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Topic · Control and Systems Engineering

Real-time simulation and control systems

Real-time simulation and control systems is a research topic within Control and Systems Engineering. Science Explorer counts 32k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on real-time simulation technologies for power systems, with an emphasis on Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation, FPGA-based emulation, and digital simulation of power electronics, electrical systems, and renewable energy applications. The papers cover topics such as control systems, electric drives, and smart grid development.

  • Hardware-in-the-Loop
  • Real-Time Simulation
  • Power Electronics
  • FPGA-Based Emulation
  • Electrical Systems
  • Digital Simulator
  • Renewable Energy
  • Control Systems
  • Electric Drives
  • Smart Grid
Research works
32k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
3.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+24%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
40% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Real-time simulation and control systems

Which countries lead Real-time simulation and control systems research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.7k and 774 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.7k works
  2. 2 United States 774 works
  3. 3 Germany 487 works
  4. 4 India 362 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 211 works
  6. 6 Italy 182 works
  7. 7 Japan 134 works
  8. 8 Canada 133 works
  9. 9 France 123 works
  10. 10 South Korea 123 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 39.9%United States: 18.4%Germany: 11.6%India: 8.6%6 others listed: 21.5%40%largest
China1,681 · 39.9%United States774 · 18.4%Germany487 · 11.6%India362 · 8.6%6 others listed906 · 21.5%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Real-time simulation and control systems research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of Portsmouth publishes the most Real-time simulation and control systems research, followed by Tsinghua University and Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of PortsmouthUnited Kingdom 56 works
  2. 2 Tsinghua UniversityChina 54 works
  3. 3 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 53 works
  4. 4 Beihang UniversityChina 44 works
  5. 5 Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)China 42 works
  6. 6 Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityChina 41 works
  7. 7 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 41 works
  8. 8 Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsChina 40 works
  9. 9 Beijing Institute of TechnologyChina 34 works
  10. 10 North China Electric Power UniversityChina 33 works

Who are the leading researchers in Real-time simulation and control systems?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Real-time simulation and control systems include Kai You Wang, Frede Blaabjerg and Qiang Zhang.

  1. 1 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  2. 2 Frede Blaabjerg Denmark 203k citations
  3. 3 Qiang Zhang China 184k citations
  4. 4 Luc Van Gool Switzerland 177k citations
  5. 5 John Bannister Goodenough United States 175k citations
  6. 6 Douglas Scott Canada 172k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Real-time simulation and control systems?

The most cited paper in Real-time simulation and control systems is "The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles" (Edward H. Glaessgen, David S. Stargel, 2012), with 2,384 citations. Next come "AirSim: High-Fidelity Visual and Physical Simulation for Autonomous Vehicles" (2,203) and "A Survey of Projection-Based Model Reduction Methods for Parametric Dynamical Systems" (1,948).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles Edward H. Glaessgen, David S. Stargel Conference paperOpen access 23 Apr 2012 2,384
2 AirSim: High-Fidelity Visual and Physical Simulation for Autonomous Vehicles Shital Shah, Debadeepta Dey, Chris Lovett et al. · Springer proceedings in advanced robotics Book chapter 2 Nov 2017 2,203
3 A Survey of Projection-Based Model Reduction Methods for Parametric Dynamical Systems Peter Benner, Serkan Gugercin, Karen E. Willcox · SIAM Review 2015 1,948
4 High-Dimensional Continuous Control Using Generalized Advantage Estimation John Schulman, Philipp Moritz, Sergey Levine et al. · arXiv (Cornell University) PreprintOpen access 8 Jun 2015 1,745
5 Toward a smart grid: power delivery for the 21st century S. Massoud Amin, B.F. Wollenberg · IEEE Power and Energy Magazine Sep 2005 1,631
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Real-time simulation and control systems research done?

The largest centres of Real-time simulation and control systems research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Nanjing (China) and Xi'an (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Portsmouth, Stuttgart and Aachen.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 371 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 181 works
  3. 3 NanjingChina 117 works
  4. 4 Xi'anChina 110 works
  5. 5 WuhanChina 77 works
  6. 6 MunichGermany 66 works
  7. 7 GuangzhouChina 66 works
  8. 8 TokyoJapan 60 works
  9. 9 HangzhouChina 59 works
  10. 10 PortsmouthUnited Kingdom 56 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. PortsmouthGB · 56.3 works57×
  2. StuttgartDE · 55.7 works12×
  3. AachenDE · 43.4 works8.8×
  4. KarlsruheDE · 32.1 works7.9×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Real-time simulation and control systems than the world average.

See Real-time simulation and control systems on the map

Where is the best place to study Real-time simulation and control systems?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Portsmouth, Technical University of Munich and Tsinghua University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 20.56%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of Portsm…Delft University of …Technical University…Tsinghua University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of PortsmouthUnited Kingdom 88.629.1%77.6×56 +174.8%
2Technical University of MunichGermany 63.820.6%7.1×30 +13.2%
3Tsinghua UniversityChina 62.814.3%4.9×54 +46.4%
4Delft University of TechnologyNetherlands 61.724.1%5.4×18 +15.7%
5Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 60.535.5%2.2×8 +45.1%
6Politecnico di TorinoItaly 60.117.3%10.9×24 +13.1%
7Southeast UniversityChina 59.521.1%3.8×27 +188.7%
8Beihang UniversityChina 59.012.9%8.3×44 +31.1%
9Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsChina 57.612.3%9.3×40 +45.7%
10University of British ColumbiaCanada 56.218.4%2.3×13 +108.7%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Real-time simulation and control systems, country by country

Is Real-time simulation and control systems research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 24% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2024. The fastest-growing topics are Real-time simulation and control systems.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Real-time simulation and control systems as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.031% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Real-time simulation and control systems0.026% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Real-time simulation and control systems over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Real-time simulation and control systems9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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