Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
University · Lagos · Nigeria

Yaba College of Technology

In research, Yaba College of Technology stands highest in Physical Sciences (#7,121 of 10,670 worldwide) and Social Sciences (#6,826 of 9,585 worldwide), 2022-now.

yabatech.edu.ngROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#8,142
of 22,385 · #15,060 all time
Rank in Nigeria
#82
of 183
Research works
804
▲ 33% vs 2018-21
Citations
3.8k
4.8 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
2.9%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.80×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
78%
world 40%
International
15%
world 18%
Yaba College of Technology

What is Yaba College of Technology known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Physical SciencesDomain #7,121 of 10,670 3.6%114 #11222
Social SciencesDomain #6,826 of 9,585 2.5%109 #9571

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Yaba College of Technology sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Yaba College of Technology work in?

In 2022-now, 38% of research at Yaba College of Technology is in Social Sciences, 38% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (13%), Engineering (12%), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (12%). It does 1.5× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 143 fractional works · 37.7% of its workSocial Sciences: 47 fractional works · 12.5% of its workSociology and Political Science: 14 fractional works · 3.8% of its workEducation: 14 fractional works · 3.8% of its workUrban Studies: 6 fractional works · 1.7% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workTransportation: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGender Studies: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workDemography: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCultural Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCommunication: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSafety Research: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 38 fractional works · 9.9% of its workStrategy and Management: 13 fractional works · 3.5% of its workManagement Information Systems: 7 fractional works · 1.7% of its workAccounting: 6 fractional works · 1.6% of its workMarketing: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 3 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 3 fractional works · 0.7% of its workBusiness and International Management: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workTourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workArts and Humanities: 20 fractional works · 5.2% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 11 fractional works · 2.8% of its workVisual Arts and Performing Arts: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhilosophy: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMusic: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workReligious studies: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 17 fractional works · 4.6% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 14 fractional works · 3.6% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 12 fractional works · 3.3% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 11 fractional works · 2.8% of its workStatistics, Probability and Uncertainty: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPsychology: 8 fractional works · 2.1% of its workSocial Psychology: 5 fractional works · 1.2% of its workClinical Psychology: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysical Sciences: 142 fractional works · 37.7% of its workEngineering: 45 fractional works · 11.9% of its workBuilding and Construction: 8 fractional works · 2.0% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 8 fractional works · 2.0% of its workMechanical Engineering: 6 fractional works · 1.7% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 6 fractional works · 1.6% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 4 fractional works · 1.0% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 3 fractional works · 0.7% of its workOcean Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMechanics of Materials: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAerospace Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnvironmental Science: 31 fractional works · 8.2% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 5 fractional works · 1.4% of its workPollution: 5 fractional works · 1.3% of its workWater Science and Technology: 4 fractional works · 1.1% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 4 fractional works · 1.0% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 4 fractional works · 0.9% of its workEcology: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science: 28 fractional works · 7.5% of its workInformation Systems: 13 fractional works · 3.5% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 8 fractional works · 2.2% of its workSignal Processing: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMaterials Science: 16 fractional works · 4.3% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 7 fractional works · 2.0% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 5 fractional works · 1.3% of its workBiomaterials: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMathematics: 8 fractional works · 2.2% of its workStatistics and Probability: 3 fractional works · 0.7% of its workModeling and Simulation: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNumerical Analysis: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workGeometry and Topology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 7 fractional works · 1.8% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 7 fractional works · 1.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workChemistry: 4 fractional works · 1.0% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAnalytical Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workInorganic Chemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workLife Sciences: 55 fractional works · 14.5% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 44 fractional works · 11.7% of its workPlant Science: 16 fractional works · 4.3% of its workFood Science: 10 fractional works · 2.7% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 5 fractional works · 1.3% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workAquatic Science: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workForestry: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInsect Science: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 7 fractional works · 2.0% of its workMolecular Biology: 4 fractional works · 1.1% of its workBiotechnology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPharmacology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workImmunology: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.0% of its workNeuroscience: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 38 fractional works · 10.1% of its workMedicine: 21 fractional works · 5.5% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 3 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSurgery: 3 fractional works · 0.7% of its workComplementary and alternative medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPharmacology: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workInfectious Diseases: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEpidemiology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 1.1% of its workHealth Professions: 8 fractional works · 2.2% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 3 fractional works · 0.8% of its workHealth Information Management: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workRadiological and Ultrasound Technology: 2 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNursing: 8 fractional works · 2.1% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 8 fractional works · 2.1% of its workDentistry: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workALL ITS WORKYaba College ofTechnology378fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences15%Physical Sciences38%Health Sciences10%Social Sciences38%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 25 fields, with their numbers
    1. Social Sciences4712.5%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting389.9%
    3. Arts and Humanities205.2%
    4. Economics, Econometrics and Finance174.6%
    5. Decision Sciences123.3%
    6. Psychology82.1%
    1. Engineering4511.9%
    2. Environmental Science318.2%
    3. Computer Science287.5%
    4. Materials Science164.3%
    5. Mathematics82.2%
    6. Energy71.8%
    7. Chemistry41.0%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences20.5%
    9. Physics and Astronomy00.1%
    10. Chemical Engineering00.0%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences4411.7%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology72.0%
    3. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics20.5%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology10.3%
    5. Neuroscience00.1%
    1. Medicine215.5%
    2. Health Professions82.2%
    3. Nursing82.1%
    4. Dentistry10.3%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 2.46× its world share, 44 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.37× its world share, 8 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.26× its world share, 1 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.07× its world share, 0 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1.39× its world share, 2 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.08× its world share, 0 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.64× its world share, 4 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.96× its world share, 28 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.35× its world share, 2 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 1.95× its world share, 7 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.80× its world share, 45 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.66× its world share, 31 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 1.24× its world share, 16 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.88× its world share, 8 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.04× its world share, 0 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.61× its world share, 1 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.85× its world share, 8 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.28× its world share, 21 worksMedicineNursing: 4.23× its world share, 8 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 1.81× its world share, 20 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 3.09× its world share, 38 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 3.40× its world share, 12 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 2.16× its world share, 18 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.70× its world share, 8 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.99× its world share, 47 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Nursing, 4.2×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 25 fields, with their numbers
  1. Nursing4.23×8 works
  2. Decision Sciences3.40×12 works
  3. Business, Management and Accounting3.09×38 works
  4. Agricultural and Biological Sciences2.46×44 works
  5. Economics, Econometrics and Finance2.16×18 works
  6. Energy1.95×7 works
  7. Mathematics1.88×8 works
  8. Arts and Humanities1.81×20 works
  9. Environmental Science1.66×31 works
  10. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics1.39×2 works
  11. Materials Science1.24×16 works
  12. Social Sciences0.99×47 works
  13. Computer Science0.96×28 works
  14. Health Professions0.85×8 works
  15. Engineering0.80×45 works
  16. Psychology0.70×8 works
  17. Chemistry0.64×4 works
  18. Dentistry0.61×1 works
  19. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.37×8 works
  20. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.35×2 works
  21. Medicine0.28×21 works
  22. Immunology and Microbiology0.26×1 works
  23. Chemical Engineering0.08×0 works
  24. Neuroscience0.07×0 works
  25. Physics and Astronomy0.04×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Yaba College of Technology?

Ranked on the quality score, Idowu Ayisat Aneyo, V. F. Doherty and Solomon Akin Olaleru lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Yaba College of Technology.

  1. 1 Idowu Ayisat Aneyo Nigeria · #2,770,030 worldwide 219 citations · 25 works
  2. 2 V. F. Doherty Nigeria · #3,157,951 worldwide 565 citations · 44 works
  3. 3 Solomon Akin Olaleru Nigeria · #3,420,541 worldwide 191 citations · 20 works
  4. 4 Abdullahi Adeola Nigeria · #3,891,508 worldwide 110 citations · 16 works
  5. 5 Tajudeen Adejare Aderibigbe Nigeria · #3,979,591 worldwide 192 citations · 15 works
  6. 6 Lauretta Nwanneka Ofodile Nigeria · #4,387,343 worldwide 178 citations · 21 works
  7. 7 Nureni Asafe Yekini Nigeria · #4,414,099 worldwide 63 citations · 17 works
  8. 8 Elizabeth Ani Nigeria · #4,586,343 worldwide 188 citations · 24 works
  9. 9 Kingsley Kema Ajekwene Nigeria · #4,603,483 worldwide 82 citations · 18 works
  10. 10 M. K. Ladipo Nigeria · #4,611,153 worldwide 147 citations · 16 works
All ranked researchers at Yaba College of Technology

What are the most cited papers from Yaba College of Technology?

The most cited paper from Yaba College of Technology is "Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among consumers in developing countries: An international survey" (Olumide Adedokun Odeyemi, Norrakiah Abdullah Sani, Adewale Olusegun Obadina et al., 2018), with 171 citations. Next come "Determination and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rivers, Sediments and Wastewater Effluents in Vhembe District, South Africa" (170) and "Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Mvudi River, South Africa" (154).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices among consumers in developing countries: An international survey Olumide Adedokun Odeyemi, Norrakiah Abdullah Sani, Adewale Olusegun Obadina et al. · Food Research International Open access 11 Oct 2018 171
2 Determination and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Rivers, Sediments and Wastewater Effluents in Vhembe District, South Africa Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, John O. Odiyo, Oluwaseun Popoola et al. · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Open access 30 Mar 2016 170
3 Assessment of Trace Metals Contamination of Surface Water and Sediment: A Case Study of Mvudi River, South Africa Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, John O. Odiyo, Oluwaseun Popoola et al. · Sustainability Open access 2 Feb 2016 154
4 Yellow fever vaccination and pregnancy: a four-year prospective study Abdulsalami Nasidi, Thomas P. C. Monath, Jamie I. Vandenberg et al. · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene May 1993 137
5 Food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among veterinary medicine students at Trakia University, Bulgaria Deyan Stratev, Olumide Adedokun Odeyemi, Alexander I. Pavlov et al. · Journal of Infection and Public Health Open access 7 Feb 2017 121
All 61 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Yaba College of Technology?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Environmental Impact, Sustainability, Feminism, Sustainable Development, Supply Chain Management, Nigeria, Economic Growth and Machine Learning.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Sustainability24▲ 2.6×39 topics
  2. Environmental Impact22▲ 3.4×25 topics
  3. Machine Learning18▲ 1.47×43 topics
  4. Sustainable Development17▲ 2.9×20 topics
  5. Education12▲ 1.93×14 topics
  6. Supply Chain Management12▲ 3.7×14 topics
  7. Globalization12▲ 1.61×20 topics
  8. Renewable Energy12▲ 2.1×25 topics
  9. Economic Growth11▲ 3.7×13 topics
  10. Artificial Intelligence11▲ 2.0×17 topics
  11. Feminism11▲ 9.6×6 topics
  12. Mechanical Properties10▲ 2.6×18 topics
  13. Corporate Governance9▲ 3.4×12 topics
  14. Antioxidant Activity9▲ 3.9×17 topics
  15. Financial Performance9▲ 4.3×8 topics
  16. Nigeria8▲ 102×3 topics
  17. Information Technology8▲ 4.4×8 topics
  18. Urbanization8▲ 5.0×5 topics
  19. Development8▲ 5.5×7 topics
  20. Health Benefits7▲ 5.9×9 topics
  21. Leadership7▲ 3.9×12 topics
  22. Fiscal Policy7▲ 9.1×4 topics
  23. Poverty Alleviation7▲ 19×2 topics
  24. IoT7▲ 4.6×11 topics
  25. Gender Equality6▲ 6.1×4 topics
  26. Health Equity6▲ 5.7×2 topics
  27. Land Tenure6▲ 38×2 topics
  28. Urban Poverty6▲ 37×2 topics
  29. Community Participation6▲ 4.5×2 topics
  30. Housing Policy6▲ 55×1 topic
  31. Slum Upgrading6▲ 55×1 topic
  32. Postcolonialism6▲ 11×5 topics
  33. Rheological Properties6▲ 8.3×4 topics
  34. Dietary Fiber5▲ 13×3 topics
  35. Cultural Hermeneutics5▲ 99×1 topic
  36. Literary Theory5▲ 53×1 topic
  37. Quality Assurance5▲ 7.6×2 topics
  38. Teacher Education5▲ 10.0×2 topics
  39. Institutional Quality5▲ 12×2 topics
  40. Shareholder Value5▲ 11×2 topics

Which research topics does Yaba College of Technology publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Urban and Rural Development Challenges, Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics, African Education and Politics and Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies.

Urban and Rural Developm…6Urban and Rural Development Challenges: 6 fractional worksLiterary Theory and Cult…5Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics: 5 fractional worksAfrican Education and Politics: 4 fractional worksPostcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies: 4 fractional worksNatural Fiber Reinforced Composites: 4 fractional worksFood composition and properties: 4 fractional worksFiscal Policy and Economic Growth: 4 fractional worksEconomic Growth and Deve…3Economic Growth and Development: 3 fractional worksRuminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology: 3 fractional worksOil, Gas, and Environmental Issues: 3 fractional works
Urban StudiesLiterature and Literary TheoryEducationPolymers and Plastics5 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Urban and Rural Development Challenges Urban Studies 6 works
  2. 2 Literary Theory and Cultural Hermeneutics Literature and Literary Theory 5 works
  3. 3 African Education and Politics Education 4 works
  4. 4 Postcolonial and Cultural Literary Studies Literature and Literary Theory 4 works
  5. 5 Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites Polymers and Plastics 4 works
  6. 6 Food composition and properties Nutrition and Dietetics 4 works
  7. 7 Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth Economics and Econometrics 4 works
  8. 8 Economic Growth and Development Information Systems 3 works
  9. 9 Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology Agronomy and Crop Science 3 works
  10. 10 Oil, Gas, and Environmental Issues Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment 3 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available78.5%not open21.5%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors15.0%domestic only85.0%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Yaba College of Technology's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 33% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Yaba College of Technology as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0012% in 2024.

still counting0.0010%0.0020%Yaba College of Technology0.0014% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Yaba College of Technology over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting5%10%15%all institutions10.0% in 2025Yaba College of Technology3.8% in 20252020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 11.2% in 2017.

Other research institutions in Lagos

All research institutions in Lagos

Share Yaba College of Technology's ranking

Yaba College of Technology on Science Explorer

A card with Yaba College of Technology's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research measures only: rankings here say nothing about teaching, admissions or student experience. Comparable institutions and collaboration partners have tabs of their own, above.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Yaba College of Technology. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.