Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics is a research topic within Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics. Science Explorer counts 37k research works in it since 1950. 12.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.
This cluster of papers focuses on the photonics and optoelectronics of lithium niobate crystals, covering a wide range of topics such as optical modulators, photonic crystals, electro-optic effects, nonlinear optics, integrated photonics, frequency conversion, microresonators, and holographic data storage.
- Lithium Niobate
- Photonics
- Optical Modulators
- Photonic Crystals
- Electro-optic Effects
- Nonlinear Optics
- Integrated Photonics
- Frequency Conversion
- Microresonators
- Holographic Data Storage
- Research works
- 37k fractional, since 1950
- In the world top 10%
- 4.6k per year above
- Top-10% rate
- 12.2% share of its works in the world top 10%
- Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
- -3% the tick is no change
Which countries lead Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research?
By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.3k and 334 works in 2022–2025).
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 China 1.3k works
- 2 United States 334 works
- 3 Russia 289 works
- 4 Japan 160 works
- 5 India 137 works
- 6 Germany 127 works
- 7 France 125 works
- 8 South Korea 71 works
- 9 United Kingdom 56 works
- 10 ?? 48 works
How concentrated that is
The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.
Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.
Which institutions lead Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research?
By volume in 2022–2025, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research, followed by University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shandong University.
By volume, 2022–2025
- 1 Chinese Academy of Sciences China 63 works
- 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China 42 works
- 3 Shandong University China 38 works
- 4 Zhejiang University China 32 works
- 5 Shanghai Jiao Tong University China 24 works
- 6 Sun Yat-sen University China 22 works
- 7 Huazhong University of Science and Technology China 22 works
- 8 Fujian Normal University China 21 works
- 9 Nankai University China 20 works
- 10 Tianjin University China 20 works
Who are the leading researchers in Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics?
The most-cited researchers publishing on Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics include Kenji Watanabe and M. Cardona.
- 1 Kenji Watanabe 6.4k citations
- 2 M. Cardona 4.1k citations
Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.
Where is Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research done?
The largest centres of Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research in 2022–2025 are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Moscow (Russia) and Guangzhou (China).
Where is the best place to study Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics?
Among universities, judged by research, South China Normal University, Nankai University and Shanxi University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.
One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.
| # | University | Score | Top 10% | Specialisation | Works | Growth |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | South China Normal University China | 68.2 | 29.7% | 10.4× | 11 | +77.4% |
| 2 | Nankai University China | 63.3 | 25.7% | 9.9× | 20 | -27.4% |
| 3 | Shanxi University China | 62.8 | 27.9% | 11.7× | 9 | +63.6% |
| 4 | École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland | 58.8 | 19.6% | 9.7× | 12 | -11.9% |
| 5 | ETH Zurich Switzerland | 58.1 | 29.4% | 4.9× | 10 | +79.5% |
| 6 | University of Rochester United States | 55.5 | 14.8% | 10.6× | 9 | +137.0% |
| 7 | University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China | 55.1 | 9.3% | 8.2× | 42 | +69.9% |
| 8 | Shandong Normal University China | 54.8 | 23.2% | 15.2× | 12 | -19.8% |
| 9 | Shandong University China | 54.2 | 10.1% | 10.4× | 38 | -23.2% |
| 10 | Zhejiang University China | 52.0 | 24.2% | 5.3× | 32 | -44.2% |
Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.
Is Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics research growing?
Output in 2018–2022 was 3% lower than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2007.
The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.
Which topics inside it are moving
Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.