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Research facility · Oslo · Norway

Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

In research, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment stands highest in Physical Sciences (#5,436 of 10,670 worldwide) and Engineering (#5,058 of 5,901 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Aerospace Engineering and Earth and Planetary Sciences (Aerospace Engineering is 10.9× its share of world research).

ffi.noROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#10,559
of 22,385 · #10,420 all time
Rank in Norway
#60
of 123
Research works
2.5k
▼ 11% vs 2018-21
Citations
60k
24.2 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
8.7%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.95×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
18%
world 40%
International
15%
world 18%
Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

What is Norwegian Defence Research Establishment known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Physical SciencesDomain #5,436 of 10,670 4.4%145 #8209
EngineeringField #5,058 of 5,901 3.9%65 #4443

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Norwegian Defence Research Establishment sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Norwegian Defence Research Establishment work in?

In 2022-now, 69% of research at Norwegian Defence Research Establishment is in Physical Sciences, 23% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Engineering (31%), Computer Science (14%), Social Sciences (13%). It does 1.8× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 153 fractional works · 69.3% of its workEngineering: 69 fractional works · 31.3% of its workAerospace Engineering: 28 fractional works · 12.7% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 9 fractional works · 4.1% of its workOcean Engineering: 9 fractional works · 3.9% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 7 fractional works · 3.3% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 3 fractional works · 1.5% of its workComputational Mechanics: 3 fractional works · 1.3% of its workMechanics of Materials: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.9% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMedia Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMechanical Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBuilding and Construction: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science: 31 fractional works · 14.1% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 8 fractional works · 3.5% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 8 fractional works · 3.5% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 8 fractional works · 3.4% of its workSignal Processing: 4 fractional works · 1.8% of its workInformation Systems: 3 fractional works · 1.4% of its workHardware and Architecture: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSoftware: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 23 fractional works · 10.3% of its workOceanography: 12 fractional works · 5.5% of its workAtmospheric Science: 8 fractional works · 3.7% of its workGeology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeophysics: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 13 fractional works · 5.8% of its workEcology: 3 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 2 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPollution: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 8 fractional works · 3.8% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 4 fractional works · 2.0% of its workNuclear and High Energy Physics: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workInstrumentation: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemistry: 3 fractional works · 1.4% of its workSpectroscopy: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workInorganic Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAnalytical Chemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workMaterials Science: 3 fractional works · 1.2% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEnergy: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workMathematics: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workStatistics and Probability: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workChemical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workSocial Sciences: 51 fractional works · 22.9% of its workSocial Sciences: 29 fractional works · 13.0% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 12 fractional works · 5.4% of its workSociology and Political Science: 11 fractional works · 4.9% of its workSafety Research: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workCommunication: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workArcheology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEducation: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDemography: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workGender Studies: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAnthropology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 9 fractional works · 4.1% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 6 fractional works · 2.7% of its workStatistics, Probability and Uncertainty: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 4 fractional works · 2.0% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 4 fractional works · 1.7% of its workFinance: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 4 fractional works · 2.0% of its workManagement Information Systems: 2 fractional works · 1.0% of its workStrategy and Management: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 3 fractional works · 1.2% of its workSocial Psychology: 2 fractional works · 1.1% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Sciences: 10 fractional works · 4.7% of its workMedicine: 9 fractional works · 3.9% of its workOphthalmology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhysiology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSurgery: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRehabilitation: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workInfectious Diseases: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 1.0% of its workHealth Professions: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workRadiological and Ultrasound Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNursing: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 7 fractional works · 3.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 4 fractional works · 2.0% of its workMolecular Biology: 3 fractional works · 1.3% of its workCell Biology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNeuroscience: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workCellular and Molecular Neuroscience: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMicrobiology: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKNorwegian DefenceResearch…221fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences3%Physical Sciences69%Health Sciences5%Social Sciences23%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 23 fields, with their numbers
    1. Engineering6931.3%
    2. Computer Science3114.1%
    3. Earth and Planetary Sciences2310.3%
    4. Environmental Science135.8%
    5. Physics and Astronomy83.8%
    6. Chemistry31.4%
    7. Materials Science31.2%
    8. Energy10.7%
    9. Mathematics10.6%
    10. Chemical Engineering00.1%
    1. Social Sciences2913.0%
    2. Decision Sciences94.1%
    3. Economics, Econometrics and Finance42.0%
    4. Business, Management and Accounting42.0%
    5. Psychology31.2%
    6. Arts and Humanities10.6%
    1. Medicine93.9%
    2. Health Professions10.7%
    3. Nursing00.1%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology42.0%
    2. Neuroscience10.5%
    3. Agricultural and Biological Sciences10.4%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology10.4%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does Norwegian Defence Research Establishment specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Aerospace Engineering takes 10.9× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. Aerospace EngineeringSubfield · 28.1 works11×
  2. Earth and Planetary SciencesField · 22.7 works6.6×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.07× its world share, 1 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.38× its world share, 4 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.35× its world share, 1 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.29× its world share, 1 worksNeuroscienceChemical Engineering: 0.36× its world share, 0 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.88× its world share, 3 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.81× its world share, 31 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 6.56× its world share, 23 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.71× its world share, 1 worksEnergyEngineering: 2.09× its world share, 69 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.16× its world share, 13 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.36× its world share, 3 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.55× its world share, 1 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 1.70× its world share, 8 worksPhysics and AstronomyHealth Professions: 0.25× its world share, 2 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.20× its world share, 8 worksMedicineNursing: 0.31× its world share, 0 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.21× its world share, 1 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.62× its world share, 4 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 4.20× its world share, 9 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.93× its world share, 4 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.40× its world share, 3 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 1.03× its world share, 29 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Earth and Planetary Sciences, 6.6×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 23 fields, with their numbers
  1. Earth and Planetary Sciences6.56×23 works
  2. Decision Sciences4.20×9 works
  3. Engineering2.09×69 works
  4. Computer Science1.81×31 works
  5. Physics and Astronomy1.70×8 works
  6. Environmental Science1.16×13 works
  7. Social Sciences1.03×29 works
  8. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.93×4 works
  9. Chemistry0.88×3 works
  10. Energy0.71×1 works
  11. Business, Management and Accounting0.62×4 works
  12. Mathematics0.55×1 works
  13. Psychology0.40×3 works
  14. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.38×4 works
  15. Chemical Engineering0.36×0 works
  16. Materials Science0.36×3 works
  17. Immunology and Microbiology0.35×1 works
  18. Nursing0.31×0 works
  19. Neuroscience0.29×1 works
  20. Health Professions0.25×2 works
  21. Arts and Humanities0.21×1 works
  22. Medicine0.20×8 works
  23. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.07×1 works

Who are the top researchers at Norwegian Defence Research Establishment?

Ranked on the quality score, Petter Helgevold Kvadsheim, Lars Kleivane and Frode Fonnum lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Norwegian Defence Research Establishment.

  1. 1 Petter Helgevold Kvadsheim Norway · #951,488 worldwide 2k citations · 90 works
  2. 2 Lars Kleivane Norway · #1,164,841 worldwide 1.7k citations · 61 works
  3. 3 Frode Fonnum Norway · #1,260,683 worldwide 24k citations · 347 works
  4. 4 Arne Bøyum Norway · #1,694,661 worldwide 24k citations · 60 works
  5. 5 Ivar Walaas Norway · #1,804,888 worldwide 1.9k citations · 22 works
  6. 6 Thomas Hegghammer Norway · #2,053,809 worldwide 2.4k citations · 127 works
  7. 7 Svein Martini Norway · #2,273,684 worldwide 1k citations · 35 works
  8. 8 Marius Dybwad Norway · #2,307,942 worldwide 1.5k citations · 50 works
  9. 9 Kenneth Gade Norway · #2,355,461 worldwide 872 citations · 22 works
  10. 10 Kristian Åtland Norway · #2,435,910 worldwide 540 citations · 32 works
All ranked researchers at Norwegian Defence Research Establishment

What are the most cited papers from Norwegian Defence Research Establishment?

The most cited paper from Norwegian Defence Research Establishment is "A rapid radiochemical method for the determination of choline acetyltransferase" (Frode Fonnum, 1975), with 2,403 citations. Next come "Glutamate: A Neurotransmitter in Mammalian Brain" (1,999) and "Isolation of Lymphocytes, Granulocytes and Macrophages" (1,604).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 A rapid radiochemical method for the determination of choline acetyltransferase Frode Fonnum · Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 1975 2,403
2 Glutamate: A Neurotransmitter in Mammalian Brain Frode Fonnum · Journal of Neurochemistry 1984 1,999
3 Isolation of Lymphocytes, Granulocytes and Macrophages Arne Bøyum · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology Dec 1976 1,604
4 The D alton quantum chemistry program system Kęstutis Aidas et al. · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational Molecular Science Open access 23 Sep 2013 1,523
5 Cloning and expression of a rat brain L-glutamate transporter Gilia Pines, Niels Christian Danbolt, Magnar Bjørås et al. · Nature 3 Dec 1992 1,240
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Norwegian Defence Research Establishment?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Machine Learning, Acoustic Techniques, Seafloor Mapping, Remote Sensing, Climate Change, Deep Learning, Signal Processing and Arctic.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning20▲ 2.7×22 topics
  2. Deep Learning16▲ 2.1×25 topics
  3. Climate Change15▲ 2.5×22 topics
  4. Remote Sensing12▲ 4.5×17 topics
  5. Acoustic Techniques11▲ 156×1 topic
  6. Seafloor Mapping11▲ 156×1 topic
  7. Signal Processing7▲ 23×2 topics
  8. Arctic7▲ 28×4 topics
  9. Detection6▲ 9.9×3 topics
  10. Collision Avoidance6▲ 15×4 topics
  11. Convolutional Neural Networks6▲ 3.8×5 topics
  12. Path Planning6▲ 21×3 topics
  13. International Relations6▲ 10×7 topics
  14. Wireless Sensor Networks5▲ 5.3×5 topics
  15. Autonomous Vehicles5▲ 11×4 topics
  16. Ocean Circulation5▲ 16×3 topics
  17. Geopolitics5▲ 14×4 topics
  18. Decision Making4▲ 6.8×2 topics
  19. Global Governance4▲ 8.2×5 topics
  20. Acoustic Communications4▲ 45×1 topic
  21. Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks4▲ 45×1 topic
  22. International Law4▲ 5.9×4 topics
  23. Decline4▲ 65×1 topic
  24. MIMO Radar4▲ 51×2 topics
  25. Sea Ice4▲ 65×1 topic
  26. Beamforming4▲ 17×4 topics
  27. Micro-Doppler Effect4▲ 60×1 topic
  28. Multi-Agent Systems4▲ 9.0×3 topics
  29. Synthetic Aperture Radar4▲ 60×1 topic
  30. Resource Allocation4▲ 9.0×5 topics
  31. Information Warfare3▲ 45×2 topics
  32. Human Factors3▲ 19×2 topics
  33. Optimal Motion Planning3▲ 20×1 topic
  34. Sampling-Based Algorithms3▲ 20×1 topic
  35. Cognitive Radar3▲ 58×1 topic
  36. Infrared3▲ 47×1 topic
  37. Small Target3▲ 47×1 topic
  38. Waveform Design3▲ 38×1 topic
  39. Autonomous Systems3▲ 53×2 topics
  40. Data Assimilation3▲ 8.5×3 topics

Which research topics does Norwegian Defence Research Establishment publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Underwater Acoustics Research, Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems, Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics and Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques.

Underwater Acoustics Res…11Underwater Acoustics Research: 11 fractional worksUnderwater Vehicles and Communication Systems: 4 fractional worksArctic and Antarctic ice dynamics: 4 fractional worksAdvanced SAR Imaging Techniques: 4 fractional worksRobotic Path Planning Algorithms: 3 fractional worksInfrared Target Detection Methodologies: 3 fractional worksRadar Systems and Signal…3Radar Systems and Signal Processing: 3 fractional worksMilitary Strategy and Technology: 3 fractional worksSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques: 2 fractional worksRisk and Safety Analysis: 2 fractional works
OceanographyOcean EngineeringAtmospheric ScienceAerospace Engineering3 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Underwater Acoustics Research Oceanography 11 works
  2. 2 Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems Ocean Engineering 4 works
  3. 3 Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics Atmospheric Science 4 works
  4. 4 Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques Aerospace Engineering 4 works
  5. 5 Robotic Path Planning Algorithms Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 3 works
  6. 6 Infrared Target Detection Methodologies Aerospace Engineering 3 works
  7. 7 Radar Systems and Signal Processing Aerospace Engineering 3 works
  8. 8 Military Strategy and Technology Control and Systems Engineering 3 works
  9. 9 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques Aerospace Engineering 2 works
  10. 10 Risk and Safety Analysis Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty 2 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available18.3%not open81.7%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors14.9%domestic only85.1%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Norwegian Defence Research Establishment's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 11% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Norwegian Defence Research Establishment as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.00091% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Norwegian Defence Research Establishment0.00079% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Norwegian Defence Research Establishment over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%all institutions10.0% in 2025Norwegian Defence Research Establishment7.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 17.0% in 2013.

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