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Medical and Biological Sciences

Medical and Biological Sciences is a research topic within Anatomy. Science Explorer counts 31k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the evolution, usage, and controversies surrounding anatomical nomenclature, including the debate over the use of eponyms, the influence of Latin and Greek terminology, the importance of Terminologia Anatomica, and the role of histology and histochemistry in morphological analysis. It also discusses the need for global uniformity in scientific publications and highlights the challenges and inconsistencies in anatomical terminology in clinical practice.

  • Anatomical Nomenclature
  • Eponyms
  • Medical Terminology
  • Terminologia Anatomica
  • Histology
  • Neuroanatomy
  • Latin and Greek Terminology
  • Scientific Publications
  • Morphological Analysis
  • Histochemistry
Research works
31k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
3.1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-10%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
Ukraine
29% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Medical and Biological Sciences

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Medical and Biological Sciences research?

By volume, Ukraine and Russia publish the most (1.1k and 1.1k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Ukraine 1.1k works
  2. 2 Russia 1.1k works
  3. 3 United States 628 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 200 works
  5. 5 China 193 works
  6. 6 Uzbekistan 182 works
  7. 7 France 166 works
  8. 8 India 163 works
  9. 9 Germany 103 works
  10. 10 Italy 82 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Ukraine: 28.9%Russia: 27.9%United States: 15.8%United Kingdom: 5.0%6 others listed: 22.4%29%largest
Ukraine1,150 · 28.9%Russia1,108 · 27.9%United States628 · 15.8%United Kingdom200 · 5.0%6 others listed889 · 22.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Medical and Biological Sciences research?

By volume in 2022-now, Poltava State Medical University publishes the most Medical and Biological Sciences research, followed by Bogomolets National Medical University and Russian Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Poltava State Medical UniversityUkraine 105 works
  2. 2 Bogomolets National Medical UniversityUkraine 87 works
  3. 3 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 75 works
  4. 4 Weatherford CollegeUnited States 67 works
  5. 5 Bukovinian State Medical UniversityUkraine 62 works
  6. 6 Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical UniversityUkraine 46 works
  7. 7 Kharkiv National Medical UniversityUkraine 45 works
  8. 8 National Academy of Sciences of UkraineUkraine 40 works
  9. 9 Sechenov UniversityRussia 39 works
  10. 10 Shupyk National Healthcare University of UkraineUkraine 39 works

Who are the leading researchers in Medical and Biological Sciences?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Medical and Biological Sciences include George Davey Smith, Cyrus Cooper and John P. A. Ioannidis.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  3. 3 John P. A. Ioannidis United States 317k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Medical and Biological Sciences?

The most cited paper in Medical and Biological Sciences is "Radiological Assessment of Osteo-Arthrosis" (Jan Kellgren, John S. Lawrence, 1957), with 12,624 citations. Next come "Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied" (3,065) and "Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: A 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee" (2,599).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Radiological Assessment of Osteo-Arthrosis Jan Kellgren, John S. Lawrence · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Open access Dec 1957 12,624
2 Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied Leonard Nelson, A. G. E. Pearse · AIBS Bulletin Jun 1961 3,065
3 Standardized nomenclature, symbols, and units for bone histomorphometry: A 2012 update of the report of the ASBMR Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee David W. Dempster, Juliet Elizabeth Compston, Marc K. Drezner et al. · Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Open access 29 Nov 2012 2,599
4 The International Classification of Headache Disorders Jes Olesen · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain Open access May 2008 2,327
5 Genetic heterogeneity in osteogenesis imperfecta. David Owen Sillence, A Senn, D. M. Danks · Journal of Medical Genetics Open access Apr 1979 2,261
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Medical and Biological Sciences research done?

The largest centres of Medical and Biological Sciences research in 2022-now are Moscow (Russia), Kyiv (Ukraine), Saint Petersburg (Russia) and Poltava (Ukraine). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Poltava, Chernivtsi and Uzhhorod.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 MoscowRussia 378 works
  2. 2 KyivUkraine 302 works
  3. 3 Saint PetersburgRussia 139 works
  4. 4 PoltavaUkraine 136 works
  5. 5 KharkivUkraine 109 works
  6. 6 TashkentUzbekistan 81 works
  7. 7 LvivUkraine 73 works
  8. 8 LondonUnited Kingdom 72 works
  9. 9 ChernivtsiUkraine 70 works
  10. 10 WeatherfordUnited States 67 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. PoltavaUA · 135.6 works138×
  2. ChernivtsiUA · 70.4 works96×
  3. UzhhorodUA · 35.2 works74×
  4. Ivano-FrankivskUA · 60.1 works59×
  5. TernopilUA · 44.0 works42×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Medical and Biological Sciences than the world average.

See Medical and Biological Sciences on the map

Where is the best place to study Medical and Biological Sciences?

Among universities, judged by research, Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, Poltava State Medical University and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 15.45%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Harvard UniversityPoltava V.G. Korolen…Peoples' Friendship …Poltava State Medica…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Poltava V.G. Korolenko National Pedagogical UniversityUkraine 70.522.9%182.8×23 +226.6%
2Poltava State Medical UniversityUkraine 67.610.8%313.9×105 +373.1%
3Peoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussia 61.819.3%17.6×26 +21.3%
4Harvard UniversityUnited States 61.224.3%0.9×14 +20.9%
5Weatherford CollegeUnited States 59.78.1%10.9×67 +24.6%
6Bogomolets National Medical UniversityUkraine 57.611.3%150.9×87 -8.9%
7Kharkiv National Medical UniversityUkraine 56.016.5%141.4×45 -13.4%
8I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical UniversityUkraine 54.618.5%134.7×33 -37.1%
9Universidad de La FronteraChile 54.014.7%20.8×8 +26.1%
10Uzhhorod National UniversityUkraine 53.08.1%84.3×35 +32.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Medical and Biological Sciences, country by country

Is Medical and Biological Sciences research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 10% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2020.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Medical and Biological Sciences as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.024% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Medical and Biological Sciences0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Medical and Biological Sciences over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Medical and Biological Sciences10.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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