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Mali vs North Macedonia

On research quality in 2022-now, Mali ranks #118 in the world and North Macedonia #119, of 189 countries. Mali stands higher in 2 of the 12 fields both publish in, North Macedonia in 10.

Research profiles alike: 0.35somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Mali

World rank, 2022-now
#118
#81 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.0%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
62%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Medical Terminology, Forestry, Horticulture.

North Macedonia

World rank, 2022-now
#119
#144 all time
Works, 2022-now
7.9k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.5%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
63%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: General Energy, Finance, Medical Laboratory Technology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Mali leads on 4 of 9 measures: research quality, excellence for its fields, citations per work and international co-authorship. North Macedonia leads on 3 of 9 measures: output, top-10% rate and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100 and open access.

Mali 42 level3 North Macedonia
  1. #118Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#119
  2. 0.56×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.53×
  3. 1.9kOutputfractional works, 2022-now7.9k
  4. 5.0%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.5%
  5. 14.4Citations per workall time, per fractional work7.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 62%Open accessof its works free to read, all time63%
  8. 46%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time38%
  9. +9%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+25%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Mali stands higher in 2 of 12 fields, North Macedonia in 10. North Macedonia leads most in Social Sciences (#103 against #119); Mali leads most in Medicine (#88 against #141). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Mali 210 North Macedonia
  1. #73Agricultural and Biological Sciences#113
  2. -Arts and Humanities#75
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#95
  4. -Business, Management and Accounting#79
  5. -Computer Science#79
  6. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#85
  7. -Engineering#85
  8. -Environmental Science#116
  9. -Health Professions#97
  10. #88Medicine#141
  11. -Psychology#90
  12. #119Social Sciences#103

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Mali rankNorth Macedonia rank Mali top 10%North Macedonia top 10% Mali worksNorth Macedonia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #73 #113 7.4% 4.6% 261 358
Arts and Humanities - #75 - 7.3% - 369
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #95 - 3.9% - 246
Business, Management and Accounting - #79 - 7.3% - 472
Computer Science - #79 - 5.6% - 689
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #85 - 6.3% - 489
Engineering - #85 - 4.9% - 865
Environmental Science - #116 - 5.1% - 324
Health Professions - #97 - 4.8% - 233
Medicine #88 #141 2.6% 3.3% 792 1.3k
Psychology - #90 - 7.5% - 245
Social Sciences #119 #103 6.9% 6.8% 221 1.4k

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Mali

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology278▲ 3.2×126 topics
  2. Climate Change132▲ 2.2×76 topics
  3. Public Health110▲ 3.5×54 topics
  4. Sustainability107▲ 2.0×62 topics
  5. Smallholder Farmers101▲ 22×6 topics
  6. Adaptation77▲ 12×9 topics
  7. Diagnosis76▲ 3.7×38 topics
  8. Treatment69▲ 2.6×44 topics
  9. Agroecology64▲ 21×3 topics
  10. Vaccine Development64▲ 11×11 topics
  11. Agricultural Development62▲ 18×5 topics
  12. Diversity61▲ 16×5 topics
  13. Multifunctionality61▲ 60×2 topics
  14. Livestock Farming61▲ 47×3 topics
  15. Global Burden61▲ 5.1×12 topics
  16. Work Organization60▲ 72×1 topic
  17. Maternal Mortality58▲ 12×5 topics
  18. Immune Response57▲ 4.6×17 topics
  19. Sustainable Agriculture53▲ 7.8×12 topics
  20. Pathogenesis50▲ 4.4×22 topics
  21. Vaccine48▲ 5.5×11 topics
  22. Primary Care44▲ 5.4×12 topics
  23. Health Inequalities44▲ 16×3 topics
  24. Community Health Workers43▲ 22×2 topics
  25. Socio-economic Factors43▲ 18×3 topics
  26. Social Determinants of Health42▲ 8.9×6 topics
  27. Child Mortality42▲ 27×1 topic
  28. Health Systems42▲ 27×1 topic
  29. Insecticide Resistance40▲ 23×4 topics
  30. Genome Sequence39▲ 21×4 topics
  31. Digital Health37▲ 15×3 topics
  32. Healthcare Policy36▲ 18×3 topics
  33. Artemisinin Resistance36▲ 49×1 topic
  34. Plasmodium falciparum36▲ 49×1 topic
  35. Healthcare Management35▲ 20×2 topics
  36. Healthcare Quality Indicators34▲ 27×2 topics
  37. Inequalities34▲ 49×1 topic
  38. Universal Health Coverage34▲ 49×1 topic
  39. Maternal and Child Undernutrition31▲ 17×1 topic
  40. Water Sanitation Hygiene31▲ 17×1 topic

North Macedonia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization362▲ 2.0×138 topics
  2. Machine Learning343◆ 1.13×91 topics
  3. Sustainability335▲ 1.50×113 topics
  4. Sustainable Development292▲ 2.0×87 topics
  5. Epidemiology282▼ 0.78×135 topics
  6. Deep Learning269▼ 0.86×78 topics
  7. Climate Change267◆ 1.08×117 topics
  8. Economic Growth244▲ 3.3×33 topics
  9. Renewable Energy207▲ 1.57×55 topics
  10. Artificial Intelligence206▲ 1.58×54 topics
  11. Innovation175▲ 1.86×68 topics
  12. Social Media171▲ 1.36×38 topics
  13. Human Rights160▲ 1.72×75 topics
  14. Identity149▲ 2.3×58 topics
  15. Healthcare146▲ 1.41×36 topics
  16. Big Data144▲ 1.65×31 topics
  17. Economic Development142▲ 1.95×46 topics
  18. Supply Chain Management135▲ 1.65×25 topics
  19. Energy Efficiency132▲ 1.57×41 topics
  20. Security124▲ 2.0×26 topics
  21. Social Capital123▲ 2.6×19 topics
  22. Financial Performance119▲ 2.3×16 topics
  23. Regional Development116▲ 3.7×20 topics
  24. Nationalism115▲ 2.8×29 topics
  25. Religion108▲ 2.6×32 topics
  26. Ethnicity106▲ 3.1×21 topics
  27. Environmental Management95▲ 2.5×17 topics
  28. Balkans88▲ 42×2 topics
  29. Conflict82▲ 5.5×11 topics
  30. European Union79▲ 3.9×23 topics
  31. Global Governance79▲ 3.6×22 topics
  32. Fiscal Policy76▲ 4.1×10 topics
  33. Small and Medium Enterprises72▲ 4.4×8 topics
  34. Innovation Management69▲ 4.9×10 topics
  35. Geopolitics68▲ 5.0×11 topics
  36. Eastern Europe64▲ 13×3 topics
  37. Post-war63▲ 59×1 topic
  38. Yugoslavia63▲ 59×1 topic
  39. Rural Tourism60▲ 21×3 topics
  40. Leadership Emergence59▲ 47×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

North Macedonia has out-published Mali every year since 1995, when it overtook it.

still counting1k2k3kNorth Macedonia2,303 in 2025Mali378 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.020%0.040%North Macedonia0.039% in 2025Mali0.0064% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting10%20%Mali6.6% in 2025North Macedonia5.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Mali 05 level0 North Macedonia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Mali or North Macedonia?

North Macedonia publishes 4.1× as much research as Mali in 2022-now (7.9k against 1.9k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Mali or North Macedonia?

5.5% of North Macedonia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.0% for Mali.

Is Mali or North Macedonia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +25% against 2018-21 for North Macedonia, and +9% for Mali.

Which has more open access research, Mali or North Macedonia?

63% of North Macedonia's research is free to read, against 62% of Mali's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Mali or North Macedonia?

Mali holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and North Macedonia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

North Macedonia

  1. 1MIT University9.5% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2South East European University7.4% top 10% · 504 works
  3. 3Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts9.9% top 10% · 193 works
  4. 4Goce Delcev University2.8% top 10% · 684 works
  5. 5University "St. Kliment Ohridski" - Bitola5.2% top 10% · 505 works
  6. 6State University of Tetova4.9% top 10% · 350 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Mali

  1. 1 Samba Ousmane Sow #66,530 worldwide 20k citations · 379 works
  2. 2 Robert B. Zougmoré #67,997 worldwide 8.3k citations · 341 works
  3. 3 Ogobara K. Doumbo #80,129 worldwide 33k citations · 514 works
  4. 4 Boubou Tamboura #86,714 worldwide 10k citations · 63 works
  5. 5 Kassoum Kayentao #103,548 worldwide 9k citations · 217 works

North Macedonia

  1. 1 Kimet Jusufi #21,685 worldwide 6.4k citations · 174 works
  2. 2 Biljana Gjoneska #24,126 worldwide 3.9k citations · 166 works
  3. 3 Veland Ramadani #65,215 worldwide 6.8k citations · 361 works
  4. 4 Gadaf Rexhepi #213,078 worldwide 1.8k citations · 101 works
  5. 5 Sasko A. Kedev #225,524 worldwide 22k citations · 299 works