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Company · Tokyo · Japan

Rakuten (Japan)

In research, Rakuten (Japan) stands highest in Physical Sciences (#8,115 of 10,670 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Intelligence is 7.7× its share of world research).

global.rakuten.com/enROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#14,816
of 22,385 · #21,010 all time
Rank in Japan
#431
of 924
Research works
316
▲ 13% vs 2018-21
Citations
2.8k
9.0 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
7.7%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
1.03×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
42%
world 40%
International
26%
world 18%
Rakuten (Japan)

What is Rakuten (Japan) known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Physical SciencesDomain #8,115 of 10,670 6.4%75 #12555

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Rakuten (Japan) sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Rakuten (Japan) work in?

In 2022-now, 73% of research at Rakuten (Japan) is in Physical Sciences, 15% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Computer Science (50%), Engineering (15%), Medicine (7%). It does 1.8× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 79 fractional works · 73.0% of its workComputer Science: 54 fractional works · 49.7% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 20 fractional works · 18.6% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 11 fractional works · 10.3% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 11 fractional works · 9.8% of its workInformation Systems: 6 fractional works · 5.3% of its workSignal Processing: 3 fractional works · 2.4% of its workHuman-Computer Interaction: 2 fractional works · 2.0% of its workHardware and Architecture: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSoftware: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputer Science Applications: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEngineering: 17 fractional works · 15.3% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 6 fractional works · 5.3% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 4 fractional works · 3.9% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 2 fractional works · 1.5% of its workAerospace Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMechanical Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workBuilding and Construction: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOcean Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMedia Technology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 3 fractional works · 2.9% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 3 fractional works · 2.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 2 fractional works · 2.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 2 fractional works · 1.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMathematics: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workModeling and Simulation: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSpectroscopy: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMaterials Science: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSocial Sciences: 16 fractional works · 14.8% of its workSocial Sciences: 7 fractional works · 6.7% of its workTransportation: 3 fractional works · 2.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 1 fractional works · 1.1% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workLaw: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAnthropology: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeography, Planning and Development: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 4 fractional works · 3.4% of its workMarketing: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workBusiness and International Management: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workManagement Information Systems: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAccounting: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 2 fractional works · 1.5% of its workSocial Psychology: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workArts and Humanities: 1 fractional works · 1.2% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workArcheology: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workFinance: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDecision Sciences: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 1 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 10 fractional works · 8.8% of its workMedicine: 8 fractional works · 7.3% of its workEpidemiology: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSurgery: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOncology: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workInfectious Diseases: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workDermatology: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNephrology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOtorhinolaryngology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNursing: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workHealth Professions: 1 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth Information Management: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDentistry: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 4 fractional works · 3.4% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 2 fractional works · 1.7% of its workPlant Science: 1 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workFood Science: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1 fractional works · 1.3% of its workMolecular Biology: 1 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workImmunology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workNeuroscience: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workALL ITS WORKRakuten (Japan)109fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences3%Physical Sciences73%Health Sciences9%Social Sciences15%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 23 fields, with their numbers
    1. Computer Science5449.7%
    2. Engineering1715.3%
    3. Physics and Astronomy32.9%
    4. Environmental Science22.1%
    5. Mathematics11.0%
    6. Chemistry10.9%
    7. Materials Science10.8%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences00.3%
    1. Social Sciences76.7%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting43.4%
    3. Psychology21.5%
    4. Arts and Humanities11.2%
    5. Economics, Econometrics and Finance11.0%
    6. Decision Sciences10.9%
    1. Medicine87.3%
    2. Nursing10.9%
    3. Health Professions10.6%
    4. Dentistry00.1%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences21.7%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology11.3%
    3. Immunology and Microbiology00.3%
    4. Neuroscience00.1%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics00.0%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does Rakuten (Japan) specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Artificial Intelligence takes 7.7× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. Artificial IntelligenceSubfield · 20.2 works7.7×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.36× its world share, 2 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.24× its world share, 1 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.29× its world share, 0 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.05× its world share, 0 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.08× its world share, 0 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemistry: 0.58× its world share, 1 worksChemistryComputer Science: 6.39× its world share, 54 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.19× its world share, 0 worksEarth and Planetary …Engineering: 1.02× its world share, 17 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.43× its world share, 2 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.22× its world share, 1 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.83× its world share, 1 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 1.28× its world share, 3 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.12× its world share, 0 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.23× its world share, 1 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.38× its world share, 8 worksMedicineNursing: 1.88× its world share, 1 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.42× its world share, 1 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 1.06× its world share, 4 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 0.95× its world share, 1 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.47× its world share, 1 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.49× its world share, 2 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.53× its world share, 7 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Computer Science, 6.4×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 23 fields, with their numbers
  1. Computer Science6.39×54 works
  2. Nursing1.88×1 works
  3. Physics and Astronomy1.28×3 works
  4. Business, Management and Accounting1.06×4 works
  5. Engineering1.02×17 works
  6. Decision Sciences0.95×1 works
  7. Mathematics0.83×1 works
  8. Chemistry0.58×1 works
  9. Social Sciences0.53×7 works
  10. Psychology0.49×2 works
  11. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.47×1 works
  12. Environmental Science0.43×2 works
  13. Arts and Humanities0.42×1 works
  14. Medicine0.38×8 works
  15. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.36×2 works
  16. Immunology and Microbiology0.29×0 works
  17. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.24×1 works
  18. Health Professions0.23×1 works
  19. Materials Science0.22×1 works
  20. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.19×0 works
  21. Dentistry0.12×0 works
  22. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.08×0 works
  23. Neuroscience0.05×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Rakuten (Japan)?

Ranked on the quality score, Björn Stenger, Ali Cevahir and Leon Wong lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Rakuten (Japan).

  1. 1 Björn Stenger Japan · #145,243 worldwide 6.4k citations · 134 works
  2. 2 Ali Cevahir Japan · #2,290,887 worldwide 227 citations · 24 works
  3. 3 Leon Wong Japan · #2,725,860 worldwide 498 citations · 28 works
  4. 4 Yu Hirate Japan · #2,747,984 worldwide 151 citations · 20 works
  5. 5 Karl Münch Japan · #2,888,948 worldwide 72 citations · 23 works
  6. 6 Adiyan Mujibiya Japan · #2,891,121 worldwide 231 citations · 18 works
  7. 7 Keiji Shinzato Japan · #3,292,222 worldwide 288 citations · 30 works
  8. 8 Yeongnam Chae Japan · #4,245,019 worldwide 86 citations · 22 works
  9. 9 Mitsuru Nakazawa Japan · #4,261,837 worldwide 262 citations · 46 works
  10. 10 Kelvin Cheng Japan · #4,369,230 worldwide 416 citations · 66 works
All ranked researchers at Rakuten (Japan)

What are the most cited papers from Rakuten (Japan)?

The most cited paper from Rakuten (Japan) is "Direct measurement of the Zak phase in topological Bloch bands" (Marcos Atala, Monika Aidelsburger, Julio T. Barreiro et al., 2013), with 1,062 citations. Next come "Reductive lignocellulose fractionation into soluble lignin-derived phenolic monomers and dimers and processable carbohydrate pulps" (907) and "Ultra-High-Definition Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Benchmark and Transformer-Based Method" (520).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Direct measurement of the Zak phase in topological Bloch bands Marcos Atala, Monika Aidelsburger, Julio T. Barreiro et al. · Nature Physics Open access 3 Nov 2013 1,062
2 Reductive lignocellulose fractionation into soluble lignin-derived phenolic monomers and dimers and processable carbohydrate pulps Sander Van den Bosch, Wouter Schutyser, Ruben Vanholme et al. · Energy & Environmental Science Open access 2015 907
3 Ultra-High-Definition Low-Light Image Enhancement: A Benchmark and Transformer-Based Method Tao Wang, Kaihao Zhang, Tianrun Shen et al. · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence Conference paperOpen access 26 Jun 2023 520
4 Deblurring by Realistic Blurring Kaihao Zhang, Wenhan Luo, Yiran Zhong et al. Conference paper Jun 2020 454
5 Deep Image Deblurring: A Survey Kaihao Zhang, Wenqi Ren, Wenhan Luo et al. · International Journal of Computer Vision 25 Jun 2022 389
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Rakuten (Japan)?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Information Retrieval, Text Classification, Machine Learning, 5G Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks and Topic Modeling.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning18▲ 4.7×39 topics
  2. Neural Networks13▲ 7.9×21 topics
  3. Machine Learning10▲ 2.6×27 topics
  4. Information Retrieval7▲ 29×3 topics
  5. Text Classification6▲ 32×2 topics
  6. Energy Efficiency5▲ 4.7×9 topics
  7. Convolutional Neural Networks4▲ 5.5×9 topics
  8. 5G Networks4▲ 19×4 topics
  9. Topic Modeling4▲ 22×2 topics
  10. Machine Translation4▲ 20×1 topic
  11. Word Representation4▲ 27×1 topic
  12. Artificial Intelligence4▲ 2.2×10 topics
  13. Network Dynamics3▲ 30×3 topics
  14. Big Data3▲ 3.0×10 topics
  15. Neural Machine Translation3▲ 31×1 topic
  16. Security3▲ 4.3×9 topics
  17. Statistical Machine Translation3▲ 31×1 topic
  18. Feature Selection3▲ 12×4 topics
  19. Travel Behavior3▲ 29×2 topics
  20. Text Mining3▲ 18×3 topics
  21. GPS Data2▲ 64×1 topic
  22. Human Mobility2▲ 64×1 topic
  23. Social Influence2▲ 11×2 topics
  24. Wireless Networks2▲ 15×3 topics
  25. Channel Modeling2▲ 18×3 topics
  26. Security and Privacy2▲ 12×2 topics
  27. Complex Networks2▲ 34×2 topics
  28. Distributed Systems2▲ 12×5 topics
  29. Health Monitoring2▲ 9.8×3 topics
  30. Synchronization2▲ 17×2 topics
  31. Wearable Sensors2▲ 18×3 topics
  32. Human-Robot Interaction2▲ 16×3 topics
  33. Multi-label Learning2▲ 64×1 topic
  34. Naive Bayes Classifier2▲ 22×1 topic
  35. Opinion Mining2▲ 33×1 topic
  36. Sentiment Analysis2▲ 16×1 topic
  37. Service Robots2▲ 18×2 topics
  38. Community Structure2▲ 18×1 topic
  39. Network Virtualization2▲ 41×1 topic
  40. Software-Defined Networking2▲ 41×1 topic

Which research topics does Rakuten (Japan) publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Topic Modeling, Natural Language Processing Techniques, Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis and Text and Document Classification Technologies.

Topic Modeling4Topic Modeling: 4 fractional worksNatural Language Processing Techniques: 3 fractional worksHuman Mobility and Locat…2Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis: 2 fractional worksText and Document Classi…2Text and Document Classification Technologies: 2 fractional worksSentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining: 2 fractional worksSoftware-Defined Networks and 5G: 2 fractional worksComplex Network Analysis…2Complex Network Analysis Techniques: 2 fractional worksNeural Networks Stability and Synchronization: 2 fractional worksWeb Data Mining and Analysis: 1 fractional worksAI in Service Interactions: 1 fractional works
Artificial IntelligenceTransportationComputer Networks and CommunicationsStatistical and Nonlinear Physics1 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Topic Modeling Artificial Intelligence 4 works
  2. 2 Natural Language Processing Techniques Artificial Intelligence 3 works
  3. 3 Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis Transportation 2 works
  4. 4 Text and Document Classification Technologies Artificial Intelligence 2 works
  5. 5 Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining Artificial Intelligence 2 works
  6. 6 Software-Defined Networks and 5G Computer Networks and Communications 2 works
  7. 7 Complex Network Analysis Techniques Statistical and Nonlinear Physics 2 works
  8. 8 Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization Computer Networks and Communications 2 works
  9. 9 Web Data Mining and Analysis Information Systems 1 works
  10. 10 AI in Service Interactions Artificial Intelligence 1 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available41.9%not open58.1%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors26.2%domestic only73.8%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Rakuten (Japan)'s research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 13% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Rakuten (Japan) as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.00039% in 2024.

still counting0.00025%0.00050%0.00075%Rakuten (Japan)0.00037% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Rakuten (Japan) over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting5%10%15%Rakuten (Japan)10.8% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 20252020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 10.8% in 2025.

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Rakuten (Japan) on Science Explorer

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