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Topic · Reproductive Medicine

Legal Cases and Commentary

Legal Cases and Commentary is a research topic within Reproductive Medicine. Science Explorer counts 12k research works in it since 1950. 10.6% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of scientific research topics, including scientific opinions on health claims, international law, copyright law, antitrust laws, corporate governance, environmental permitting, financial sector supervision, surrogacy regulation, and blockchain and smart contracting.

  • scientific opinion
  • health claims
  • international law
  • copyright law
  • antitrust laws
  • corporate governance
  • environmental permitting
  • financial sector supervision
  • surrogacy regulation
  • blockchain and smart contracting
Research works
12k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.3k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.6%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-20%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
59% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Legal Cases and Commentary

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Legal Cases and Commentary research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (657 and 100 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 657 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 100 works
  3. 3 Germany 78 works
  4. 4 Italy 63 works
  5. 5 Canada 49 works
  6. 6 China 46 works
  7. 7 India 42 works
  8. 8 Indonesia 35 works
  9. 9 Brazil 28 works
  10. 10 France 24 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 58.5%United Kingdom: 8.9%Germany: 7.0%Italy: 5.6%6 others listed: 20.0%59%largest
United States657 · 58.5%United Kingdom100 · 8.9%Germany78 · 7.0%Italy63 · 5.6%6 others listed224 · 20.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Legal Cases and Commentary research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Ferrara publishes the most Legal Cases and Commentary research, followed by Health Affairs and University of Michigan.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of FerraraItaly 32 works
  2. 2 Health AffairsUnited States 24 works
  3. 3 University of MichiganUnited States 15 works
  4. 4 The Ohio State UniversityUnited States 12 works
  5. 5 Rosemont CollegeUnited States 11 works
  6. 6 Iraqi UniversityIraq 10 works
  7. 7 Yale UniversityUnited States 8 works
  8. 8 Georgetown UniversityUnited States 7 works
  9. 9 Environmental Law InstituteUnited States 7 works
  10. 10 Indiana UniversityUnited States 7 works

Who are the leading researchers in Legal Cases and Commentary?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Legal Cases and Commentary include David Moher, George Davey Smith and Giuseppe Remuzzi.

  1. 1 David Moher Canada 898k citations
  2. 2 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  3. 3 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  4. 4 John P. A. Ioannidis United States 317k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Legal Cases and Commentary?

The most cited paper in Legal Cases and Commentary is "U.S. News and World Report" (Brooks E. Hefner, Edward Timke, Kevin J Hegg, 2020), with 1,699 citations. Next come "Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law" (1,347) and "Report of Four Cases" (1,181).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 U.S. News and World Report Brooks E. Hefner, Edward Timke, Kevin J Hegg · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) Preprint 14 Feb 2020 1,699
2 Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Antidiscrimination Law Kimberle Williams Crenshaw · Harvard Law Review May 1988 1,347
3 Report of Four Cases Raymond G. Bunge, William C. Keettel, J.K. Sherman · Fertility and Sterility Open access Nov 1954 1,181
4 The Federal Communications Commission R. H. Coase · The Journal of Law and Economics Nov 2013 783
5 Development Projects Observed W. Paul Strassman · Journal of Economic Issues Jun 1968 765
All 102 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Legal Cases and Commentary research done?

The largest centres of Legal Cases and Commentary research in 2022-now are Washington D.C. (United States), New York (United States), London (United Kingdom) and Ferrara (Italy). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Ferrara, Bethesda and Washington D.C..

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 Washington D.C.United States 40 works
  2. 2 New YorkUnited States 38 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 36 works
  4. 4 FerraraItaly 32 works
  5. 5 BethesdaUnited States 24 works
  6. 6 Ann ArborUnited States 15 works
  7. 7 BeijingChina 14 works
  8. 8 ColumbusUnited States 13 works
  9. 9 BerlinGermany 13 works
  10. 10 BostonUnited States 12 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. FerraraIT · 32.2 works116×
  2. BethesdaUS · 24.3 works15×
  3. Washington D.C.US · 40.1 works7.8×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Legal Cases and Commentary than the world average.

See Legal Cases and Commentary on the map

Where is the best place to study Legal Cases and Commentary?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Michigan, University of Ferrara and The Ohio State University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 10.2333%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of MichiganThe Ohio State Unive…Yale UniversityUniversity of Ferrara
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of MichiganUnited States 69.917.4%8.1×15 +131.0%
2University of FerraraItaly 49.57.3%154.5×32 -
3The Ohio State UniversityUnited States 41.29.8%8.3×12 +60.6%
4Yale UniversityUnited States 38.78.8%6.2×8 -0.1%
5Iraqi UniversityIraq 34.88.6%49.9×10 -
6Rosemont CollegeUnited States 34.79.5%3417.6×11 -

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Legal Cases and Commentary, country by country

Is Legal Cases and Commentary research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 20% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2015.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Legal Cases and Commentary as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0051% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Legal Cases and Commentary0.0054% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Legal Cases and Commentary over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Legal Cases and Commentary9.8% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

Discussion

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