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Xenotransplantation and immune response

Xenotransplantation and immune response is a research topic within Surgery. Science Explorer counts 9.9k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on xenotransplantation, particularly the use of pigs as organ donors for human transplantation. It covers topics such as genetic modification of pigs, porcine endogenous retroviruses, immunological barriers, xenograft rejection, and the potential applications in clinical xenotransplantation and biomedical research.

  • Xenotransplantation
  • Pig-to-Human Transplantation
  • Genetic Modification of Pigs
  • Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses
  • Immunological Barriers
  • Xenograft Rejection
  • Transgenic Pigs
  • Clinical Xenotransplantation
  • Graft Survival
  • Biomedical Research
Research works
9.9k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
988
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+29%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
47% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Xenotransplantation and immune response

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Xenotransplantation and immune response research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (420 and 128 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 420 works
  2. 2 China 128 works
  3. 3 Germany 75 works
  4. 4 South Korea 55 works
  5. 5 Japan 46 works
  6. 6 India 39 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 37 works
  8. 8 France 31 works
  9. 9 Brazil 30 works
  10. 10 Canada 27 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 47.3%China: 14.4%Germany: 8.5%South Korea: 6.2%6 others listed: 23.7%47%largest
United States420 · 47.3%China128 · 14.4%Germany75 · 8.5%South Korea55 · 6.2%6 others listed210 · 23.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Xenotransplantation and immune response research?

By volume in 2022-now, Harvard University publishes the most Xenotransplantation and immune response research, followed by University of Maryland, Baltimore and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Harvard UniversityUnited States 47 works
  2. 2 University of Maryland, BaltimoreUnited States 24 works
  3. 3 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 14 works
  4. 4 New York UniversityUnited States 14 works
  5. 5 University of MiamiUnited States 13 works
  6. 6 University of Alabama at BirminghamUnited States 11 works
  7. 7 Sungkyunkwan UniversitySouth Korea 11 works
  8. 8 Freie Universität BerlinGermany 11 works
  9. 9 Columbia UniversityUnited States 10 works
  10. 10 Duke UniversityUnited States 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Xenotransplantation and immune response?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Xenotransplantation and immune response include Giuseppe Remuzzi, Richard Anthony Flavell and Michael Snyder.

  1. 1 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  2. 2 Richard Anthony Flavell United States 237k citations
  3. 3 Michael Snyder United States 224k citations
  4. 4 Norberto Perico Italy 220k citations
  5. 5 Jedd D. Wolchok United States 212k citations
  6. 6 Ralph H. Hruban United States 209k citations
  7. 7 Steven A. Rosenberg United States 200k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Xenotransplantation and immune response?

The most cited paper in Xenotransplantation and immune response is "Culture of Human Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Veins. IDENTIFICATION BY MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CRITERIA" (ERIC A. JAFFE, Ralph L. Nachman, Carl G. Becker et al., 1973), with 6,923 citations. Next come "Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer" (1,613) and "NOD/SCID/γcnull mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells" (1,487).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Culture of Human Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Veins. IDENTIFICATION BY MORPHOLOGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC CRITERIA ERIC A. JAFFE, Ralph L. Nachman, Carl G. Becker et al. · Journal of Clinical Investigation Open access Nov 1973 6,923
2 Cancer/testis antigens, gametogenesis and cancer Andrew J.G. Simpson, Otávia L. Caballero, Achim A. Jungbluth et al. · Nature reviews. Cancer Review 20 Jul 2005 1,613
3 NOD/SCID/γcnull mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells Mamoru Ito, Hidefumi Hiramatsu, Kimio Kobayashi et al. · Blood 16 Oct 2002 1,487
4 Production of α-1,3-Galactosyltransferase Knockout Pigs by Nuclear Transfer Cloning Liangxue Lai, Donna Kolber‐Simonds, Kwang‐Wook Park et al. · Science 8 Feb 2002 1,344
5 Prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse. Norman M. Greenberg, Francesco John DeMayo, Milton J. Finegold et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 11 Apr 1995 1,305
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Xenotransplantation and immune response research done?

The largest centres of Xenotransplantation and immune response research in 2022-now are Boston (United States), New York (United States), Baltimore (United States) and Seoul (South Korea). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Baltimore, Boston and New York.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BostonUnited States 36 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 34 works
  3. 3 BaltimoreUnited States 33 works
  4. 4 SeoulSouth Korea 28 works
  5. 5 BeijingChina 20 works
  6. 6 MunichGermany 19 works
  7. 7 CambridgeUnited States 15 works
  8. 8 BerlinGermany 15 works
  9. 9 LondonUnited Kingdom 14 works
  10. 10 TokyoJapan 14 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BaltimoreUS · 32.7 works12×
  2. BostonUS · 35.6 works9.0×
  3. New YorkUS · 33.9 works4.4×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Xenotransplantation and immune response than the world average.

See Xenotransplantation and immune response on the map

Where is the best place to study Xenotransplantation and immune response?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, University of Maryland, Baltimore and New York University score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 14.68%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Harvard UniversityNew York UniversityUniversity of Maryla…Ludwig-Maximilians-U…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 95.223.0%15.0×47 +89.1%
2University of Maryland, BaltimoreUnited States 61.112.6%70.6×24 +261.5%
3New York UniversityUnited States 58.114.3%12.7×14 +369.3%
4Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenGermany 54.210.8%16.9×14 +61.4%
5University of Alabama at BirminghamUnited States 53.825.6%23.3×11 -47.3%
6University of MiamiUnited States 53.515.5%21.7×13 +259.6%
7Freie Universität BerlinGermany 53.215.3%25.7×10 +367.6%
8Duke UniversityUnited States 49.812.4%11.2×9 +58.1%
9Columbia UniversityUnited States 41.015.9%9.5×10 +17.2%
10Sungkyunkwan UniversitySouth Korea 21.61.4%16.0×11 -

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Xenotransplantation and immune response, country by country

Is Xenotransplantation and immune response research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 29% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 1998. The fastest-growing topics are Xenotransplantation and immune response.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Xenotransplantation and immune response as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0042% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Xenotransplantation and immune response0.0051% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Xenotransplantation and immune response over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Xenotransplantation and immune response10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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