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Polish Legal and Social Issues

Polish Legal and Social Issues is a research topic within Law. Science Explorer counts 12k research works in it since 1950. 9.8% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers covers a wide range of topics related to labor law, social protection, and employment practices. It includes discussions on work flexibility, disability rights, data privacy in the workplace, European Union labor regulations, and the impact of technology on work-life balance. The papers also explore issues such as employment contracts, working time directives, and the role of trade unions in modern labor relations.

  • Labor Law
  • Social Protection
  • Employment Status
  • European Union
  • Work Flexibility
  • Disability Rights
  • Data Privacy
  • Employment Contracts
  • Working Time Directive
  • Trade Unions
Research works
12k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.8%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-29%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
Poland
94% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Polish Legal and Social Issues

Which countries lead Polish Legal and Social Issues research?

By volume, Poland and the United States publish the most (2k and 41 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Poland 2k works
  2. 2 United States 41 works
  3. 3 Romania 20 works
  4. 4 Ukraine 14 works
  5. 5 Türkiye 11 works
  6. 6 Czechia 11 works
  7. 7 Germany 11 works
  8. 8 Russia 8 works
  9. 9 Slovakia 8 works
  10. 10 Spain 7 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Poland: 93.9%United States: 1.9%Romania: 0.9%Ukraine: 0.7%6 others listed: 2.6%94%largest
Poland2,007 · 93.9%United States41 · 1.9%Romania20 · 0.9%Ukraine14 · 0.7%6 others listed56 · 2.6%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Polish Legal and Social Issues research?

By volume in 2022-now, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin publishes the most Polish Legal and Social Issues research, followed by University of Warsaw and University of Łódź.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 John Paul II Catholic University of LublinPoland 132 works
  2. 2 University of WarsawPoland 118 works
  3. 3 University of ŁódźPoland 98 works
  4. 4 Jagiellonian UniversityPoland 95 works
  5. 5 Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoland 91 works
  6. 6 Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in WarsawPoland 82 works
  7. 7 University of SzczecinPoland 80 works
  8. 8 University of WrocławPoland 65 works
  9. 9 University of RzeszówPoland 62 works
  10. 10 Maria Curie-Skłodowska UniversityPoland 61 works

Who are the leading researchers in Polish Legal and Social Issues?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Polish Legal and Social Issues include Adam Torbicki and Piotr Lukasz Rutkowski.

  1. 1 Adam Torbicki Poland 134k citations
  2. 2 Piotr Lukasz Rutkowski Poland 85k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Polish Legal and Social Issues?

The most cited paper in Polish Legal and Social Issues is "Hard and soft age discrimination: the dual nature of workplace discrimination" (Justyna Stypińska, Konrad Turek, 2017), with 150 citations. Next come "Increased Liking as a Result of the Anticipation of Personal Contact" (147) and "An Experimental Investigation of Age Discrimination in the English Labor Market" (134).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Hard and soft age discrimination: the dual nature of workplace discrimination Justyna Stypińska, Konrad Turek · European Journal of Ageing Open access 24 Jan 2017 150
2 Increased Liking as a Result of the Anticipation of Personal Contact John M. Darley, ELLEN BERSCHEID · Human Relations Feb 1967 147
3 An Experimental Investigation of Age Discrimination in the English Labor Market Peter Andrew Riach, Judith Rich · SSRN Electronic Journal PreprintOpen access 2007 134
4 HEREDITARY HÆMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA AND ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES P.W.R. Harris, E. K. Blackburn · The Lancet Mar 1970 131
5 The rationing debate: Defining a package of healthcare services the NHS is responsible for The case for Bill New · BMJ Open access 15 Feb 1997 129
All 103 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Polish Legal and Social Issues research done?

The largest centres of Polish Legal and Social Issues research in 2022-now are Warsaw (Poland), Krakow (Poland), Lublin (Poland) and Łódź (Poland). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Radom, Olsztyn and Rzeszów.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 WarsawPoland 397 works
  2. 2 KrakowPoland 236 works
  3. 3 LublinPoland 214 works
  4. 4 ŁódźPoland 137 works
  5. 5 PoznańPoland 110 works
  6. 6 OlsztynPoland 107 works
  7. 7 WrocławPoland 93 works
  8. 8 RzeszówPoland 85 works
  9. 9 SzczecinPoland 84 works
  10. 10 KatowicePoland 65 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. RadomPL · 27.1 works392×
  2. OlsztynPL · 107.0 works215×
  3. RzeszówPL · 84.6 works152×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Polish Legal and Social Issues than the world average.

See Polish Legal and Social Issues on the map

Where is the best place to study Polish Legal and Social Issues?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Łódź, University of Warsaw and John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 11.96%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of ŁódźUniversity of SzczecinJohn Paul II Catholi…University of Warsaw
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of ŁódźPoland 71.516.3%186.9×98 -19.7%
2University of WarsawPoland 65.29.2%124.4×118 -26.1%
3John Paul II Catholic University of LublinPoland 64.410.0%427.7×132 +19.4%
4University of SzczecinPoland 63.110.6%303.3×80 +9.6%
5University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynPoland 60.310.7%161.7×54 +7.4%
6Jagiellonian UniversityPoland 60.29.9%76.9×95 -44.3%
7University of BiałystokPoland 57.113.4%305.7×49 -7.6%
8Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańPoland 56.07.3%121.0×91 -40.8%
9Uniwersytet SWPSPoland 55.616.7%157.3×18 -12.4%
10Uniwersytet Pomorski w SłupskuPoland 55.615.5%261.5×12 +117.9%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Polish Legal and Social Issues, country by country

Is Polish Legal and Social Issues research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 29% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2017.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Polish Legal and Social Issues as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0088% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Polish Legal and Social Issues0.0072% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Polish Legal and Social Issues over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Polish Legal and Social Issues9.5% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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