 of the 6 fields both publish in, Sierra Leone in 1.
Research profiles alike: 0.74very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured
Compare other countries
Botswana
- World rank, 2022-now
- #92
- #91 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 3k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 8.5%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 47%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Archeology, Forestry, Statistics and Probability.
Sierra Leone
- World rank, 2022-now
- #112
- #98 all time
- Works, 2022-now
- 1.1k
- fractional
- Top-10% rate
- 6.6%
- share of its work among the world's most cited
- Open access
- 68%
- of its works free to read
Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Development.
Who leads, measure by measure?
Botswana leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, output, top-10% rate and citations per work. Sierra Leone leads on 4 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, open access, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.
- #92Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#112
- 0.90×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.93×
- 3kOutputfractional works, 2022-now1.1k
- 8.5%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited6.6%
- 12.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work8.9
- 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
- 47%Open accessof its works free to read, all time68%
- 33%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time39%
- +16%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+104%
A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.
Who leads in each field?
Botswana stands higher in 5 of 6 fields, Sierra Leone in 1. Botswana leads most in Medicine (#86 against #99); Sierra Leone leads most in Social Sciences (#107 against #114). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.
- #80Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
- #101Computer Science-
- #75Engineering-
- #69Environmental Science-
- #86Medicine#99
- #114Social Sciences#107
Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.
The numbers behind each field
Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.
| Field | Botswana rank | Sierra Leone rank | Botswana top 10% | Sierra Leone top 10% | Botswana works | Sierra Leone works |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | #80 | - | 10.7% | - | 308 | - |
| Computer Science | #101 | - | 7.0% | - | 208 | - |
| Engineering | #75 | - | 10.7% | - | 360 | - |
| Environmental Science | #69 | - | 8.7% | - | 284 | - |
| Medicine | #86 | #99 | 9.0% | 8.7% | 335 | 209 |
| Social Sciences | #114 | #107 | 7.4% | 5.1% | 471 | 209 |
What is each known for?
The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.
Botswana
- HIV Transmission
- Child Mortality
- Livelihoods
- Generalized Exponential
- Land Reform
- Nutritional Value
- Health Inequalities
- Community Health Workers
- Land Use Change
- Smallholder Farmers
- Adaptation
- Higher Education
- Risk Management
- Development
- Antiretroviral Therapy
- Economic Growth
- Renewable Energy
- Environmental Impact
- Epidemiology
- Sustainability
- Climate Change
- Machine Learning
- Globalization
- Deep Learning
- Remote Sensing
- Colonialism
- Social Justice
- Biodiversity Conservation
- Sustainable Agriculture
- Genetic Diversity
- Political Economy
- Poverty Reduction
- Maternal Mortality
- Bayesian Inference
- Mortality Rates
- Gender Inequality
- Weibull Distribution
- Skew Distributions
- Phytochemicals
- Health Systems
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Climate Change192▲ 2.1×87 topics
- Sustainability159▲ 1.89×75 topics
- Machine Learning144▲ 1.26×77 topics
- Epidemiology104▼ 0.76×111 topics
- Globalization95▲ 1.40×72 topics
- Environmental Impact91▲ 1.55×52 topics
- Deep Learning89▼ 0.76×67 topics
- Renewable Energy73▲ 1.46×40 topics
- Remote Sensing70▲ 1.67×31 topics
- Economic Growth66▲ 2.4×27 topics
- Colonialism66▲ 4.0×14 topics
- Antiretroviral Therapy48▲ 8.6×6 topics
- Social Justice47▲ 2.3×26 topics
- Development46▲ 3.8×19 topics
- Biodiversity Conservation46▲ 3.6×13 topics
- Risk Management46▲ 2.8×13 topics
- Sustainable Agriculture44▲ 4.1×12 topics
- Higher Education42▲ 2.3×17 topics
- Genetic Diversity41▲ 2.7×20 topics
- Adaptation40▲ 4.0×11 topics
- Political Economy40▲ 4.5×11 topics
- Smallholder Farmers37▲ 5.1×5 topics
- Poverty Reduction36▲ 8.1×5 topics
- Land Use Change35▲ 3.4×7 topics
- Maternal Mortality31▲ 4.1×5 topics
- Community Health Workers31▲ 10×2 topics
- Bayesian Inference30▲ 8.9×4 topics
- Health Inequalities28▲ 6.8×3 topics
- Mortality Rates28▲ 8.5×2 topics
- Nutritional Value27▲ 7.0×4 topics
- Gender Inequality27▲ 5.7×6 topics
- Land Reform27▲ 17×2 topics
- Weibull Distribution26▲ 17×2 topics
- Generalized Exponential25▲ 44×1 topic
- Skew Distributions25▲ 44×1 topic
- Livelihoods25▲ 21×2 topics
- Phytochemicals25▲ 6.7×7 topics
- Child Mortality25▲ 10×1 topic
- Health Systems25▲ 10×1 topic
- HIV Transmission23▲ 8.7×2 topics
Sierra Leone
- Knowledge Economy
- Finance
- Inequality
- Global Burden of Disease
- Corruption
- Reservoirs
- Adaptation
- Transmission
- Genetic Diversity
- Infectious Diseases
- Economic Development
- Health Systems
- Poverty Reduction
- Community Health Workers
- Pathogenesis
- Maternal Mortality
- Fiscal Policy
- Public Health
- Globalization
- Economic Growth
- Epidemiology
- Climate Change
- Sustainability
- Environmental Impact
- Vaccine
- Governance
- Immune Response
- Health Inequalities
- Child Mortality
- Institutional Quality
- Risk Management
- Smallholder Farmers
- Regulation
- Outbreak
- Ebola Virus
- ICT
- Gender Equality
- Monetary Policy
- Global Health
- Inclusive Development
All 40 words, with their numbers
- Epidemiology78▲ 1.48×79 topics
- Economic Growth68▲ 6.3×21 topics
- Climate Change66▲ 1.86×62 topics
- Globalization59▲ 2.3×48 topics
- Sustainability56▲ 1.76×50 topics
- Public Health45▲ 2.4×40 topics
- Environmental Impact41▲ 1.83×44 topics
- Fiscal Policy40▲ 15×6 topics
- Vaccine38▲ 7.3×10 topics
- Maternal Mortality37▲ 13×5 topics
- Governance36▲ 8.5×9 topics
- Pathogenesis36▲ 5.4×18 topics
- Immune Response36▲ 4.8×12 topics
- Community Health Workers35▲ 30×2 topics
- Health Inequalities34▲ 21×3 topics
- Poverty Reduction33▲ 19×5 topics
- Child Mortality32▲ 34×1 topic
- Health Systems32▲ 34×1 topic
- Institutional Quality31▲ 23×2 topics
- Economic Development30▲ 2.9×20 topics
- Risk Management30▲ 4.8×10 topics
- Infectious Diseases28▲ 6.4×8 topics
- Smallholder Farmers28▲ 10×5 topics
- Genetic Diversity27▲ 4.7×17 topics
- Regulation26▲ 3.8×11 topics
- Transmission26▲ 36×3 topics
- Outbreak24▲ 49×2 topics
- Adaptation24▲ 6.2×7 topics
- Ebola Virus24▲ 65×1 topic
- Reservoirs24▲ 65×1 topic
- ICT22▲ 13×3 topics
- Corruption22▲ 11×6 topics
- Gender Equality21▲ 5.8×11 topics
- Global Burden of Disease21▲ 6.4×4 topics
- Monetary Policy21▲ 6.6×7 topics
- Inequality20▲ 6.8×5 topics
- Global Health20▲ 9.6×4 topics
- Finance20▲ 8.1×3 topics
- Inclusive Development19▲ 33×2 topics
- Knowledge Economy18▲ 13×2 topics
Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.
How has their output grown?
Botswana has out-published Sierra Leone every year since 1984, when it overtook it.
Fractional works per year.
Their share of all research
Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.
Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.
How much of it reaches the world top 10%
The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).
A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.
Who holds more of the world's best institutions?
A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.
- 0In the world top 500
- 0In the top 1000
- 0In the top 5000
- 0In the top 1,0000
- #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51
Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.
Which publishes more research, Botswana or Sierra Leone?
Botswana publishes 2.7× as much research as Sierra Leone in 2022-now (3k against 1.1k fractional works).
Whose research has more impact, Botswana or Sierra Leone?
8.5% of Botswana's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 6.6% for Sierra Leone.
Is Botswana or Sierra Leone growing faster?
Output in 2022-25 was +104% against 2018-21 for Sierra Leone, and +16% for Botswana.
Which has more open access research, Botswana or Sierra Leone?
68% of Sierra Leone's research is free to read, against 47% of Botswana's.
Which has more world-class institutions, Botswana or Sierra Leone?
Botswana holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Sierra Leone 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.
Which institutions lead in each country?
The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.
Botswana
- 1University of Botswana7.6% top 10% · 1.4k works
- 2Botswana International University of Science and Technology8.6% top 10% · 674 works
- 3Botswana Geoscience Institute8.8% top 10% · 116 works
- 4Botho University8.5% top 10% · 148 works
- 5Ministry of Agriculture14.6% top 10% · 169 works
- 6Botswana Open University3.9% top 10% · 76 works
Sierra Leone
- 1University of Sierra Leone5.1% top 10% · 501 works
- 2Njala University6.9% top 10% · 307 works
- 3University of Makeni5.7% top 10% · 66 works
- 4Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute7.9% top 10% · 73 works
The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.
Who are the top researchers on each side?
The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.
Botswana
- 1 Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera #31,057 worldwide 54k citations · 105 works
- 2 John Weldon McNutt #207,426 worldwide 5.3k citations · 119 works
- 3 Joseph M. Makhema #280,791 worldwide 14k citations · 95 works
- 4 Peter Vuylsteke #396,259 worldwide 7.7k citations · 317 works
- 5 Sununguko Wata Mpoloka #453,404 worldwide 2.7k citations · 62 works
Sierra Leone
- 1 Haja Ramatulai Wurie #161,092 worldwide 2.4k citations · 68 works
- 2 Amara Jambai #176,221 worldwide 3.4k citations · 97 works
- 3 Rashid Ansumana #239,551 worldwide 4.4k citations · 163 works
- 4 Abdul Salami Bah #270,549 worldwide 111 citations · 29 works
- 5 Augustus Osborne #296,042 worldwide 4k citations · 162 works