Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Topic · Developmental Biology

Congenital limb and hand anomalies

Congenital limb and hand anomalies is a research topic within Developmental Biology. Science Explorer counts 10k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on genetic and developmental studies of congenital limb anomalies, including polydactyly, syndactyly, and other malformations. It explores the genetic heterogeneity, mutations in CBP and EP300 genes, disruptions in Shh regulatory elements, upper extremity development, embryology, various classification systems, and epidemiological aspects related to limb anomalies.

  • Limb Malformations
  • Genetic Heterogeneity
  • Polydactyly
  • Syndactyly
  • CBP and EP300 Mutations
  • Shh Regulatory Mutations
  • Upper Extremity Development
  • Embryology
  • Classification Systems
  • Epidemiology
Research works
10k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+14%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Congenital limb and hand anomalies

Which countries lead Congenital limb and hand anomalies research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (322 and 152 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 322 works
  2. 2 China 152 works
  3. 3 India 149 works
  4. 4 Japan 68 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 62 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 61 works
  7. 7 France 59 works
  8. 8 Germany 51 works
  9. 9 Italy 50 works
  10. 10 Brazil 37 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 31.9%China: 15.0%India: 14.7%Japan: 6.7%6 others listed: 31.7%32%largest
United States322 · 31.9%China152 · 15.0%India149 · 14.7%Japan68 · 6.7%6 others listed320 · 31.7%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Congenital limb and hand anomalies research?

By volume in 2022-now, All India Institute of Medical Sciences publishes the most Congenital limb and hand anomalies research, followed by Harvard University and Mayo Clinic.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 18 works
  2. 2 Harvard UniversityUnited States 10 works
  3. 3 Mayo ClinicUnited States 8 works
  4. 4 Tehran University of Medical SciencesIran 7 works
  5. 5 University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 6 works
  6. 6 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 6 works
  7. 7 Baylor College of MedicineUnited States 6 works
  8. 8 Katholisches Kinderkrankenhaus WilhelmstiftGermany 6 works
  9. 9 University of CincinnatiUnited States 6 works
  10. 10 Erasmus University RotterdamNetherlands 5 works

Who are the leading researchers in Congenital limb and hand anomalies?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Congenital limb and hand anomalies include Marco A. Marra and Nicholas G. Martin.

  1. 1 Marco A. Marra Canada 245k citations
  2. 2 Nicholas G. Martin Australia 228k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Congenital limb and hand anomalies?

The most cited paper in Congenital limb and hand anomalies is "CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF BODY HAIR GROWTH IN WOMEN" (DAVID G. FERRIMAN, J. D. GALLWEY, 1961), with 2,522 citations. Next come "Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA" (2,358) and "Mutations of the Human Homolog of Drosophila patched in the Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome" (2,038).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF BODY HAIR GROWTH IN WOMEN DAVID G. FERRIMAN, J. D. GALLWEY · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Nov 1961 2,522
2 Sonic hedgehog mediates the polarizing activity of the ZPA Robert D. Riddle, Randy L. Johnson, Ed Laufer et al. · Cell Dec 1993 2,358
3 Mutations of the Human Homolog of Drosophila patched in the Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Heidi Hahn et al. · Cell Open access Jun 1996 2,038
4 Human Homolog of patched , a Candidate Gene for the Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome Ronald L. Johnson, Alana Rothman, Jingwu Xie et al. · Science 14 Jun 1996 1,868
5 Regulation of the Hedgehog and Wingless signalling pathways by the F-box/WD40-repeat protein Slimb Jin Jiang, Gary Struhl · Nature 1998 1,745
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Congenital limb and hand anomalies research done?

The largest centres of Congenital limb and hand anomalies research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), New Delhi (India), Paris (France) and Tokyo (Japan).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 21 works
  2. 2 New DelhiIndia 19 works
  3. 3 ParisFrance 18 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 17 works
  5. 5 New YorkUnited States 16 works
  6. 6 IstanbulTürkiye 16 works
  7. 7 SeoulSouth Korea 15 works
  8. 8 LondonUnited Kingdom 14 works
  9. 9 PhiladelphiaUnited States 14 works
  10. 10 TehranIran 13 works
See Congenital limb and hand anomalies on the map

Where is the best place to study Congenital limb and hand anomalies?

Among universities, judged by research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Harvard University score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1All India Institute of Medical SciencesIndia 50.04.2%12.4×18 +169.7%
2Harvard UniversityUnited States 50.019.5%2.4×10 -42.0%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Congenital limb and hand anomalies, country by country

Is Congenital limb and hand anomalies research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 14% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Congenital limb and hand anomalies.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Congenital limb and hand anomalies as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0066% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Congenital limb and hand anomalies0.0064% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Congenital limb and hand anomalies over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Congenital limb and hand anomalies10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Congenital limb and hand anomalies. Keep it to the research: no personal attacks, advertising or links. Any reader can report a post, which collapses it for everyone until it is opened.