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Topic · Water Science and Technology

Fluoride Effects and Removal

Fluoride Effects and Removal is a research topic within Water Science and Technology. Science Explorer counts 16k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the contamination of drinking water by fluoride and various methods for its removal, including adsorption and defluoridation. The papers cover topics such as fluoride toxicity, environmental impact, groundwater contamination, health effects, and the use of different materials and technologies for removing fluoride from water.

  • Fluoride
  • Drinking Water
  • Defluoridation
  • Adsorption
  • Toxicity
  • Groundwater
  • Removal
  • Health Effects
  • Sorption
  • Environmental Impact
Research works
16k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.6k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+25%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
42% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Fluoride Effects and Removal

Which countries lead Fluoride Effects and Removal research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (1k and 536 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1k works
  2. 2 India 536 works
  3. 3 United States 396 works
  4. 4 Brazil 111 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 69 works
  6. 6 South Korea 65 works
  7. 7 Mexico 65 works
  8. 8 Iran 62 works
  9. 9 Türkiye 62 works
  10. 10 Japan 60 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 41.6%India: 21.9%United States: 16.2%Brazil: 4.5%6 others listed: 15.7%42%largest
China1,016 · 41.6%India536 · 21.9%United States396 · 16.2%Brazil111 · 4.5%6 others listed383 · 15.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Fluoride Effects and Removal research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Fluoride Effects and Removal research, followed by Guiyang Medical University and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 42 works
  2. 2 Guiyang Medical UniversityChina 18 works
  3. 3 Council of Scientific and Industrial ResearchIndia 17 works
  4. 4 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 17 works
  5. 5 Tongji UniversityChina 15 works
  6. 6 Zhengzhou UniversityChina 14 works
  7. 7 Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 14 works
  8. 8 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 14 works
  9. 9 Central South UniversityChina 13 works
  10. 10 China University of Geosciences (Beijing)China 13 works

Who are the leading researchers in Fluoride Effects and Removal?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Fluoride Effects and Removal include Walter Churchill Willett, Julian P. T. Higgins and Cyrus Cooper.

  1. 1 Walter Churchill Willett United States 411k citations
  2. 2 Julian P. T. Higgins United Kingdom 390k citations
  3. 3 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  4. 4 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  5. 5 Penny F. Whiting United Kingdom 264k citations
  6. 6 Roger Chou United States 248k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Fluoride Effects and Removal?

The most cited paper in Fluoride Effects and Removal is "Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents—A critical review" (Dinesh Mohan, Charles U. Pittman, 2007), with 3,544 citations. Next come "Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions" (2,057) and "Half-Life of Serum Elimination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate,Perfluorohexanesulfonate, and Perfluorooctanoate in Retired Fluorochemical Production Workers" (2,048).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Arsenic removal from water/wastewater using adsorbents—A critical review Dinesh Mohan, Charles U. Pittman · Journal of Hazardous Materials 8 Jan 2007 3,544
2 Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions Xiaofei Tan, Yunguo Liu, Guangming Zeng et al. · Chemosphere 21 Jan 2015 2,057
3 Half-Life of Serum Elimination of Perfluorooctanesulfonate,Perfluorohexanesulfonate, and Perfluorooctanoate in Retired Fluorochemical Production Workers Geary W. Olsen, Jean M. Burris, David J. Ehresman et al. · Environmental Health Perspectives Open access 11 Jun 2007 2,048
4 HISTOCHEMICAL METHODS FOR ACID PHOSPHATASE USING HEXAZONIUM PARAROSANILIN AS COUPLER Tibor Barka, Paul J. Anderson · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry Open access Nov 1962 1,583
5 Advances in water treatment by adsorption technology Imran Ali, Vinod Kumar Gupta · Nature Protocols Dec 2006 1,530
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Fluoride Effects and Removal research done?

The largest centres of Fluoride Effects and Removal research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Nanjing (China), Wuhan (China) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Jaipur and Guiyang.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 163 works
  2. 2 NanjingChina 60 works
  3. 3 WuhanChina 50 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 43 works
  5. 5 Xi'anChina 35 works
  6. 6 GuangzhouChina 32 works
  7. 7 GuiyangChina 32 works
  8. 8 ChennaiIndia 30 works
  9. 9 HangzhouChina 27 works
  10. 10 SeoulSouth Korea 27 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. JaipurIN · 22.4 works7.2×
  2. GuiyangCN · 31.5 works6.9×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Fluoride Effects and Removal than the world average.

See Fluoride Effects and Removal on the map

Where is the best place to study Fluoride Effects and Removal?

Among universities, judged by research, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Tongji University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 16.91%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Shanghai Jiao Tong U…Tongji UniversityChina University of …University of Hong K…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1China University of Geosciences (Beijing)China 76.419.7%14.6×13 +34.7%
2Tongji UniversityChina 72.021.5%3.2×15 +57.9%
3Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 65.827.1%1.4×12 +65.4%
4University of Hong KongChina 64.314.0%3.7×10 +10.4%
5China University of GeosciencesChina 59.220.0%8.3×11 -24.8%
6Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 56.814.1%8.2×14 +400.1%
7Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyChina 52.415.0%10.9×10 +29.2%
8Central South UniversityChina 50.614.5%2.3×13 +8.4%
9King Saud UniversitySaudi Arabia 48.315.2%3.2×9 +82.4%
10Zhengzhou UniversityChina 43.58.0%3.9×14 +120.4%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Fluoride Effects and Removal, country by country

Is Fluoride Effects and Removal research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 25% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Fluoride Effects and Removal.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Fluoride Effects and Removal as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.012% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Fluoride Effects and Removal0.015% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Fluoride Effects and Removal over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Fluoride Effects and Removal10.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Questions people ask

How much research is there on fluoride, and is it growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 25% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Fluoride Effects and Removal.

Is Fluoride Effects and Removal research growing?
All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

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