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Topic · Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies

Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies is a research topic within Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Science Explorer counts 23k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the design, analysis, and optimization of phase-locked loops (PLLs) and related components in high-speed circuits. Topics include frequency synthesizers, time-to-digital converters, jitter analysis, digital PLLs, charge pumps, clock recovery techniques, delta-sigma modulators, and their application in high-speed communication systems.

  • Phase-Locked Loops
  • Frequency Synthesizer
  • Time-to-Digital Converter
  • CMOS Technology
  • Jitter Analysis
  • Digital PLL
  • Charge Pump
  • Clock Recovery
  • Delta-Sigma Modulator
  • High-Speed Communication
Research works
23k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.3k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-8%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
41% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies

Which countries lead Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (928 and 355 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 928 works
  2. 2 India 355 works
  3. 3 United States 282 works
  4. 4 South Korea 214 works
  5. 5 Germany 114 works
  6. 6 Taiwan 112 works
  7. 7 Japan 84 works
  8. 8 Italy 77 works
  9. 9 Canada 45 works
  10. 10 France 41 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 41.2%India: 15.8%United States: 12.5%South Korea: 9.5%6 others listed: 21.0%41%largest
China928 · 41.2%India355 · 15.8%United States282 · 12.5%South Korea214 · 9.5%6 others listed474 · 21.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research, followed by Xidian University and University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 69 works
  2. 2 Xidian UniversityChina 48 works
  3. 3 University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChina 47 works
  4. 4 Tsinghua UniversityChina 42 works
  5. 5 Southeast UniversityChina 39 works
  6. 6 Samsung (South Korea)South Korea 35 works
  7. 7 Fudan UniversityChina 29 works
  8. 8 University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 26 works
  9. 9 Zhejiang UniversityChina 22 works
  10. 10 National Taiwan UniversityTaiwan 20 works

Who are the leading researchers in Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies include Wei Huang, Tien Yin Wong and Takashi Taniguchi.

  1. 1 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  2. 2 Tien Yin Wong Singapore 237k citations
  3. 3 Takashi Taniguchi Japan 227k citations
  4. 4 Frede Blaabjerg Denmark 203k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies?

The most cited paper in Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies is "The Design and Implementation of FFTW3" (Matteo Frigo, Steven G. Johnson, 2005), with 5,208 citations. Next come "A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators" (2,412) and "Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis" (2,196).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Design and Implementation of FFTW3 Matteo Frigo, Steven G. Johnson · Proceedings of the IEEE 24 Jan 2005 5,208
2 A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators Ali Hajimiri, T.H. Lee · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 1998 2,412
3 Analog-to-digital converter survey and analysis R.H. Walden · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications Apr 1999 2,196
4 Circuit techniques for reducing the effects of op-amp imperfections: autozeroing, correlated double sampling, and chopper stabilization Christian Enz, Gábor C. Temes · Proceedings of the IEEE Open access 1996 1,870
5 Thru-Reflect-Line: An Improved Technique for Calibrating the Dual Six-Port Automatic Network Analyzer Glenn F. Engen, Cletus A. Hoer · IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques Dec 1979 1,588
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research done?

The largest centres of Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Seoul (South Korea), Xi'an (China) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Hsinchu.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 219 works
  2. 2 SeoulSouth Korea 138 works
  3. 3 Xi'anChina 90 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 85 works
  5. 5 NanjingChina 74 works
  6. 6 ChengduChina 64 works
  7. 7 HefeiChina 47 works
  8. 8 TaipeiTaiwan 46 works
  9. 9 TokyoJapan 43 works
  10. 10 GuangzhouChina 42 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. HsinchuTW · 23.7 works10×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies than the world average.

See Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies on the map

Where is the best place to study Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies?

Among universities, judged by research, Xidian University, Tsinghua University and University of Macau score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 21.43%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Politecnico di MilanoUniversity of MacauTsinghua UniversityXidian University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Xidian UniversityChina 74.218.3%27.9×48 +96.3%
2Tsinghua UniversityChina 74.223.5%7.6×42 +46.4%
3University of MacauChina 69.724.1%17.9×14 -15.4%
4Politecnico di MilanoItaly 67.526.7%11.5×20 -18.1%
5University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChina 60.08.7%17.7×47 +10.6%
6Korea UniversitySouth Korea 59.831.7%7.0×10 +15.9%
7Fudan UniversityChina 59.617.1%7.8×30 +65.1%
8Southern University of Science and TechnologyChina 58.814.1%12.5×16 +268.7%
9Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologySouth Korea 55.421.6%15.1×17 -31.3%
10Tokyo Institute of TechnologyJapan 54.928.5%11.5×10 -1.1%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies, country by country

Is Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 8% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2002.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0095% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies0.013% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies9.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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