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Topic · Reproductive Medicine

Sperm and Testicular Function

Sperm and Testicular Function is a research topic within Reproductive Medicine. Science Explorer counts 52k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on male infertility, reproductive health, and the underlying factors affecting sperm quality and testicular function. It covers topics such as sperm DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, spermatogonial stem cells, and the role of androgen receptors in spermatogenesis. Additionally, it explores trends in fertility and the impact of environmental and genetic factors on male reproductive disorders.

  • Sperm DNA Fragmentation
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Spermatogonial Stem Cells
  • Testicular Function
  • Reproductive Hormones
  • Sperm Quality
  • Germ Cell Development
  • Androgen Receptor
  • Semen Analysis
  • Fertility Trends
Research works
52k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+3%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
32% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Sperm and Testicular Function

This ranks research output and citation impact. It says nothing about the quality of diagnosis, treatment or care.

Which countries lead Sperm and Testicular Function research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.6k and 953 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.6k works
  2. 2 United States 953 works
  3. 3 India 489 works
  4. 4 Iran 400 works
  5. 5 Brazil 296 works
  6. 6 Türkiye 293 works
  7. 7 Japan 264 works
  8. 8 Italy 257 works
  9. 9 Spain 245 works
  10. 10 Egypt 215 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 31.5%United States: 19.1%India: 9.8%Iran: 8.0%6 others listed: 31.5%32%largest
China1,570 · 31.5%United States953 · 19.1%India489 · 9.8%Iran400 · 8.0%6 others listed1,571 · 31.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Sperm and Testicular Function research?

By volume in 2022-now, Indian Council of Agricultural Research publishes the most Sperm and Testicular Function research, followed by Cornell University and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchIndia 75 works
  2. 2 Cornell UniversityUnited States 54 works
  3. 3 Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina 43 works
  4. 4 Cairo UniversityEgypt 39 works
  5. 5 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 38 works
  6. 6 Sichuan UniversityChina 37 works
  7. 7 Islamic Azad University, TehranIran 36 works
  8. 8 Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 36 works
  9. 9 Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 34 works
  10. 10 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 33 works

Who are the leading researchers in Sperm and Testicular Function?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Sperm and Testicular Function include Ahmedin Jemal, Freddie Bray and Walter Churchill Willett.

  1. 1 Ahmedin Jemal United States 761k citations
  2. 2 Freddie Bray France 550k citations
  3. 3 Walter Churchill Willett United States 411k citations
  4. 4 Hermann Brenner Germany 343k citations
  5. 5 Jun Wang China 340k citations
  6. 6 Richard A. Gibbs United States 292k citations
  7. 7 Patrick M. Bossuyt Netherlands 270k citations
  8. 8 Xiaogang Wang China 260k citations
  9. 9 Amirhossein Sahebkar Iran 258k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Sperm and Testicular Function?

The most cited paper in Sperm and Testicular Function is "The Physiology of Reproduction" (Marc Legendre, Bernard Jalabert, 1988), with 7,880 citations. Next come "Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte" (3,607) and "World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics*‡" (2,857).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Physiology of Reproduction Marc Legendre, Bernard Jalabert · Annals of Internal Medicine 15 Jul 1988 7,880
2 Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte Gianpiero D. Palermo · The Lancet Jul 1992 3,607
3 World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics*‡ Trevor G. Cooper, Elizabeth A. Noonan, Sigrid von Eckardstein et al. · Human Reproduction Update 24 Nov 2009 2,857
4 A unique view on male infertility around the globe Ashok Kumar Agarwal, Aditi A. Mulgund, Alaa Hamada et al. · Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open access 25 Apr 2015 2,465
5 Men at risk: occupation and male infertility Paul Claman · Fertility and Sterility Open access Mar 2004 2,392
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Sperm and Testicular Function research done?

The largest centres of Sperm and Testicular Function research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Tehran (Iran), Guangzhou (China) and Nanjing (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Karnāl and Urmia.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 182 works
  2. 2 TehranIran 154 works
  3. 3 GuangzhouChina 104 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 83 works
  5. 5 ShanghaiChina 80 works
  6. 6 ChengduChina 70 works
  7. 7 São PauloBrazil 68 works
  8. 8 WuhanChina 66 works
  9. 9 MoscowRussia 65 works
  10. 10 New YorkUnited States 62 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. KarnālIN · 26.0 works36×
  2. UrmiaIR · 20.9 works14×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Sperm and Testicular Function than the world average.

See Sperm and Testicular Function on the map

Where is the best place to study Sperm and Testicular Function?

Among universities, judged by research, Cornell University, Cairo University and Sun Yat-sen University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 20.51%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Sun Yat-sen UniversityAnhui Medical Univer…Cairo UniversityCornell University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Cornell UniversityUnited States 64.011.5%6.0×54 -0.7%
2Cairo UniversityEgypt 61.613.2%7.5×39 +37.4%
3Sun Yat-sen UniversityChina 60.822.8%2.4×34 +13.8%
4Anhui Medical UniversityChina 60.320.4%7.2×23 +114.1%
5National and Kapodistrian University of AthensGreece 60.242.0%2.6×9 +119.7%
6University of Newcastle AustraliaAustralia 60.020.7%10.2×17 -7.8%
7Nanjing Medical UniversityChina 57.414.4%5.8×36 +12.2%
8Nantong UniversityChina 56.724.4%5.2×16 +125.3%
9Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChina 54.724.1%7.3×14 +34.4%
10Sichuan UniversityChina 54.511.6%2.4×37 +136.8%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Sperm and Testicular Function, country by country

Is Sperm and Testicular Function research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 3% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Sperm and Testicular Function.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Sperm and Testicular Function as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.031% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Sperm and Testicular Function0.032% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Sperm and Testicular Function over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Sperm and Testicular Function10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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