Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
University · Krasnoyarsk · Russia

Siberian State Aerospace University

In research, Siberian State Aerospace University stands highest in Engineering (#2,451 of 5,901 worldwide), Materials Science (#1,371 of 2,276 worldwide) and Social Sciences (#6,443 of 9,585 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Development, Management of Technology and Innovation and Nature and Landscape Conservation (Development is 19.7× its share of world research).

sibsau.ruROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#8,524
of 22,385 · #12,835 all time
Rank in Russia
#120
of 735
Research works
2.9k
▼ 10% vs 2018-21
Citations
10k
3.5 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
5.6%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.65×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
61%
world 40%
International
7%
world 18%
Siberian State Aerospace University

What is Siberian State Aerospace University known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
EngineeringField #2,451 of 5,901 6.1%356 #2626
Materials ScienceField #1,371 of 2,276 4.6%64 #2091
Social SciencesDomain #6,443 of 9,585 7.8%217 #7804
Mechanical EngineeringSubfield #948 of 1,319 7.3%67 #1457
Physical SciencesDomain #8,481 of 10,670 5.4%688 #9809
Environmental ScienceField #2,661 of 3,334 4.5%91 #4582
Computer ScienceField #3,783 of 4,417 5.8%106 #4950
Business, Management and AccountingField #2,299 of 2,581 9.1%68 #3292
Life SciencesDomain #6,057 of 6,403 2.6%95 #10510
Social SciencesField #5,670 of 5,988 8.4%87 #6311

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Siberian State Aerospace University sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Engineering#2,626 #2,451
  2. Materials Science#2,091 #1,371
  3. Social Sciences#7,804 #6,443
  4. Mechanical Engineering#1,457 #948
  5. Physical Sciences#9,809 #8,481
  6. Environmental Science#4,582 #2,661
  7. Computer Science#4,950 #3,783
  8. Business, Management and Accounting#3,292 #2,299
  9. Life Sciences#10,510 #6,057
  10. Social Sciences#6,311 #5,670
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does Siberian State Aerospace University work in?

In 2022-now, 67% of research at Siberian State Aerospace University is in Physical Sciences, 21% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Engineering (34%), Computer Science (11%), Environmental Science (9%). It does 1.7× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 732 fractional works · 67.4% of its workEngineering: 369 fractional works · 34.0% of its workMechanical Engineering: 69 fractional works · 6.4% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 44 fractional works · 4.0% of its workMechanics of Materials: 40 fractional works · 3.7% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 34 fractional works · 3.1% of its workAerospace Engineering: 34 fractional works · 3.1% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 31 fractional works · 2.8% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 31 fractional works · 2.8% of its workOcean Engineering: 26 fractional works · 2.4% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 15 fractional works · 1.4% of its workBuilding and Construction: 14 fractional works · 1.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 13 fractional works · 1.2% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 8 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 6 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMedia Technology: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputer Science: 122 fractional works · 11.2% of its workInformation Systems: 39 fractional works · 3.6% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 37 fractional works · 3.4% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 17 fractional works · 1.5% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 14 fractional works · 1.3% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 9 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.6% of its workEnvironmental Science: 97 fractional works · 9.0% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 24 fractional works · 2.2% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 21 fractional works · 2.0% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 21 fractional works · 1.9% of its workEcology: 15 fractional works · 1.4% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 5 fractional works · 0.5% of its workWater Science and Technology: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPollution: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMaterials Science: 68 fractional works · 6.3% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 23 fractional works · 2.2% of its workGeneral Materials Science: 18 fractional works · 1.6% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 14 fractional works · 1.3% of its workBiomaterials: 8 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 4 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 21 fractional works · 2.0% of its workAtmospheric Science: 9 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEarth-Surface Processes: 5 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGeology: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOceanography: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 15 fractional works · 1.4% of its workStatistics and Probability: 7 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 8 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 15 fractional works · 1.3% of its workCondensed Matter Physics: 5 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 5 fractional works · 0.4% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workEnergy: 13 fractional works · 1.2% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 6 fractional works · 0.6% of its workFuel Technology: 5 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemistry: 10 fractional works · 0.9% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 6 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workChemical Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSocial Sciences: 224 fractional works · 20.6% of its workSocial Sciences: 90 fractional works · 8.3% of its workDevelopment: 22 fractional works · 2.0% of its workSociology and Political Science: 19 fractional works · 1.7% of its workEducation: 14 fractional works · 1.3% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 8 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 7 fractional works · 0.7% of its workTransportation: 6 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSafety Research: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 7 fractional works · 0.7% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 70 fractional works · 6.4% of its workStrategy and Management: 30 fractional works · 2.8% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 28 fractional works · 2.5% of its workManagement Information Systems: 8 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 35 fractional works · 3.2% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 17 fractional works · 1.6% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 16 fractional works · 1.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPsychology: 10 fractional works · 1.0% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 5 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSocial Psychology: 3 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.3% of its workArts and Humanities: 9 fractional works · 0.9% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhilosophy: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 9 fractional works · 0.8% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 8 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 101 fractional works · 9.3% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 84 fractional works · 7.7% of its workPlant Science: 23 fractional works · 2.1% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 13 fractional works · 1.2% of its workInsect Science: 13 fractional works · 1.2% of its workFood Science: 11 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSoil Science: 8 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 7 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 6 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 13 fractional works · 1.2% of its workMolecular Biology: 6 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGenetics: 3 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 4 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 30 fractional works · 2.7% of its workMedicine: 23 fractional works · 2.1% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 5 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEpidemiology: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 14 fractional works · 1.2% of its workHealth Professions: 6 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhysical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation: 4 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.2% of its workNursing: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workALL ITS WORKSiberian StateAerospace…1,086fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences9%Physical Sciences67%Health Sciences3%Social Sciences21%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 23 fields, with their numbers
    1. Engineering36934.0%
    2. Computer Science12211.2%
    3. Environmental Science979.0%
    4. Materials Science686.3%
    5. Earth and Planetary Sciences212.0%
    6. Mathematics151.4%
    7. Physics and Astronomy151.3%
    8. Energy131.2%
    9. Chemistry100.9%
    10. Chemical Engineering20.2%
    1. Social Sciences908.3%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting706.4%
    3. Economics, Econometrics and Finance353.2%
    4. Psychology101.0%
    5. Arts and Humanities90.9%
    6. Decision Sciences90.8%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences847.7%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology131.2%
    3. Neuroscience40.3%
    4. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics00.0%
    1. Medicine232.1%
    2. Health Professions60.6%
    3. Nursing00.0%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does Siberian State Aerospace University specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Development takes 19.7× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. DevelopmentSubfield · 21.6 works20×
  2. Management of Technology and InnovationSubfield · 27.6 works8.4×
  3. Nature and Landscape ConservationSubfield · 21.2 works8.2×
  4. Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringSubfield · 43.9 works7.8×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1.62× its world share, 84 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.23× its world share, 13 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Neuroscience: 0.21× its world share, 4 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.04× its world share, 0 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.47× its world share, 2 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.59× its world share, 10 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.44× its world share, 122 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 1.24× its world share, 21 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.32× its world share, 13 worksEnergyEngineering: 2.26× its world share, 368 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.81× its world share, 97 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.80× its world share, 68 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.16× its world share, 15 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.61× its world share, 15 worksPhysics and AstronomyHealth Professions: 0.22× its world share, 6 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.11× its world share, 23 worksMedicineNursing: 0.08× its world share, 0 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.29× its world share, 9 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 2.00× its world share, 70 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 0.87× its world share, 9 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.49× its world share, 35 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.31× its world share, 10 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.66× its world share, 90 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Engineering, 2.3×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 23 fields, with their numbers
  1. Engineering2.26×368 works
  2. Business, Management and Accounting2.00×70 works
  3. Environmental Science1.81×97 works
  4. Materials Science1.80×68 works
  5. Agricultural and Biological Sciences1.62×84 works
  6. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.49×35 works
  7. Computer Science1.44×122 works
  8. Energy1.32×13 works
  9. Earth and Planetary Sciences1.24×21 works
  10. Mathematics1.16×15 works
  11. Decision Sciences0.87×9 works
  12. Social Sciences0.66×90 works
  13. Physics and Astronomy0.61×15 works
  14. Chemistry0.59×10 works
  15. Chemical Engineering0.47×2 works
  16. Psychology0.31×10 works
  17. Arts and Humanities0.29×9 works
  18. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.23×13 works
  19. Health Professions0.22×6 works
  20. Neuroscience0.21×4 works
  21. Medicine0.11×23 works
  22. Nursing0.08×0 works
  23. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.04×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Siberian State Aerospace University?

Ranked on the quality score, Ksenia Degtyareva, Kirill I. Kravtsov and Svetlana V. Kukartseva lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Siberian State Aerospace University.

  1. 1 Ksenia Degtyareva Russia · #840,215 worldwide 501 citations · 38 works
  2. 2 Kirill I. Kravtsov Russia · #1,206,213 worldwide 438 citations · 42 works
  3. 3 Svetlana V. Kukartseva Russia · #1,327,988 worldwide 192 citations · 20 works
  4. 4 В В Кукарцев Russia · #2,066,808 worldwide 4k citations · 303 works
  5. 5 Anastasia Kozlova Russia · #2,197,813 worldwide 375 citations · 25 works
  6. 6 Ilia Panfilov Russia · #2,848,949 worldwide 380 citations · 61 works
  7. 7 Shakhnaz Akhmedova Russia · #3,184,038 worldwide 737 citations · 74 works
  8. 8 Sergei Olegovich Kurashkin Russia · #3,444,931 worldwide 743 citations · 110 works
  9. 9 В С Тынченко Russia · #3,775,346 worldwide 4.9k citations · 527 works
  10. 10 Oksana Kukartseva Russia · #3,792,017 worldwide 252 citations · 26 works
All ranked researchers at Siberian State Aerospace University

What are the most cited papers from Siberian State Aerospace University?

The most cited paper from Siberian State Aerospace University is "Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell" (Pedro Willem Crous et al., 2021), with 386 citations. Next come "Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs" (221) and "Topological Bound States in the Continuum in Arrays of Dielectric Spheres" (211).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell Pedro Willem Crous et al. · Studies in Mycology Open access127 authors Mar 2021 386
2 Overview of Methods for Enhanced Oil Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs Boris V. Malozyomov, Nikita V. Martyushev, В В Кукарцев et al. · Energies Open access 23 Jun 2023 221
3 Topological Bound States in the Continuum in Arrays of Dielectric Spheres Evgeny N. Bulgakov, Дмитрий Н. Максимов · Physical Review Letters 26 Jun 2017 211
4 LSHADE Algorithm with Rank-Based Selective Pressure Strategy for Solving CEC 2017 Benchmark Problems Vladimir V. Stanovov, Shakhnaz Akhmedova, Eugene Stanislavovich Semenkin Conference paper Jul 2018 152
5 Review of Methods for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Electrified Ground Transport by Optimizing Battery Consumption Nikita V. Martyushev, Boris V. Malozyomov, Ilham H. Khalikov et al. · Energies Open access 8 Jan 2023 147
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Siberian State Aerospace University?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Sustainable Development, Digital Transformation, Innovation, Energy Efficiency, Climate Change, Environmental Management, Regional Development and Sustainability.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainable Development132▲ 7.7×37 topics
  2. Climate Change93▲ 3.2×49 topics
  3. Innovation80▲ 7.1×29 topics
  4. Digital Transformation76▲ 13×12 topics
  5. Sustainability71▲ 2.7×36 topics
  6. Energy Efficiency70▲ 7.0×28 topics
  7. Machine Learning55▲ 1.52×55 topics
  8. Environmental Management48▲ 11×11 topics
  9. Regional Development46▲ 12×12 topics
  10. Artificial Intelligence44▲ 2.9×22 topics
  11. Economic Development44▲ 5.0×12 topics
  12. Neural Networks42▲ 2.5×29 topics
  13. Renewable Energy41▲ 2.6×24 topics
  14. Cyber-Physical Systems40▲ 14×8 topics
  15. Digital Economy36▲ 17×13 topics
  16. Educational Technology34▲ 2.6×19 topics
  17. Industry 4.032▲ 58×2 topics
  18. Tool Wear31▲ 23×3 topics
  19. Metal Nanoparticles30▲ 18×4 topics
  20. Global Economy30▲ 21×5 topics
  21. Numerical Modeling30▲ 26×6 topics
  22. Circular Economy29▲ 9.7×6 topics
  23. Optimization28▲ 5.8×15 topics
  24. Resource Efficiency27▲ 18×3 topics
  25. Innovation Management26▲ 16×5 topics
  26. Technology26▲ 4.7×6 topics
  27. Digitalization26▲ 12×9 topics
  28. Machine Tools24▲ 34×2 topics
  29. Welding24▲ 35×3 topics
  30. CNC Systems24▲ 78×1 topic
  31. Cutting Processes24▲ 78×1 topic
  32. Environmental Safety23▲ 62×2 topics
  33. Quality Management23▲ 15×4 topics
  34. Evolutionary Algorithms22▲ 20×5 topics
  35. Knowledge Clusters21▲ 48×1 topic
  36. Russian Economy21▲ 53×1 topic
  37. Mining20▲ 110×1 topic
  38. Resource Extraction20▲ 110×1 topic
  39. Information Technologies20▲ 65×1 topic
  40. Project Management20▲ 22×1 topic

Which research topics does Siberian State Aerospace University publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Engineering Technology and Methodologies, Economic and Technological Developments in Russia, Engineering and Environmental Studies and Economic and Technological Systems Analysis.

Engineering Technology a…24Engineering Technology and Methodologies: 24 fractional worksEconomic and Technologic…21Economic and Technological Developments in Russia: 21 fractional worksEngineering and Environm…20Engineering and Environmental Studies: 20 fractional worksEconomic and Technologic…20Economic and Technological Systems Analysis: 20 fractional worksMaterial Properties and Applications: 17 fractional worksIndustrial Engineering and Technologies: 17 fractional worksFire effects on ecosystems12Fire effects on ecosystems: 12 fractional worksForest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies: 12 fractional worksAdvanced Data Processing Techniques: 12 fractional worksEducational Innovations …12Educational Innovations and Challenges: 12 fractional works
Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringDevelopmentOcean EngineeringManagement of Technology and Innovation6 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Engineering Technology and Methodologies Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering 24 works
  2. 2 Economic and Technological Developments in Russia Development 21 works
  3. 3 Engineering and Environmental Studies Ocean Engineering 20 works
  4. 4 Economic and Technological Systems Analysis Management of Technology and Innovation 20 works
  5. 5 Material Properties and Applications General Materials Science 17 works
  6. 6 Industrial Engineering and Technologies Mechanical Engineering 17 works
  7. 7 Fire effects on ecosystems Global and Planetary Change 12 works
  8. 8 Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies Insect Science 12 works
  9. 9 Advanced Data Processing Techniques Control and Systems Engineering 12 works
  10. 10 Educational Innovations and Challenges Information Systems 12 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available61.2%not open38.8%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors6.6%domestic only93.4%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Siberian State Aerospace University's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 10% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Siberian State Aerospace University as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0050% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%Siberian State Aerospace University0.0026% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Siberian State Aerospace University over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting5%10%15%all institutions10.0% in 2025Siberian State Aerospace University5.5% in 20252020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 10.1% in 2017.

Other research institutions in Krasnoyarsk

All research institutions in Krasnoyarsk

Share Siberian State Aerospace University's ranking

Siberian State Aerospace University on Science Explorer

A card with Siberian State Aerospace University's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Siberian State Aerospace University. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.