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Religious Freedom and Discrimination

Religious Freedom and Discrimination is a research topic within Law. Science Explorer counts 3.8k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the intersection of civil and religious law, with a focus on Europe. It delves into topics such as the role of the European Court, human rights, the Equality Act, church-state relations, Sharia law, freedom of religion, secularism, legal pluralism, and cultural convergence.

  • Religious Law
  • European Court
  • Human Rights
  • Equality Act
  • Church-State Relations
  • Sharia Law
  • Freedom of Religion
  • Secularism
  • Legal Pluralism
  • Cultural Convergence
Research works
3.8k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
385
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-3%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
27% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Religious Freedom and Discrimination

Which countries lead Religious Freedom and Discrimination research?

By volume, the United States and the United Kingdom publish the most (126 and 90 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 126 works
  2. 2 United Kingdom 90 works
  3. 3 Italy 52 works
  4. 4 Poland 45 works
  5. 5 Germany 43 works
  6. 6 Spain 34 works
  7. 7 Australia 25 works
  8. 8 Canada 18 works
  9. 9 Türkiye 18 works
  10. 10 France 17 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 27.0%United Kingdom: 19.4%Italy: 11.0%Poland: 9.6%6 others listed: 33.0%27%largest
United States126 · 27.0%United Kingdom90 · 19.4%Italy52 · 11.0%Poland45 · 9.6%6 others listed154 · 33.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Religious Freedom and Discrimination research?

By volume in 2022-now, Woodbury University publishes the most Religious Freedom and Discrimination research, followed by Emory University and John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Woodbury UniversityUnited States 10 works
  2. 2 Emory UniversityUnited States 9 works
  3. 3 John Paul II Catholic University of LublinPoland 7 works
  4. 4 University of BonnGermany 7 works
  5. 5 University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 7 works
  6. 6 University of ViennaAustria 6 works
  7. 7 University of MilanItaly 6 works
  8. 8 Emory and Henry CollegeUnited States 5 works
  9. 9 Cardiff UniversityUnited Kingdom 5 works
  10. 10 Max Planck SocietyGermany 5 works

What are the most cited papers in Religious Freedom and Discrimination?

The most cited paper in Religious Freedom and Discrimination is "The Rights of Minority Cultures" (Will Kymlicka, 1992), with 538 citations. Next come "Multicultural jurisdictions cultural differences and women's rights" (399) and "Sexual Politics, Orientalism and Multicultural Citizenship in the Netherlands" (396).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Rights of Minority Cultures Will Kymlicka · Political Theory Feb 1992 538
2 Multicultural jurisdictions cultural differences and women's rights Ayelet Shachar 2001 399
3 Sexual Politics, Orientalism and Multicultural Citizenship in the Netherlands Paul Mepschen, Jan Willem Duyvendak, Evelien Tonkens · Sociology Oct 2010 396
4 The Multicultural State We're In: Muslims, ‘Multiculture’ and the ‘Civic Re-balancing’ of British Multiculturalism Nasar Meer, Tariq Modood · Political Studies 20 Aug 2008 295
5 Civic Community, Political Participation and Political Trust of Ethnic Groups Meindert Fennema, Jean Tillie · VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften eBooks Book chapter 2001 289
All 101 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Religious Freedom and Discrimination research done?

The largest centres of Religious Freedom and Discrimination research in 2022-now are London (United Kingdom), Oxford (United Kingdom), Burbank (United States) and Rome (Italy).

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 LondonUnited Kingdom 19 works
  2. 2 OxfordUnited Kingdom 10 works
  3. 3 BurbankUnited States 10 works
  4. 4 RomeItaly 10 works
  5. 5 AtlantaUnited States 9 works
  6. 6 WarsawPoland 9 works
  7. 7 ViennaAustria 8 works
  8. 8 LublinPoland 8 works
  9. 9 MilanItaly 8 works
  10. 10 ZagrebCroatia 8 works
See Religious Freedom and Discrimination on the map

Where is the best place to study Religious Freedom and Discrimination?

Among universities, judged by research, Woodbury University and Emory University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Woodbury UniversityUnited States 75.08.6%3021.9×10 -
2Emory UniversityUnited States 10.70.6%18.9×9 -17.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Religious Freedom and Discrimination, country by country

Is Religious Freedom and Discrimination research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 3% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2017.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Religious Freedom and Discrimination as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0022% in 2024.

still counting0.0020%0.0040%0.0060%Religious Freedom and Discrimination0.0029% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Religious Freedom and Discrimination over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Religious Freedom and Discrimination10.6% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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