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Forgiveness and Related Behaviors

Forgiveness and Related Behaviors is a research topic within Social Psychology. Science Explorer counts 4.1k research works in it since 1952. 10.3% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the psychology of forgiveness, reconciliation, and apology in the context of interpersonal relationships, mental health, and personality traits. It delves into the impact of forgiveness on emotional well-being, the role of humility in forgiveness, and the influence of religious perspectives on forgiveness and reconciliation.

  • Forgiveness
  • Reconciliation
  • Apology
  • Humility
  • Emotion-Focused Coping
  • Interpersonal Relationships
  • Mental Health
  • Personality Traits
  • Religious Perspectives
  • Psychological Well-Being
Research works
4.1k
fractional, since 1952
In the world top 10%
425
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.3%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+36%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
40% of the 10 largest, 2022-now

Which countries lead Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research?

By volume, the United States and Türkiye publish the most (347 and 90 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 347 works
  2. 2 Türkiye 90 works
  3. 3 Indonesia 82 works
  4. 4 China 79 works
  5. 5 United Kingdom 76 works
  6. 6 Germany 46 works
  7. 7 India 36 works
  8. 8 Iran 36 works
  9. 9 Spain 34 works
  10. 10 Poland 34 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 40.4%Türkiye: 10.5%Indonesia: 9.6%China: 9.2%6 others listed: 30.4%40%largest
United States347 · 40.4%Türkiye90 · 10.5%Indonesia82 · 9.6%China79 · 9.2%6 others listed261 · 30.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research?

By volume in 2022-now, Islamic Azad University, Tehran publishes the most Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research, followed by Liberty University and University of Chicago.

Who are the leading researchers in Forgiveness and Related Behaviors?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Forgiveness and Related Behaviors include Dan J. Stein and Roy Frederick Baumeister.

  1. 1 Dan J. Stein South Africa 306k citations
  2. 2 Roy Frederick Baumeister United States 183k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Forgiveness and Related Behaviors?

The most cited paper in Forgiveness and Related Behaviors is "Guilt: An interpersonal approach." (Roy Frederick Baumeister, Arlene M. Stillwell, Todd F. Heatherton, 1994), with 1,757 citations. Next come "Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships." (1,230) and "Dispositional Forgiveness of Self, Others, and Situations" (1,082).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Roy Frederick Baumeister, Arlene M. Stillwell, Todd F. Heatherton · Psychological Bulletin 1994 1,757
2 Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Michael E. McCullough, Jr. Worthington Everett L., K. Chris Rachal · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997 1,230
3 Dispositional Forgiveness of Self, Others, and Situations Laura Yamhure Thompson, Charles R. R. Snyder, Lesa Hoffman et al. · Journal of Personality 17 Jan 2005 1,082
4 Removing the Shadow of Suspicion: The Effects of Apology Versus Denial for Repairing Competence- Versus Integrity-Based Trust Violations. Peter H. Kim, Donald Lee Ferrin, Cecily D. Cooper et al. · Journal of Applied Psychology Open access 2004 1,062
5 Expressed Humility in Organizations: Implications for Performance, Teams, and Leadership Bradley Paul Owens, Michael D. Johnson, Terence R. Mitchell · Organization Science 13 Feb 2013 902
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research done?

The largest centres of Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research in 2022-now are New York (United States), Istanbul (Türkiye), London (United Kingdom) and Ankara (Türkiye).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 New YorkUnited States 17 works
  2. 2 IstanbulTürkiye 17 works
  3. 3 LondonUnited Kingdom 13 works
  4. 4 AnkaraTürkiye 12 works
  5. 5 BeijingChina 11 works
  6. 6 JakartaIndonesia 11 works
  7. 7 ChicagoUnited States 10 works
  8. 8 ShanghaiChina 10 works
  9. 9 YogyakartaIndonesia 9 works
  10. 10 TehranIran 9 works
See Forgiveness and Related Behaviors on the map

Where is the best place to study Forgiveness and Related Behaviors?

Among universities, judged by research, Liberty University and Islamic Azad University, Tehran score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Liberty UniversityUnited States 60.04.8%236.3×8 +111.6%
2Islamic Azad University, TehranIran 50.00.9%9.1×17 +35.9%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Forgiveness and Related Behaviors, country by country

Is Forgiveness and Related Behaviors research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 36% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Forgiveness and Related Behaviors.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Forgiveness and Related Behaviors as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0041% in 2024.

still counting0.0025%0.0050%0.0075%Forgiveness and Related Behaviors0.0062% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Forgiveness and Related Behaviors over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Forgiveness and Related Behaviors10.5% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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