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Science in Türkiye

Türkiye ranks #17 of 192 countries on research quality in 2022–2025 (#28 all time), with 460k research works and 13.0% of them in the world's top 10%.

World rank, 2022–2025
#17
of 192 · #28 all time
Works, 2022–2025
460k
▲ 81% vs 2013–17
Top-10% rate
13.0%
record average 16.5%
In the world top 100
0
2 in the top 1,000
Open access
60%
world 63%

What is Türkiye strongest at in science?

On research quality in 2022–2025, Türkiye ranks highest in Education (#6 of 115), Social Sciences (#9 of 151) and Philosophy (#3 of 49). Relative to its size it is most specialised in Museology, Religious studies and Archeology.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorks
EducationSubfield #6 of 115 24.2%18,988 Institutions
Social SciencesField #9 of 151 17.4%69,805 Institutions
PhilosophySubfield #3 of 49 26.0%7,326 Institutions
Arts and HumanitiesField #7 of 106 16.3%38,941 Institutions
Economics and EconometricsSubfield #7 of 101 21.5%8,697 Institutions
Economics, Econometrics and FinanceField #8 of 110 19.6%11,825 Institutions
EnergyField #6 of 73 17.9%3,722 Institutions
Management Science and Operations ResearchSubfield #6 of 65 18.6%3,062 Institutions
Sociology and Political ScienceSubfield #12 of 122 15.6%18,550 Institutions
PollutionSubfield #6 of 60 16.3%1,686
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the EnvironmentSubfield #7 of 68 18.2%2,823 Institutions
Agricultural and Biological SciencesField #13 of 126 12.5%23,519 Institutions

Where its research is concentrated

Location quotient: how much more — or less — of each node it does than its size predicts. Drawn around 1×, where “twice the world share” and “half of it” are the same distance apart in opposite directions. A volume reading, which on a country axis is largely population and industrial structure.

  1. MuseologySubfield · 6,183.2 works11×
  2. Religious studiesSubfield · 4,028.4 works5.2×
  3. ArcheologySubfield · 321.4 works4.6×
  4. Life-span and Life-course StudiesSubfield · 346.0 works4.5×
  5. ForestrySubfield · 1,777.7 works3.7×
  6. PhilosophySubfield · 7,325.5 works3.7×
  7. Leadership and ManagementSubfield · 243.6 works3.4×
  8. General EnergySubfield · 415.3 works3.4×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1.08× its world share, 24k worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.73× its world share, 18k worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.70× its world share, 3,253 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.75× its world share, 5,606 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.79× its world share, 1,272 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.64× its world share, 1,031 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.84× its world share, 6,037 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.56× its world share, 20k worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.50× its world share, 3,637 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.88× its world share, 3,722 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.71× its world share, 49k worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.69× its world share, 16k worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.76× its world share, 12k worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.14× its world share, 6,176 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.49× its world share, 4,961 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 2.41× its world share, 5,380 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.09× its world share, 13k worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 1.11× its world share, 98k worksMedicineNursing: 1.50× its world share, 3,377 worksNursingVeterinary: 1.15× its world share, 716 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 2.93× its world share, 39k worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.99× its world share, 15k worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.09× its world share, 4,856 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.20× its world share, 12k worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 1.78× its world share, 25k worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 1.20× its world share, 70k worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Arts and Humanities, 2.9×. Every wedge is a field page.

Which keywords describe research in Türkiye?

By fractional works in 2022–2025, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Cultural Heritage, Mental Health, Sufism, Ottoman Empire, Ethnography, Student Perceptions, Professional Development and Epidemiology.

▲ more of its work than of the world’s◆ about the world’s share▼ less than the world’s

Size is fractional works in 2022–2025 in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this country's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Cultural Heritage20k▲ 8.0×39 topics
  2. Epidemiology20k◆ 1.08×140 topics
  3. Mental Health16k▲ 2.3×48 topics
  4. Education12k▲ 1.58×155 topics
  5. Sustainability12k◆ 1.10×136 topics
  6. Inflammation11k◆ 1.13×83 topics
  7. Qualitative Research8,526▲ 2.1×42 topics
  8. Teacher Training8,514▲ 3.0×30 topics
  9. Sufism8,385▲ 37×2 topics
  10. Meta-Analysis7,453▲ 2.8×21 topics
  11. Ottoman Empire7,080▲ 21×3 topics
  12. Public Policy7,023▲ 3.1×33 topics
  13. Professional Development6,970▲ 7.7×15 topics
  14. Ethnography6,945▲ 8.7×16 topics
  15. Student Perceptions6,859▲ 8.1×7 topics
  16. Distance Education6,752▲ 7.1×5 topics
  17. Learning6,436▲ 4.8×16 topics
  18. Teaching6,260▲ 11×11 topics
  19. Covid-19 Pandemic5,911▲ 9.4×4 topics
  20. Rituals5,892▲ 15×5 topics
  21. Storytelling5,865▲ 26×5 topics
  22. Mythology5,864▲ 25×3 topics
  23. Folklore5,860▲ 24×3 topics
  24. Teacher Perspectives5,860▲ 32×2 topics
  25. Metaphors5,858▲ 37×1 topic
  26. Traditional Beliefs5,778▲ 38×1 topic
  27. Turkish Culture5,778▲ 38×1 topic
  28. Therapy5,508▲ 6.1×8 topics
  29. Psychological Functioning5,458▲ 14×2 topics
  30. Content Analysis5,013▲ 8.7×8 topics
  31. Social Systems4,972▲ 19×5 topics
  32. Family Constellations4,904▲ 34×1 topic
  33. Genetic Processes4,904▲ 34×1 topic
  34. Divan Poetry4,686▲ 37×1 topic
  35. Turkish Literature4,686▲ 37×1 topic
  36. Quarantine4,598▲ 6.3×2 topics
  37. Educational Research4,473▲ 6.7×7 topics
  38. Theology3,856▲ 8.7×6 topics
  39. Bibliometric Analysis3,782▲ 15×4 topics
  40. Islamic Studies3,713▲ 27×2 topics

How many world-class institutions does Türkiye hold?

Average quality and elite capacity disagree by construction, and both are worth knowing: the first is decided by a country’s whole institution population, the second counts the institutions it holds at the top. One square per institution.

501st to 1,000th2

Bands are exclusive, so the squares add up to 2 — the institutions it holds in the world top 1,000 — and not to four times it.

Which universities in Türkiye lead research?

Gazi University, Atatürk University and Koç University rank highest in Türkiye on research quality in 2022–2025.

0%10%20%mean 14.5%fractional works (log) →share in the world top 10% →Gazi University: 6,226, 15.8%Atatürk University: 7,373, 14.9%Koç University: 3,087, 18.0%Sakarya University: 5,734, 15.2%Ankara University: 9,100, 12.9%Hacettepe University: 10k, 13.4%Istanbul Technical University: 7,361, 15.8%Akdeniz University: 4,225, 16.1%Yıldız Technical University: 5,355, 17.8%Erciyes University: 4,295, 15.2%Istanbul University: 7,710, 11.3%Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi: 5,228, 12.4%Harran University: 3,137, 14.2%Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi: 4,540, 11.8%Ondokuz Mayıs University: 5,761, 12.7%Koç UniversityGazi UniversitySakarya UniversityAtatürk University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per institution in the list below. The upper left is the interesting corner.

  1. 1Gazi UniversityUniversity · Ankara · #848 worldwide15.8% top 10% · 6.2k works
  2. 2Atatürk UniversityUniversity · Erzurum · #887 worldwide14.9% top 10% · 7.4k works
  3. 3Koç UniversityUniversity · Istanbul · #1,010 worldwide18.0% top 10% · 3.1k works
  4. 4Sakarya UniversityUniversity · Adapazarı · #1,055 worldwide15.2% top 10% · 5.7k works
  5. 5Ankara UniversityUniversity · Ankara · #1,069 worldwide12.9% top 10% · 9.1k works
  6. 6Hacettepe UniversityUniversity · Ankara · #1,090 worldwide13.4% top 10% · 10k works
  7. 7Istanbul Technical UniversityUniversity · Istanbul · #1,110 worldwide15.8% top 10% · 7.4k works
  8. 8Akdeniz UniversityUniversity · Antalya · #1,116 worldwide16.1% top 10% · 4.2k works
  9. 9Yıldız Technical UniversityUniversity · Istanbul · #1,245 worldwide17.8% top 10% · 5.4k works
  10. 10Erciyes UniversityUniversity · Kayseri · #1,389 worldwide15.2% top 10% · 4.3k works
  11. 11Istanbul UniversityUniversity · Istanbul · #1,424 worldwide11.3% top 10% · 7.7k works
  12. 12Sivas Cumhuriyet ÜniversitesiUniversity · Sivas · #1,435 worldwide12.4% top 10% · 5.2k works
  13. 13Harran UniversityUniversity · Sanliurfa · #1,454 worldwide14.2% top 10% · 3.1k works
  14. 14Van Yüzüncü Yıl ÜniversitesiUniversity · Van · #1,476 worldwide11.8% top 10% · 4.5k works
  15. 15Ondokuz Mayıs UniversityUniversity · Samsun · #1,516 worldwide12.7% top 10% · 5.8k works

The track on each row is its top-10% rate; the tick is the world’s rate in this record, 16.5% — teal above it, red below.

All ranked institutions in Türkiye

Who are the top researchers in Türkiye?

Ayhan Demirbaş, Bülent Görenek and Ramazan Akdemir rank highest among researchers based in Türkiye.

  1. 1 Ayhan Demirbaş · #2,406 worldwide 2.6k citations · 97 works
  2. 2 Bülent Görenek · #4,571 worldwide 1.8k citations · 62 works
  3. 3 Ramazan Akdemir · #5,313 worldwide 776 citations · 65 works
  4. 4 Mustafa Özgüroğlu · #8,073 worldwide 1k citations · 80 works
  5. 5 İlkay Erdoğan Orhan · #8,104 worldwide 923 citations · 68 works
  6. 6 X. T. Meng · #10,312 worldwide 1.7k citations · 106 works
  7. 7 Aylin Yı́ldı́rı́r · #10,719 worldwide 927 citations · 49 works
  8. 8 Gözde Ünal · #10,871 worldwide 1.3k citations · 49 works
  9. 9 Gülçin Büyüközkan · #12,354 worldwide 968 citations · 71 works
  10. 10 B. Parida · #12,500 worldwide 1.1k citations · 73 works
Top researchers in Türkiye

Which cities in Türkiye are research hubs?

  1. 1 Istanbul Türkiye 310k works
  2. 2 Ankara Türkiye 268k works
  3. 3 Izmir Türkiye 83k works
  4. 4 Konya Türkiye 39k works
  5. 5 Eskişehir Türkiye 31k works
  6. 6 Erzurum Türkiye 28k works
  7. 7 Bursa Türkiye 23k works
  8. 8 Adana Türkiye 23k works
  9. 9 Antalya Türkiye 22k works
  10. 10 Samsun Türkiye 22k works
  11. 11 Kayseri Türkiye 22k works
  12. 12 Adapazarı Türkiye 18k works

How much of it is in the largest

The same cities as shares of everything these twelve account for.

Istanbul: 34.9%Ankara: 30.2%Izmir: 9.3%Konya: 4.4%8 others listed: 21.2%35%largest
Istanbul310k · 34.9%Ankara268k · 30.2%Izmir83k · 9.3%Konya39k · 4.4%8 others listed188k · 21.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

How open and international is Türkiye's research?

60% of its research is openly available (world: 40%), and 11% is written with international co-authors (world: 18%).

openly available60.2%not open39.8%

World: 63% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors11.5%domestic only88.5%

World: 22% is written across borders.

How has Türkiye's research grown?

Output in 2018–2022 was 81% higher than in 2013–2017.

1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Research fields in Türkiye