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Nonprofit · San Francisco · United States

Bay Institute

In research, Bay Institute stands highest in Physical Sciences (#2,341 of 10,670 worldwide), 2022-now.

bay.orgROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#4,022
of 22,385 · #2,692 all time
Rank in United States
#571
of 3,332
Research works
1.2k
▲ 128% vs 2018-21
Citations
39k
33.4 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
12.4%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
1.11×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
35%
world 40%
International
25%
world 18%
Bay Institute

What is Bay Institute known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Physical SciencesDomain #2,341 of 10,670 12.1%134 #2091

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Bay Institute sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Bay Institute work in?

In 2022-now, 56% of research at Bay Institute is in Physical Sciences, 16% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Engineering (19%), Computer Science (14%), Medicine (11%). It does 1.4× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 164 fractional works · 55.6% of its workEngineering: 55 fractional works · 18.6% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 10 fractional works · 3.5% of its workOcean Engineering: 7 fractional works · 2.5% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 7 fractional works · 2.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 5 fractional works · 1.8% of its workMechanical Engineering: 5 fractional works · 1.5% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workAerospace Engineering: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 3 fractional works · 1.1% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 3 fractional works · 0.9% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workBuilding and Construction: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMechanics of Materials: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMedia Technology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSafety, Risk, Reliability and Quality: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science: 41 fractional works · 14.0% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 13 fractional works · 4.5% of its workInformation Systems: 10 fractional works · 3.4% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 6 fractional works · 2.1% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 3 fractional works · 1.0% of its workSignal Processing: 3 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Science: 28 fractional works · 9.3% of its workEcology: 10 fractional works · 3.3% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 5 fractional works · 1.6% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 3 fractional works · 1.0% of its workWater Science and Technology: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPollution: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 10 fractional works · 3.5% of its workOceanography: 8 fractional works · 2.8% of its workAtmospheric Science: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMaterials Science: 9 fractional works · 3.0% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 5 fractional works · 1.8% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBiomaterials: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workChemistry: 6 fractional works · 2.1% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 3 fractional works · 1.1% of its workInorganic Chemistry: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workElectrochemistry: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 6 fractional works · 2.1% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 4 fractional works · 1.4% of its workCondensed Matter Physics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 6 fractional works · 2.0% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 6 fractional works · 1.9% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workCatalysis: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSocial Sciences: 47 fractional works · 16.0% of its workSocial Sciences: 26 fractional works · 8.7% of its workSociology and Political Science: 8 fractional works · 2.5% of its workEducation: 5 fractional works · 1.7% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 5 fractional works · 1.7% of its workSafety Research: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workGender Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workLaw: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workUrban Studies: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGeography, Planning and Development: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 8 fractional works · 2.8% of its workManagement Information Systems: 4 fractional works · 1.4% of its workMarketing: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workStrategy and Management: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 5 fractional works · 1.5% of its workClinical Psychology: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDecision Sciences: 4 fractional works · 1.5% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 4 fractional works · 1.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 3 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workArts and Humanities: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Sciences: 44 fractional works · 14.9% of its workMedicine: 33 fractional works · 11.0% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workPharmacology: 3 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEpidemiology: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSurgery: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workPhysiology: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOphthalmology: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOncology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Informatics: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 1.8% of its workHealth Professions: 11 fractional works · 3.6% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 5 fractional works · 1.6% of its workHealth Information Management: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workRadiological and Ultrasound Technology: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workSpeech and Hearing: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDentistry: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workNursing: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 40 fractional works · 13.6% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 20 fractional works · 6.7% of its workMolecular Biology: 11 fractional works · 3.6% of its workCell Biology: 2 fractional works · 0.7% of its workBiophysics: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGenetics: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workCancer Research: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBiotechnology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 8 fractional works · 2.9% of its workPlant Science: 3 fractional works · 1.1% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 2 fractional works · 0.6% of its workAquatic Science: 1 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSoil Science: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 7 fractional works · 2.2% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 4 fractional works · 1.3% of its workCellular and Molecular Neuroscience: 2 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNeurology: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 4 fractional works · 1.5% of its workImmunology: 3 fractional works · 1.0% of its workParasitology: 1 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmaceutical Science: 1 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workALL ITS WORKBay Institute295fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences14%Physical Sciences56%Health Sciences15%Social Sciences16%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Engineering5518.6%
    2. Computer Science4114.0%
    3. Environmental Science289.3%
    4. Earth and Planetary Sciences103.5%
    5. Materials Science93.0%
    6. Chemistry62.1%
    7. Physics and Astronomy62.1%
    8. Energy62.0%
    9. Chemical Engineering20.7%
    10. Mathematics10.2%
    1. Social Sciences268.7%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting82.8%
    3. Psychology51.5%
    4. Decision Sciences41.5%
    5. Economics, Econometrics and Finance31.2%
    6. Arts and Humanities10.3%
    1. Medicine3311.0%
    2. Health Professions113.6%
    3. Dentistry00.1%
    4. Nursing00.1%
    5. Veterinary00.1%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology206.7%
    2. Agricultural and Biological Sciences82.9%
    3. Neuroscience72.2%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology41.5%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics10.3%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.60× its world share, 8 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1.25× its world share, 20 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 1.48× its world share, 4 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 1.37× its world share, 7 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.90× its world share, 1 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 1.91× its world share, 2 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 1.36× its world share, 6 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.80× its world share, 41 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 2.26× its world share, 10 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 2.14× its world share, 6 worksEnergyEngineering: 1.24× its world share, 55 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 1.88× its world share, 28 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.86× its world share, 9 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.20× its world share, 1 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.95× its world share, 6 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.30× its world share, 0 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.35× its world share, 10 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.57× its world share, 33 worksMedicineNursing: 0.14× its world share, 0 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.50× its world share, 0 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.11× its world share, 1 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.87× its world share, 8 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.52× its world share, 4 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.55× its world share, 4 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.50× its world share, 4 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.69× its world share, 26 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2.3×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Earth and Planetary Sciences2.26×10 works
  2. Energy2.14×6 works
  3. Chemical Engineering1.91×2 works
  4. Environmental Science1.88×28 works
  5. Computer Science1.80×41 works
  6. Decision Sciences1.52×4 works
  7. Immunology and Microbiology1.48×4 works
  8. Neuroscience1.37×7 works
  9. Chemistry1.36×6 works
  10. Health Professions1.35×10 works
  11. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1.25×20 works
  12. Engineering1.24×55 works
  13. Physics and Astronomy0.95×6 works
  14. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.90×1 works
  15. Business, Management and Accounting0.87×8 works
  16. Materials Science0.86×9 works
  17. Social Sciences0.69×26 works
  18. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.60×8 works
  19. Medicine0.57×33 works
  20. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.55×4 works
  21. Veterinary0.50×0 works
  22. Psychology0.50×4 works
  23. Dentistry0.30×0 works
  24. Mathematics0.20×1 works
  25. Nursing0.14×0 works
  26. Arts and Humanities0.11×1 works

Who are the top researchers at Bay Institute?

Ranked on the quality score, Susan Lynn Williams, Robert W. Risebrough and Steven G. Morgan lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Bay Institute.

  1. 1 Susan Lynn Williams United States · #163,416 worldwide 21k citations · 154 works
  2. 2 Robert W. Risebrough United States · #254,331 worldwide 7.1k citations · 113 works
  3. 3 Steven G. Morgan United States · #885,919 worldwide 6.7k citations · 134 works
  4. 4 Jay L. Taft United States · #948,669 worldwide 1.8k citations · 23 works
  5. 5 Andrew D. Eaton United States · #1,517,684 worldwide 6.6k citations · 42 works
  6. 6 E. S. Chang United States · #1,791,917 worldwide 1.1k citations · 26 works
  7. 7 Brock W De Lappe United States · #1,829,144 worldwide 778 citations · 14 works
  8. 8 Ernest S. Chang United States · #1,982,639 worldwide 5k citations · 137 works
  9. 9 Vic A. Narurkar United States · #2,021,735 worldwide 1.2k citations · 71 works
  10. 10 Wayman Walker United States · #2,066,469 worldwide 661 citations · 19 works
All ranked researchers at Bay Institute

What are the most cited papers from Bay Institute?

The most cited paper from Bay Institute is "Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems" (James J. Elser, Matthew E. S. Bracken, Elsa E. Cleland et al., 2007), with 4,676 citations. Next come "Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems" (3,987) and "A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems" (3,119).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems James J. Elser, Matthew E. S. Bracken, Elsa E. Cleland et al. · Ecology Letters Open access 8 Oct 2007 4,676
2 Accelerating loss of seagrasses across the globe threatens coastal ecosystems Michelle Waycott, Carlos Manuel Duarte, Tim J. B. Carruthers et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Open access 8 Jul 2009 3,987
3 A Global Crisis for Seagrass Ecosystems Robert J. Orth, Tim J. B. Carruthers, William C. Dennison et al. · BioScience Open access 2006 3,119
4 The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Christopher D. G. Harley, A. Randall Hughes, Kristin M. Hultgren et al. · Ecology Letters Open access 12 Jan 2006 2,726
5 Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Ryan Crim et al. · Global Change Biology Open access 21 Feb 2013 2,349
All 61 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Bay Institute?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Climate Change, Big Data, Ocean Acidification, Neural Networks, Healthcare and Cybersecurity.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Deep Learning24▲ 2.4×57 topics
  2. Machine Learning24▲ 2.4×51 topics
  3. Climate Change17▲ 2.1×43 topics
  4. Neural Networks10▲ 2.3×24 topics
  5. Big Data10▲ 3.5×11 topics
  6. Sustainability9▲ 1.30×20 topics
  7. Healthcare9▲ 2.8×12 topics
  8. Artificial Intelligence8▲ 1.86×17 topics
  9. Supply Chain Management6▲ 2.4×7 topics
  10. Data Mining6▲ 2.9×8 topics
  11. Ocean Acidification6▲ 27×3 topics
  12. Internet of Things6▲ 2.3×10 topics
  13. Cybersecurity5▲ 7.1×4 topics
  14. Anomaly Detection5▲ 5.9×4 topics
  15. Catalysis5▲ 2.5×15 topics
  16. Aquaculture5▲ 6.3×6 topics
  17. Benthic Communities4▲ 25×2 topics
  18. Marine Biodiversity4▲ 25×2 topics
  19. Big Data Analytics4▲ 6.9×4 topics
  20. IoT Security4▲ 4.5×3 topics
  21. Coastal Protection4▲ 20×2 topics
  22. Predictive Analytics4▲ 12×2 topics
  23. Climate Change Impacts4▲ 10×3 topics
  24. Electrocatalysis4▲ 4.2×5 topics
  25. Numerical Simulation4▲ 4.2×8 topics
  26. Analytics3▲ 13×1 topic
  27. Business Intelligence3▲ 13×1 topic
  28. Transparency3▲ 7.9×3 topics
  29. Metabolic Disorders3▲ 9.3×4 topics
  30. Accountability3▲ 8.6×2 topics
  31. Fluid-Structure Interaction3▲ 7.1×5 topics
  32. Control Strategies3▲ 7.1×4 topics
  33. Cannabinoid Receptors3▲ 30×1 topic
  34. Ecosystem Resilience3▲ 6.5×2 topics
  35. Endocannabinoid System3▲ 30×1 topic
  36. Fisheries Sustainability3▲ 11×2 topics
  37. Kelp Forests3▲ 31×1 topic
  38. Marine Environment3▲ 6.7×3 topics
  39. Seagrasses3▲ 31×1 topic
  40. Turbulent Flow3▲ 7.8×3 topics

Which research topics does Bay Institute publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Big Data and Business Intelligence, Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, Marine and coastal plant biology and Network Security and Intrusion Detection.

Big Data and Business In…3Big Data and Business Intelligence: 3 fractional worksCannabis and Cannabinoid…3Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research: 3 fractional worksMarine and coastal plant biology: 3 fractional worksNetwork Security and Intrusion Detection: 2 fractional worksMarine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies: 2 fractional worksEthics and Social Impacts of AI: 2 fractional worksCoral and Marine Ecosystems Studies: 2 fractional worksArtificial Intelligence …2Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: 2 fractional worksOccupational Health and Safety Research: 2 fractional worksMarine Biology and Ecology Research: 2 fractional works
Management Information SystemsPharmacologyOceanographyComputer Networks and Communications5 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Big Data and Business Intelligence Management Information Systems 3 works
  2. 2 Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research Pharmacology 3 works
  3. 3 Marine and coastal plant biology Oceanography 3 works
  4. 4 Network Security and Intrusion Detection Computer Networks and Communications 2 works
  5. 5 Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies Global and Planetary Change 2 works
  6. 6 Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Safety Research 2 works
  7. 7 Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies Ecology 2 works
  8. 8 Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Health Information Management 2 works
  9. 9 Occupational Health and Safety Research Radiological and Ultrasound Technology 2 works
  10. 10 Marine Biology and Ecology Research Oceanography 2 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available35.4%not open64.6%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors25.0%domestic only75.0%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Bay Institute's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 128% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Bay Institute as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0011% in 2024.

still counting0.0025%0.0050%0.0075%Bay Institute0.0019% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Bay Institute over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%Bay Institute11.3% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 202520102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 19.1% in 2007.

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Bay Institute on Science Explorer

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