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Legal principles and applications

Legal principles and applications is a research topic within Law. Science Explorer counts 27k research works in it since 1950. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores legal remedies, corrective justice, and various aspects of law including unjust enrichment, contract law, fiduciary duty, restitution, equity, negligence law, property rights, and legal history.

  • Remedies
  • Corrective Justice
  • Unjust Enrichment
  • Contract Law
  • Fiduciary Duty
  • Restitution
  • Equity
  • Negligence Law
  • Property Rights
  • Legal History
Research works
27k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.8k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-28%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
30% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Legal principles and applications

Which countries lead Legal principles and applications research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (590 and 425 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 590 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 425 works
  3. 3 Australia 270 works
  4. 4 China 199 works
  5. 5 Brazil 101 works
  6. 6 India 98 works
  7. 7 Italy 80 works
  8. 8 Canada 79 works
  9. 9 Russia 75 works
  10. 10 Germany 72 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 29.6%United Kingdom: 21.3%Australia: 13.6%China: 10.0%6 others listed: 25.4%30%largest
United States590 · 29.6%United Kingdom425 · 21.3%Australia270 · 13.6%China199 · 10.0%6 others listed506 · 25.4%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Legal principles and applications research?

By volume in 2022-now, Monash University publishes the most Legal principles and applications research, followed by The University of Melbourne and University of Oxford.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Monash UniversityAustralia 47 works
  2. 2 The University of MelbourneAustralia 44 works
  3. 3 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 36 works
  4. 4 University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 32 works
  5. 5 University of EdinburghUnited Kingdom 27 works
  6. 6 University of Hong KongChina 26 works
  7. 7 The University of SydneyAustralia 20 works
  8. 8 National University of SingaporeSingapore 19 works
  9. 9 The University of AdelaideAustralia 18 works
  10. 10 The University of Western AustraliaAustralia 17 works

Who are the leading researchers in Legal principles and applications?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Legal principles and applications include George Davey Smith and Andrei Shleifer.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Andrei Shleifer United States 234k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Legal principles and applications?

The most cited paper in Legal principles and applications is "The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications" (Thomas J. Donaldson, Lee E. Preston, 1995), with 9,229 citations. Next come "Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral" (1,954) and "THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE REVIVAL OF TRADE: THE LAW MERCHANT, PRIVATE JUDGES, AND THE CHAMPAGNE FAIRS" (1,822).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence, and Implications Thomas J. Donaldson, Lee E. Preston · Academy of Management Review 1995 9,229
2 Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Inalienability: One View of the Cathedral Guido Calabresi, A. Douglas Melamed · Harvard Law Review Apr 1972 1,954
3 THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS IN THE REVIVAL OF TRADE: THE LAW MERCHANT, PRIVATE JUDGES, AND THE CHAMPAGNE FAIRS Paul Milgrom, Douglass C. North, Barry R. Weingast · Economics and Politics Mar 1990 1,822
4 Risk and Responsibility Anthony Giddens · Modern Law Review 1999 1,565
5 The provision of a sanctioning system as a public good. Toshio Yamagishi · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1986 1,284
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Legal principles and applications research done?

The largest centres of Legal principles and applications research in 2022-now are Melbourne (Australia), London (United Kingdom), Sydney (Australia) and New York (United States). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Pok Fu Lam, Melbourne and Adelaide.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 MelbourneAustralia 104 works
  2. 2 LondonUnited Kingdom 99 works
  3. 3 SydneyAustralia 53 works
  4. 4 New YorkUnited States 49 works
  5. 5 BeijingChina 43 works
  6. 6 OxfordUnited Kingdom 42 works
  7. 7 MoscowRussia 39 works
  8. 8 Washington D.C.United States 35 works
  9. 9 SingaporeSingapore 33 works
  10. 10 CambridgeUnited Kingdom 32 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Pok Fu LamCN · 26.0 works11×
  2. MelbourneAU · 104.4 works10.0×
  3. AdelaideAU · 27.3 works8.8×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Legal principles and applications than the world average.

See Legal principles and applications on the map

Where is the best place to study Legal principles and applications?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Glasgow, University of Hong Kong and Monash University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 12.85%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of GlasgowHumboldt-Universität…University of Hong K…Monash University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of GlasgowUnited Kingdom 64.821.5%10.0×16 +17.3%
2University of Hong KongChina 64.510.6%11.2×26 +45.8%
3Monash UniversityAustralia 63.85.8%19.1×47 +29.5%
4Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinGermany 63.821.0%9.5×9 +406.6%
5University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 62.78.7%10.3×36 -34.0%
6The University of Western AustraliaAustralia 57.312.2%16.4×18 +24.6%
7University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom 57.210.3%10.5×32 -34.1%
8Yale UniversityUnited States 56.113.0%5.4×15 +10.4%
9The University of MelbourneAustralia 55.74.1%15.8×44 -45.5%
10Cornell UniversityUnited States 52.421.3%3.8×12 +5.2%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Legal principles and applications, country by country

Is Legal principles and applications research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 28% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2011.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Legal principles and applications as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.011% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Legal principles and applications0.010% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Legal principles and applications over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Legal principles and applications10.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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