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Topic · Control and Systems Engineering

Process Optimization and Integration

Process Optimization and Integration is a research topic within Control and Systems Engineering. Science Explorer counts 28k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers the state-of-the-art in process optimization under uncertainty, focusing on areas such as process intensification, scheduling, distillation, supply chain optimization, and the application of mathematical programming techniques. It also explores energy efficiency, water network synthesis, and sustainability metrics in the context of chemical processes.

  • Optimization
  • Process Intensification
  • Scheduling
  • Distillation
  • Supply Chain
  • Uncertainty
  • Mathematical Programming
  • Energy Efficiency
  • Water Network Synthesis
  • Sustainability Metrics
Research works
28k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+1%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
36% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Process Optimization and Integration

Which countries lead Process Optimization and Integration research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.1k and 487 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.1k works
  2. 2 United States 487 works
  3. 3 India 321 works
  4. 4 Germany 266 works
  5. 5 Russia 183 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 174 works
  7. 7 Iran 147 works
  8. 8 Brazil 146 works
  9. 9 Indonesia 122 works
  10. 10 France 119 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 36.1%United States: 15.8%India: 10.4%Germany: 8.7%6 others listed: 29.0%36%largest
China1,109 · 36.1%United States487 · 15.8%India321 · 10.4%Germany266 · 8.7%6 others listed891 · 29.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Process Optimization and Integration research?

By volume in 2022-now, Qingdao University of Science and Technology publishes the most Process Optimization and Integration research, followed by East China University of Science and Technology and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyChina 50 works
  2. 2 East China University of Science and TechnologyChina 41 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 40 works
  4. 4 Tianjin UniversityChina 34 works
  5. 5 Texas A&M UniversityUnited States 32 works
  6. 6 RWTH Aachen UniversityGermany 32 works
  7. 7 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 31 works
  8. 8 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 30 works
  9. 9 China University of Petroleum, BeijingChina 28 works
  10. 10 Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom 27 works

Who are the leading researchers in Process Optimization and Integration?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Process Optimization and Integration include Kai You Wang.

  1. 1 Kai You Wang China 224k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Process Optimization and Integration?

The most cited paper in Process Optimization and Integration is "Decision-Making in a Fuzzy Environment" (Richard Bellman, L. A. Zadeh, 1970), with 6,821 citations. Next come "What is flux balance analysis?" (4,197) and "Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions" (3,996).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Decision-Making in a Fuzzy Environment Richard Bellman, L. A. Zadeh · Management Science Open access Dec 1970 6,821
2 What is flux balance analysis? Jeffrey D. Orth, Ines Thiele, Bernhard Ørn Palsson · Nature Biotechnology Open access Mar 2010 4,197
3 Humidity fixed points of binary saturated aqueous solutions Lewis Greenspan · Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards Section A Physics and Chemistry Open access 1977 3,996
4 Generalized predictive control—Part I. The basic algorithm DAVID W. CLARKE, Coorous Mohtadi, P.S. Tuffs · Automatica Mar 1987 3,792
5 A plant-wide industrial process control problem James J. Downs, Ernest F. Vogel · Computers & Chemical Engineering Mar 1993 3,313
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Process Optimization and Integration research done?

The largest centres of Process Optimization and Integration research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Qingdao (China) and Tehran (Iran). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Guanajuato City.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 203 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 100 works
  3. 3 QingdaoChina 93 works
  4. 4 TehranIran 74 works
  5. 5 TianjinChina 64 works
  6. 6 HangzhouChina 59 works
  7. 7 LondonUnited Kingdom 58 works
  8. 8 MoscowRussia 53 works
  9. 9 Xi'anChina 47 works
  10. 10 NanjingChina 46 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Guanajuato CityMX · 24.6 works33×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Process Optimization and Integration than the world average.

See Process Optimization and Integration on the map

Where is the best place to study Process Optimization and Integration?

Among universities, judged by research, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Changzhou University and Delft University of Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 23.07%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Changzhou UniversityChongqing UniversityQingdao University o…Delft University of …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyChina 78.627.8%32.2×50 +80.9%
2Changzhou UniversityChina 70.640.9%14.7×16 +23.6%
3Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands 65.322.6%8.0×23 +234.2%
4Chongqing UniversityChina 63.333.5%2.8×13 +39.4%
5Chongqing University of Science and TechnologyChina 61.835.3%16.3×8 +350.5%
6Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom 58.413.1%6.4×27 -2.8%
7East China University of Science and TechnologyChina 57.69.3%19.7×41 +49.7%
8China University of Petroleum, East ChinaChina 57.116.6%11.9×24 +63.4%
9Swinburne University of TechnologyAustralia 54.223.8%8.9×11 +259.9%
10Carnegie Mellon UniversityUnited States 52.57.8%12.7×23 -64.4%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Process Optimization and Integration, country by country

Is Process Optimization and Integration research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 1% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Process Optimization and Integration.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Process Optimization and Integration as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.019% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Process Optimization and Integration0.020% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Process Optimization and Integration over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Process Optimization and Integration10.4% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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