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Burundi vs France

On research quality in 2022-now, France ranks #5 in the world and Burundi #175, of 189 countries. Burundi stands higher in 0 of the 26 fields both publish in, France in 26.

Research profiles alike: 0.64similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Burundi

World rank, 2022-now
#175
#157 all time
Works, 2022-now
1.4k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
54%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Linguistics and Language, History and Philosophy of Science, Horticulture.

France

World rank, 2022-now
#5
#5 all time
Works, 2022-now
553k
fractional
Top-10% rate
8.4%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
36%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Industrial relations, History and Philosophy of Science, Anthropology.

Who leads, measure by measure?

France leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, citations per work and institutions in the world top 100. Burundi leads on 4 of 9 measures: top-10% rate, open access, international co-authorship and growth.

Burundi 45 France
  1. #175Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#5
  2. 1.01×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected1.09×
  3. 1.4kOutputfractional works, 2022-now553k
  4. 8.9%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited8.4%
  5. 15.1Citations per workall time, per fractional work21.4
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1003
  7. 54%Open accessof its works free to read, all time36%
  8. 53%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time23%
  9. +16%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change-2%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Burundi stands higher in 0 of 26 fields, France in 26. France leads most in Social Sciences (#5 against #132). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Burundi 026 France
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#5
  2. -Arts and Humanities#4
  3. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#6
  4. -Business, Management and Accounting#6
  5. -Chemical Engineering#7
  6. -Chemistry#8
  7. -Computer Science#10
  8. -Decision Sciences#9
  9. -Dentistry#9
  10. -Earth and Planetary Sciences#4
  11. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#5
  12. -Energy#13
  13. -Engineering#10
  14. -Environmental Science#7
  15. -Health Professions#7
  16. -Immunology and Microbiology#5
  17. -Materials Science#9
  18. -Mathematics#5
  19. -Medicine#5
  20. -Neuroscience#5
  21. -Nursing#10
  22. -Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#11
  23. -Physics and Astronomy#5
  24. -Psychology#7
  25. #132Social Sciences#5
  26. -Veterinary#4

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Burundi rankFrance rank Burundi top 10%France top 10% Burundi worksFrance works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #5 - 8.4% - 22k
Arts and Humanities - #4 - 6.0% - 43k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #6 - 9.6% - 29k
Business, Management and Accounting - #6 - 9.5% - 11k
Chemical Engineering - #7 - 6.8% - 1.9k
Chemistry - #8 - 7.5% - 9.2k
Computer Science - #10 - 7.2% - 33k
Decision Sciences - #9 - 8.6% - 3.9k
Dentistry - #9 - 13.1% - 1k
Earth and Planetary Sciences - #4 - 10.0% - 13k
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #5 - 9.0% - 10k
Energy - #13 - 6.9% - 3.3k
Engineering - #10 - 7.1% - 65k
Environmental Science - #7 - 8.8% - 24k
Health Professions - #7 - 8.6% - 19k
Immunology and Microbiology - #5 - 11.0% - 6k
Materials Science - #9 - 6.8% - 18k
Mathematics - #5 - 8.8% - 9.4k
Medicine - #5 - 11.0% - 96k
Neuroscience - #5 - 9.0% - 9.5k
Nursing - #10 - 9.0% - 1.5k
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics - #11 - 7.9% - 1.3k
Physics and Astronomy - #5 - 9.8% - 21k
Psychology - #7 - 8.5% - 14k
Social Sciences #132 #5 11.2% 7.1% 376 87k
Veterinary - #4 - 8.9% - 940

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Burundi

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization80▲ 2.4×92 topics
  2. Climate Change79▲ 1.72×89 topics
  3. Sustainability62▲ 1.49×66 topics
  4. Sustainable Development54▲ 2.0×41 topics
  5. Social Justice54▲ 5.3×30 topics
  6. Gender47▲ 5.2×41 topics
  7. Education47▲ 1.60×72 topics
  8. Community Engagement44▲ 8.1×13 topics
  9. Colonialism44▲ 5.5×36 topics
  10. Public Policy42▲ 5.3×16 topics
  11. Territorial Governance41▲ 21×4 topics
  12. History40▲ 3.4×53 topics
  13. Local Development40▲ 23×2 topics
  14. Identity40▲ 3.2×54 topics
  15. Smallholder Farmers36▲ 10×5 topics
  16. Religion35▲ 4.4×27 topics
  17. Citizen Participation31▲ 16×1 topic
  18. Environmental Participation31▲ 26×1 topic
  19. Gender Studies30▲ 12×9 topics
  20. Sociolinguistics30▲ 9.6×8 topics
  21. Ethics28▲ 3.3×31 topics
  22. Social Movements27▲ 5.4×17 topics
  23. Migration26▲ 4.5×17 topics
  24. Democracy26▲ 4.4×14 topics
  25. Agroecology26▲ 11×4 topics
  26. Adaptation25▲ 5.0×11 topics
  27. Diversity24▲ 7.9×8 topics
  28. Multilingualism22▲ 8.2×5 topics
  29. Agricultural Development22▲ 8.5×5 topics
  30. Islam21▲ 6.1×5 topics
  31. Livestock Farming21▲ 21×2 topics
  32. Multifunctionality21▲ 27×2 topics
  33. Work Organization21▲ 32×1 topic
  34. Ethnographic Research21▲ 25×3 topics
  35. Educational Policies20▲ 11×2 topics
  36. Sociological Analysis20▲ 22×2 topics
  37. Professional Practices20▲ 34×1 topic
  38. Public Action20▲ 34×1 topic
  39. Social Change19▲ 9.3×11 topics
  40. Archaeology19▲ 8.7×10 topics

France

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology23k◆ 0.94×140 topics
  2. Climate Change21k▲ 1.27×132 topics
  3. Community Engagement18k▲ 8.8×22 topics
  4. Globalization17k▲ 1.41×183 topics
  5. Territorial Governance17k▲ 24×4 topics
  6. Local Development17k▲ 26×2 topics
  7. Public Policy16k▲ 5.5×34 topics
  8. Social Justice16k▲ 4.3×54 topics
  9. Sustainable Development15k▲ 1.61×112 topics
  10. Citizen Participation12k▲ 17×3 topics
  11. Environmental Participation12k▲ 27×1 topic
  12. Proximity and Innovation12k▲ 27×1 topic
  13. Gender12k▲ 3.5×58 topics
  14. Identity10k▲ 2.3×80 topics
  15. Colonialism10k▲ 3.5×52 topics
  16. Gender Studies9,456▲ 10×21 topics
  17. Religion8,358▲ 3.0×43 topics
  18. Migration7,917▲ 3.8×35 topics
  19. Social Determinants of Health7,616▲ 5.8×8 topics
  20. Palliative Care6,525▲ 7.0×6 topics
  21. Sociolinguistics5,988▲ 5.4×9 topics
  22. Ethnographic Research5,976▲ 20×4 topics
  23. Educational Policies5,958▲ 9.1×3 topics
  24. Sociological Analysis5,893▲ 17×4 topics
  25. Professional Practices5,871▲ 27×1 topic
  26. Public Action5,871▲ 27×1 topic
  27. Citizenship5,714▲ 7.7×13 topics
  28. Medical Ethics5,604▲ 7.3×7 topics
  29. Social Innovation5,531▲ 5.9×13 topics
  30. End-of-Life Care5,497▲ 8.0×4 topics
  31. Psychological Trauma5,468▲ 15×2 topics
  32. Institutionalization5,436▲ 9.6×5 topics
  33. Patient Rights5,417▲ 13×2 topics
  34. Ethical Practices5,400▲ 15×2 topics
  35. Healthcare Legislation5,398▲ 16×1 topic
  36. Professional Responsibility5,398▲ 16×1 topic
  37. Cooperatives5,210▲ 12×4 topics
  38. Solidarity Economy5,116▲ 15×2 topics
  39. Participative Evaluation5,000▲ 25×1 topic
  40. Healthcare Quality Indicators4,706▲ 13×2 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

France has out-published Burundi every year since 1980.

still counting50k100k150kFrance127k in 2025Burundi394 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting2.0%4.0%6.0%France2.2% in 2025Burundi0.0067% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%France9.0% in 2025Burundi7.6% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Burundi 05 France
  1. 0In the world top 501
  2. 0In the top 1003
  3. 0In the top 50017
  4. 0In the top 1,00034
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#5

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Burundi or France?

France publishes 388.9× as much research as Burundi in 2022-now (553k against 1.4k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Burundi or France?

8.9% of Burundi's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 8.4% for France.

Is Burundi or France growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +16% against 2018-21 for Burundi, and -2% for France.

Which has more open access research, Burundi or France?

54% of Burundi's research is free to read, against 36% of France's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Burundi or France?

France holds 3 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Burundi 0; in the top 1,000 it is 34 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Burundi

  1. 1Université du Burundi8.4% top 10% · 302 works
  2. 2École Normale Supérieure9.0% top 10% · 857 works
  3. 3Republic of Burundi6.2% top 10% · 72 works

France

  1. 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique7.9% top 10% · 152k works
  2. 2Université Paris Cité10.8% top 10% · 16k works
  3. 3Inserm12.4% top 10% · 23k works
  4. 4Sorbonne Université9.5% top 10% · 14k works
  5. 5Université Paris-Saclay9.3% top 10% · 13k works
  6. 6Université de Lyon7.6% top 10% · 13k works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Burundi

  1. 1 Ildephonse Sindayigaya #134,682 worldwide 331 citations · 35 works
  2. 2 Arnaud Iradukunda #717,202 worldwide 8.5k citations · 29 works
  3. 3 Jacques Nkengurutse #1,125,088 worldwide 177 citations · 33 works
  4. 4 Juma Shabani #1,326,444 worldwide 369 citations · 53 works
  5. 5 Paterne Gahungu #1,535,436 worldwide 86 citations · 29 works

France

  1. 1 M. Haney #88 worldwide 80k citations · 220 works
  2. 2 L. Aiello #106 worldwide 79k citations · 219 works
  3. 3 M. Masso‐Reid #137 worldwide 74k citations · 171 works
  4. 4 C. V. Kalaghatgi #142 worldwide 79k citations · 198 works
  5. 5 G. Carullo #183 worldwide 39k citations · 199 works

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