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Topic · Control and Systems Engineering

Extremum Seeking Control Systems

Extremum Seeking Control Systems is a research topic within Control and Systems Engineering. Science Explorer counts 7.1k research works in it since 1951. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on extremum seeking control, a method for optimizing the performance of dynamic systems by iteratively adjusting control inputs to seek the extremum of a cost function. The papers cover various aspects such as stability analysis, adaptive control, stochastic optimization, and applications in fields like wind energy, bioreactors, and autonomous vehicles.

  • Extremum Seeking
  • Nonlinear Control
  • Adaptive Control
  • Stochastic Optimization
  • Dynamic Systems
  • Feedback Control
  • Parameter Estimation
  • Real-time Optimization
  • Multivariable Control
  • Source Seeking
Research works
7.1k
fractional, since 1951
In the world top 10%
709
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-2%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
44% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Extremum Seeking Control Systems

Which countries lead Extremum Seeking Control Systems research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (398 and 128 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 398 works
  2. 2 United States 128 works
  3. 3 India 115 works
  4. 4 Russia 75 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 37 works
  6. 6 Italy 34 works
  7. 7 France 33 works
  8. 8 Brazil 30 works
  9. 9 Germany 28 works
  10. 10 Mexico 28 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 43.9%United States: 14.1%India: 12.7%Russia: 8.3%6 others listed: 21.0%44%largest
China398 · 43.9%United States128 · 14.1%India115 · 12.7%Russia75 · 8.3%6 others listed190 · 21.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Extremum Seeking Control Systems research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most Extremum Seeking Control Systems research, followed by University of California San Diego and Harbin Institute of Technology.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 19 works
  2. 2 University of California San DiegoUnited States 18 works
  3. 3 Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 17 works
  4. 4 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 13 works
  5. 5 Beihang UniversityChina 13 works
  6. 6 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 11 works
  7. 7 Northeastern UniversityChina 11 works
  8. 8 Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityChina 10 works
  9. 9 Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazil 10 works
  10. 10 Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Extremum Seeking Control Systems?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Extremum Seeking Control Systems include Seyedali Mirjalili, Guanrong Chen and Jinde Cao.

  1. 1 Seyedali Mirjalili Australia 154k citations
  2. 2 Guanrong Chen China 116k citations
  3. 3 Jinde Cao China 104k citations
  4. 4 Melanie J. Davies United Kingdom 95k citations
  5. 5 Frank L. Lewis United States 90k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Extremum Seeking Control Systems?

The most cited paper in Extremum Seeking Control Systems is "Sliding order and sliding accuracy in sliding mode control" (Arie Levant, 1993), with 3,087 citations. Next come "PID control system analysis, design, and technology" (2,997) and "A survey of iterative learning control" (2,991).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Sliding order and sliding accuracy in sliding mode control Arie Levant · International Journal of Control Dec 1993 3,087
2 PID control system analysis, design, and technology Kiam Heong Ang, G. Chong, Yun Li · IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 22 Jun 2005 2,997
3 A survey of iterative learning control Douglas A. Bristow, Marina Tharayil, Andrew G. Alleyne · IEEE Control Systems Jun 2006 2,991
4 Simple analytic rules for model reduction and PID controller tuning Sigurd Skogestad · Journal of Process Control 28 Dec 2002 2,000
5 Automatic tuning of simple regulators with specifications on phase and amplitude margins Karl Johan Åström, Tore J. Hägglund · Automatica Open access Sep 1984 1,835
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Extremum Seeking Control Systems research done?

The largest centres of Extremum Seeking Control Systems research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Nanjing (China), Shanghai (China) and Moscow (Russia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Harbin.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 74 works
  2. 2 NanjingChina 33 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 26 works
  4. 4 MoscowRussia 24 works
  5. 5 Xi'anChina 22 works
  6. 6 HarbinChina 21 works
  7. 7 San DiegoUnited States 20 works
  8. 8 Saint PetersburgRussia 18 works
  9. 9 ChengduChina 15 works
  10. 10 Rio de JaneiroBrazil 14 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. HarbinCN · 20.7 works3.9×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Extremum Seeking Control Systems than the world average.

See Extremum Seeking Control Systems on the map

Where is the best place to study Extremum Seeking Control Systems?

Among universities, judged by research, University of California San Diego, Northeastern University and Harbin Institute of Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 14.19%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Northeastern Univers…Beihang UniversityHarbin Institute of …University of Califo…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of California San DiegoUnited States 75.58.9%16.4×18 +78.5%
2Northeastern UniversityChina 70.233.9%10.2×10 +54.1%
3Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 54.410.0%9.0×17 +83.7%
4Beihang UniversityChina 53.217.5%9.9×12 +53.9%
5Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityChina 50.022.4%7.7×10 +14.8%
6Southeast UniversityChina 38.214.0%4.7×8 +97.7%
7Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 34.412.7%6.8×9 +79.0%
8Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazil 26.64.5%17.8×10 +44.4%
9Zhejiang UniversityChina 22.59.2%2.7×8 +197.4%
10Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyChina 19.08.8%8.7×8 -17.5%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Extremum Seeking Control Systems, country by country

Is Extremum Seeking Control Systems research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 2% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2020.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Extremum Seeking Control Systems as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0057% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Extremum Seeking Control Systems0.0053% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Extremum Seeking Control Systems over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Extremum Seeking Control Systems9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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