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Company · New York · United States

Goldman Sachs (United States)

In research, Goldman Sachs (United States) stands highest in Social Sciences (#4,181 of 14,833 worldwide), Economics, Econometrics and Finance (#1,239 of 3,142 worldwide) and Physical Sciences (#7,499 of 17,446 worldwide), over all time.

goldmansachs.comROR OpenAlex
World rank, all time
#6,381
of 34,923
Rank in United States
#1,337
of 7,310
Research works
765
▼ 31% vs 2018-21
Citations
29k
37.4 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
13.8%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
1.25×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
34%
world 40%
International
17%
world 18%
Goldman Sachs (United States)

What is Goldman Sachs (United States) known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, over all time, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorks
Social SciencesDomain #4,181 of 14,833 13.2%513
Economics, Econometrics and FinanceField #1,239 of 3,142 15.7%291
Physical SciencesDomain #7,499 of 17,446 10.8%138
FinanceSubfield #446 of 663 16.1%153

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where Goldman Sachs (United States) sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which fields of science does Goldman Sachs (United States) work in?

In 2022-now, 40% of research at Goldman Sachs (United States) is in Social Sciences, 38% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Computer Science (25%), Economics, Econometrics and Finance (13%), Medicine (13%). It does 1.5× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 25 fractional works · 39.8% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 8 fractional works · 13.4% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 4 fractional works · 5.7% of its workFinance: 3 fractional works · 5.0% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 2 fractional works · 2.7% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 7 fractional works · 11.1% of its workAccounting: 4 fractional works · 6.9% of its workManagement Information Systems: 2 fractional works · 3.2% of its workStrategy and Management: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMarketing: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSocial Sciences: 6 fractional works · 9.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 2 fractional works · 3.1% of its workSafety Research: 2 fractional works · 2.8% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 1 fractional works · 1.1% of its workDemography: 1 fractional works · 0.9% of its workDevelopment: 0 fractional works · 0.6% of its workLibrary and Information Sciences: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEducation: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workCommunication: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 1 fractional works · 2.1% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 1 fractional works · 2.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 1 fractional works · 1.7% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 1 fractional works · 1.1% of its workHistory: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workPsychology: 1 fractional works · 1.6% of its workSocial Psychology: 1 fractional works · 1.2% of its workClinical Psychology: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysical Sciences: 24 fractional works · 37.9% of its workComputer Science: 16 fractional works · 25.4% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 6 fractional works · 9.7% of its workInformation Systems: 4 fractional works · 5.7% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 3 fractional works · 4.7% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 2 fractional works · 3.0% of its workSignal Processing: 1 fractional works · 1.2% of its workHardware and Architecture: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputer Science Applications: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEngineering: 4 fractional works · 6.4% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 2 fractional works · 2.4% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 1 fractional works · 1.5% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMechanical Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMechanics of Materials: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBuilding and Construction: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Science: 2 fractional works · 2.5% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 0 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPollution: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEcology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 1 fractional works · 2.3% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 1 fractional works · 1.5% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 0 fractional works · 0.7% of its workMaterials Science: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workHealth Sciences: 11 fractional works · 17.7% of its workMedicine: 8 fractional works · 12.9% of its workEpidemiology: 2 fractional works · 2.6% of its workPhysiology: 1 fractional works · 1.5% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 1 fractional works · 1.3% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 1 fractional works · 1.2% of its workEmergency Medicine: 1 fractional works · 1.2% of its workCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth Informatics: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInfectious Diseases: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNeurology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workObstetrics and Gynecology: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.7% of its workHealth Professions: 2 fractional works · 3.9% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 2 fractional works · 3.2% of its workPharmacy: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workDentistry: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workOral Surgery: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOrthodontics: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNursing: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workLife Sciences: 3 fractional works · 4.6% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 1 fractional works · 2.1% of its workSoil Science: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPlant Science: 0 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 0 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.2% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 1 fractional works · 1.6% of its workGenetics: 0 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBiochemistry: 0 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMolecular Biology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 0 fractional works · 0.1% of its workNeuroscience: 0 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workNeurology: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmaceutical Science: 0 fractional works · 0.3% of its workALL ITS WORKGoldman Sachs(United States)62fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences5%Physical Sciences38%Health Sciences18%Social Sciences40%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 22 fields, with their numbers
    1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance813.4%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting711.1%
    3. Social Sciences69.9%
    4. Decision Sciences12.1%
    5. Arts and Humanities11.7%
    6. Psychology11.6%
    1. Computer Science1625.4%
    2. Engineering46.4%
    3. Environmental Science22.5%
    4. Physics and Astronomy12.3%
    5. Materials Science00.8%
    6. Mathematics00.3%
    7. Earth and Planetary Sciences00.2%
    8. Chemistry00.2%
    1. Medicine812.9%
    2. Health Professions23.9%
    3. Dentistry00.8%
    4. Nursing00.2%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences12.1%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology11.6%
    3. Neuroscience00.6%
    4. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics00.3%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.45× its world share, 1 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.30× its world share, 1 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Neuroscience: 0.37× its world share, 0 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.88× its world share, 0 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemistry: 0.11× its world share, 0 worksChemistryComputer Science: 3.26× its world share, 16 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.13× its world share, 0 worksEarth and Planetary …Engineering: 0.43× its world share, 4 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.50× its world share, 2 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.21× its world share, 0 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.23× its world share, 0 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 1.01× its world share, 1 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 1.56× its world share, 0 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 1.49× its world share, 2 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.67× its world share, 8 worksMedicineNursing: 0.37× its world share, 0 worksNursingArts and Humanities: 0.60× its world share, 1 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 3.44× its world share, 7 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 2.15× its world share, 1 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 6.28× its world share, 8 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.51× its world share, 1 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.78× its world share, 6 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Economics, Econometrics and Finance, 6.3×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 22 fields, with their numbers
  1. Economics, Econometrics and Finance6.28×8 works
  2. Business, Management and Accounting3.44×7 works
  3. Computer Science3.26×16 works
  4. Decision Sciences2.15×1 works
  5. Dentistry1.56×0 works
  6. Health Professions1.49×2 works
  7. Physics and Astronomy1.01×1 works
  8. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.88×0 works
  9. Social Sciences0.78×6 works
  10. Medicine0.67×8 works
  11. Arts and Humanities0.60×1 works
  12. Psychology0.51×1 works
  13. Environmental Science0.50×2 works
  14. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.45×1 works
  15. Engineering0.43×4 works
  16. Neuroscience0.37×0 works
  17. Nursing0.37×0 works
  18. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.30×1 works
  19. Mathematics0.23×0 works
  20. Materials Science0.21×0 works
  21. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.13×0 works
  22. Chemistry0.11×0 works

Who are the top researchers at Goldman Sachs (United States)?

Ranked on the quality score, Fischer Black, Alberto F. Ades and William J. Zeng lead among researchers whose main affiliation is Goldman Sachs (United States).

  1. 1 Fischer Black United States · #21,869 worldwide 61k citations · 112 works
  2. 2 Alberto F. Ades United States · #491,763 worldwide 4.5k citations · 19 works
  3. 3 William J. Zeng United States · #878,677 worldwide 1.1k citations · 79 works
  4. 4 John M. Liew United States · #973,674 worldwide 1.4k citations · 15 works
  5. 5 Silverio Foresi United States · #1,040,656 worldwide 2.3k citations · 53 works
  6. 6 Nikitas Stamatopoulos United States · #1,054,194 worldwide 628 citations · 22 works
  7. 7 Jeffrey Michael Bacidore United States · #1,535,987 worldwide 1.1k citations · 18 works
  8. 8 Jan Hatzius United States · #1,574,408 worldwide 1.4k citations · 16 works
  9. 9 Barrie A. Wigmore United States · #1,698,764 worldwide 493 citations · 30 works
  10. 10 George Sofianos United States · #1,699,445 worldwide 1.5k citations · 33 works
All ranked researchers at Goldman Sachs (United States)

What are the most cited papers from Goldman Sachs (United States)?

The most cited paper from Goldman Sachs (United States) is "Stock return variances" (Kenneth R. French, Richard W. Roll, 1986), with 1,887 citations. Next come "Common Factors Affecting Bond Returns" (1,885) and "Noise" (1,834).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Stock return variances Kenneth R. French, Richard W. Roll · Journal of Financial Economics Sep 1986 1,887
2 Common Factors Affecting Bond Returns Robert B. Litterman, Jose Alexandre Scheinkman · The Journal of Fixed Income 30 Jun 1991 1,885
3 Noise Fischer Black · The Journal of Finance Open access Jul 1986 1,834
4 Rents, Competition, and Corruption Alberto F. Ades, Rafael Di Tella · American Economic Review Open access Sep 1999 1,804
5 Modeling Asymmetric Comovements of Asset Returns Kenneth F. Kroner, Victor Ng · Review of Financial Studies Oct 1998 1,618
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at Goldman Sachs (United States)?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Big Data, Security, Machine Learning, Economic Growth, Neural Networks, Investment Decisions, Deep Learning and Income Inequality.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning6▲ 2.6×20 topics
  2. Big Data5▲ 8.1×9 topics
  3. Deep Learning4▲ 1.96×20 topics
  4. Neural Networks4▲ 3.8×11 topics
  5. Security4▲ 8.5×9 topics
  6. Artificial Intelligence3▲ 3.4×8 topics
  7. Economic Growth3▲ 5.9×7 topics
  8. Investment Decisions2▲ 31×2 topics
  9. Healthcare2▲ 3.1×6 topics
  10. Income Inequality2▲ 24×3 topics
  11. Consumer Behavior2▲ 5.2×2 topics
  12. Monetary Policy2▲ 14×3 topics
  13. Supply Chain Management2▲ 3.6×2 topics
  14. Ethics2▲ 5.6×2 topics
  15. Financial Crisis2▲ 25×2 topics
  16. Financial Literacy2▲ 32×1 topic
  17. Firm Performance2▲ 17×2 topics
  18. Retirement Planning2▲ 88×1 topic
  19. Algorithmic Bias2▲ 31×1 topic
  20. Discrimination2▲ 13×2 topics
  21. Fairness2▲ 26×1 topic
  22. Structural Change2▲ 43×2 topics
  23. Corporate Governance2▲ 3.6×3 topics
  24. Entanglement2▲ 17×3 topics
  25. Entrepreneurship2▲ 6.6×2 topics
  26. Quantum Information2▲ 22×2 topics
  27. Inequality2▲ 11×2 topics
  28. Risk Management2▲ 5.0×4 topics
  29. Support Vector Machines2▲ 7.6×3 topics
  30. Analytics1▲ 26×1 topic
  31. Business Intelligence1▲ 26×1 topic
  32. Distributed Storage1▲ 84×1 topic
  33. Network Coding1▲ 50×1 topic
  34. Cloud Computing1▲ 7.5×3 topics
  35. Neuroprotection1▲ 5.9×5 topics
  36. Primary Care1▲ 5.8×3 topics
  37. Distributed Systems1▲ 11×2 topics
  38. Quantum Algorithms1▲ 35×1 topic
  39. Quantum Computation1▲ 35×1 topic
  40. Aggregate Demand1▲ 67×1 topic

Which research topics does Goldman Sachs (United States) publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis, Ethics and Social Impacts of AI, Big Data and Business Intelligence and Advanced Data Storage Technologies.

Financial Literacy, Pens…2Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis: 2 fractional worksEthics and Social Impact…2Ethics and Social Impacts of AI: 2 fractional worksBig Data and Business In…1Big Data and Business Intelligence: 1 fractional worksAdvanced Data Storage Te…1Advanced Data Storage Technologies: 1 fractional worksQuantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture: 1 fractional worksEconomic Theory and Policy: 1 fractional worksPrivate Equity and Ventu…1Private Equity and Venture Capital: 1 fractional worksStochastic processes and financial applications: 1 fractional worksQuantum Information and Cryptography: 1 fractional worksExplainable Artificial I…1Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): 1 fractional works
AccountingSafety ResearchManagement Information SystemsComputer Networks and Communications3 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis Accounting 2 works
  2. 2 Ethics and Social Impacts of AI Safety Research 2 works
  3. 3 Big Data and Business Intelligence Management Information Systems 1 works
  4. 4 Advanced Data Storage Technologies Computer Networks and Communications 1 works
  5. 5 Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture Artificial Intelligence 1 works
  6. 6 Economic Theory and Policy General Economics, Econometrics and Finance 1 works
  7. 7 Private Equity and Venture Capital Accounting 1 works
  8. 8 Stochastic processes and financial applications Finance 1 works
  9. 9 Quantum Information and Cryptography Artificial Intelligence 1 works
  10. 10 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) Artificial Intelligence 1 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available33.9%not open66.1%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors17.4%domestic only82.6%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has Goldman Sachs (United States)'s research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 31% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Goldman Sachs (United States) as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.00019% in 2024.

still counting0.0010%0.0020%0.0030%Goldman Sachs (United States)0.00024% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Goldman Sachs (United States) over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

10%20%30%all institutions10.0% in 2021Goldman Sachs (United States)1.3% in 2021200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 27.4% in 1996.

Other research institutions in New York

All research institutions in New York

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Goldman Sachs (United States) on Science Explorer

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