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Paraguay vs Somalia

On research quality in 2022-now, Paraguay ranks #98 in the world and Somalia #146, of 189 countries. Paraguay stands higher in 10 of the 10 fields both publish in, Somalia in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.87very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Paraguay

World rank, 2022-now
#98
#127 all time
Works, 2022-now
6k
fractional
Top-10% rate
4.7%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
74%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Computer Science Applications, General Social Sciences, Pharmacy.

Somalia

World rank, 2022-now
#146
#183 all time
Works, 2022-now
2.5k
fractional
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
81%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Somalia leads on 6 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate, citations per work, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Paraguay leads on 2 of 9 measures: research quality and output. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Paraguay 21 level6 Somalia
  1. #98Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#146
  2. 0.66×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.71×
  3. 6kOutputfractional works, 2022-now2.5k
  4. 4.7%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited10.2%
  5. 4.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work4.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 74%Open accessof its works free to read, all time81%
  8. 29%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time50%
  9. +21%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+194%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Paraguay stands higher in 10 of 10 fields, Somalia in 0. Paraguay leads most in Medicine (#81 against #126). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Paraguay 100 Somalia
  1. #111Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
  2. #100Business, Management and Accounting-
  3. #119Computer Science-
  4. #100Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  5. #122Engineering-
  6. #103Environmental Science-
  7. #86Health Professions-
  8. #81Medicine#126
  9. #80Psychology-
  10. #102Social Sciences#117

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Paraguay rankSomalia rank Paraguay top 10%Somalia top 10% Paraguay worksSomalia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #111 - 3.3% - 420 -
Business, Management and Accounting #100 - 6.8% - 219 -
Computer Science #119 - 5.0% - 351 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #100 - 3.9% - 267 -
Engineering #122 - 2.6% - 235 -
Environmental Science #103 - 4.6% - 311 -
Health Professions #86 - 6.0% - 442 -
Medicine #81 #126 3.4% 5.7% 1.2k 959
Psychology #80 - 4.4% - 231 -
Social Sciences #102 #117 6.2% 14.5% 1.6k 413

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Paraguay

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology631▲ 2.3×135 topics
  2. Education529▲ 4.5×82 topics
  3. Public Health445▲ 4.5×63 topics
  4. Teacher Training396▲ 9.4×20 topics
  5. Innovation333▲ 4.7×46 topics
  6. Sustainability320▲ 1.91×84 topics
  7. Globalization310▲ 2.3×92 topics
  8. Educational Technology286▲ 3.5×35 topics
  9. Health Promotion274▲ 13×17 topics
  10. COVID-19266▲ 3.0×28 topics
  11. Small and Medium Enterprises261▲ 22×7 topics
  12. Digital Marketing258▲ 9.7×5 topics
  13. E-Learning256▲ 3.9×18 topics
  14. Mental Health250▲ 2.5×43 topics
  15. Distance Learning244▲ 10×9 topics
  16. Qualitative Research235▲ 4.0×26 topics
  17. Social Responsibility234▲ 15×7 topics
  18. Risk Factors231▲ 3.1×36 topics
  19. Economic Impact223▲ 6.1×9 topics
  20. Urban Development222▲ 9.2×12 topics
  21. Competitiveness222▲ 41×6 topics
  22. Knowledge Management221▲ 5.8×24 topics
  23. Inclusive Education220▲ 8.9×15 topics
  24. Innovation Ecosystems208▲ 30×2 topics
  25. Nutrition206▲ 6.8×14 topics
  26. Globalization Effects195▲ 41×2 topics
  27. Public Policy195▲ 6.0×18 topics
  28. Tourism Management194▲ 41×2 topics
  29. City Branding193▲ 45×1 topic
  30. Psychopharmacology Education193▲ 45×1 topic
  31. Pedagogy189▲ 5.5×16 topics
  32. Social Inequality182▲ 9.9×13 topics
  33. Social Impact180▲ 6.7×16 topics
  34. Healthcare Access178▲ 9.5×12 topics
  35. Curriculum Development177▲ 3.8×13 topics
  36. University Students154▲ 40×2 topics
  37. Organizational Culture147▲ 5.6×12 topics
  38. Latin America145▲ 11×22 topics
  39. Chronic Diseases143▲ 8.2×8 topics
  40. Educational Interventions132▲ 21×3 topics

Somalia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology316▲ 2.4×129 topics
  2. Globalization122▲ 1.90×80 topics
  3. Climate Change118▲ 1.32×67 topics
  4. Sustainability107▲ 1.34×62 topics
  5. Economic Growth100▲ 3.8×23 topics
  6. Public Health96▲ 2.0×57 topics
  7. Inflammation94▲ 1.36×73 topics
  8. Treatment92▲ 2.3×51 topics
  9. Maternal Mortality90▲ 12×5 topics
  10. Renewable Energy86▲ 1.81×33 topics
  11. Diagnosis82▲ 2.7×41 topics
  12. Risk Factors82▲ 2.3×36 topics
  13. COVID-1979▲ 1.85×31 topics
  14. Education77▲ 1.37×69 topics
  15. Immune Response70▲ 3.8×20 topics
  16. Community Health Workers69▲ 24×2 topics
  17. Health Inequalities69▲ 17×4 topics
  18. Vaccine69▲ 5.3×11 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease69▲ 1.84×37 topics
  20. Pathogenesis66▲ 3.9×24 topics
  21. Socio-economic Factors64▲ 18×2 topics
  22. Child Mortality64▲ 27×1 topic
  23. Health Systems64▲ 27×1 topic
  24. Management64▲ 2.4×32 topics
  25. Child Development60▲ 4.4×8 topics
  26. Risk Management57▲ 3.7×12 topics
  27. Poverty Reduction57▲ 13×5 topics
  28. Global Burden55▲ 3.1×12 topics
  29. Food Security52▲ 2.9×15 topics
  30. Mortality51▲ 2.7×13 topics
  31. Governance48▲ 4.5×13 topics
  32. Global Burden of Disease46▲ 5.6×4 topics
  33. Vulnerability45▲ 5.9×5 topics
  34. Agriculture45▲ 3.6×12 topics
  35. Maternal and Child Undernutrition42▲ 16×1 topic
  36. Water Sanitation Hygiene42▲ 16×1 topic
  37. Conflict40▲ 7.5×10 topics
  38. Global Health35▲ 6.9×6 topics
  39. Gender Inequality34▲ 7.4×5 topics
  40. Respiratory Infections33▲ 8.8×3 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Paraguay has out-published Somalia every year since 1990, when it overtook it.

still counting1k2kParaguay1,700 in 2025Somalia870 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Paraguay0.029% in 2025Somalia0.015% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Somalia14.9% in 2025Paraguay5.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Paraguay 05 level0 Somalia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Paraguay or Somalia?

Paraguay publishes 2.4× as much research as Somalia in 2022-now (6k against 2.5k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Paraguay or Somalia?

10.2% of Somalia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 4.7% for Paraguay.

Is Paraguay or Somalia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +194% against 2018-21 for Somalia, and +21% for Paraguay.

Which has more open access research, Paraguay or Somalia?

81% of Somalia's research is free to read, against 74% of Paraguay's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Paraguay or Somalia?

Paraguay holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Somalia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Paraguay

  1. 1Universidad Nacional de Asunción3.2% top 10% · 1.5k works
  2. 2Universidad Columbia del Paraguay2.7% top 10% · 405 works
  3. 3Universidad Nacional de Pilar5.4% top 10% · 403 works
  4. 4Universidad Americana5.7% top 10% · 289 works
  5. 5Universidad del Norte5.7% top 10% · 267 works
  6. 6Universidad Católica Nuestra Señora de la Asunción2.9% top 10% · 236 works

Somalia

  1. 1SIMAD University20.2% top 10% · 423 works
  2. 2Somali National University13.1% top 10% · 179 works
  3. 3University of Somalia8.9% top 10% · 139 works
  4. 4Jamhuriya University of Science and Technology21.2% top 10% · 128 works
  5. 5Mogadishu University10.0% top 10% · 153 works
  6. 6Amoud University17.8% top 10% · 94 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Paraguay

  1. 1 Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse #195,631 worldwide 6.6k citations · 62 works
  2. 2 Antonio L. Cubilla #205,334 worldwide 15k citations · 209 works
  3. 3 Carlos Rigor Neves #356,442 worldwide 127 citations · 46 works
  4. 4 Jeffrey J. Thompson #362,725 worldwide 1.6k citations · 68 works
  5. 5 Gabriel Ignacio Parra #400,046 worldwide 4.9k citations · 114 works

Somalia

  1. 1 Jama Mohamed #49,156 worldwide 20k citations · 51 works
  2. 2 Abdikafi Hassan Abdi #80,606 worldwide 681 citations · 53 works
  3. 3 Abdimalik Ali Warsame #155,996 worldwide 1.2k citations · 67 works
  4. 4 Ahmed Ismail Mohamed #279,065 worldwide 9.3k citations · 42 works
  5. 5 Bashir Mohamed Osman #336,096 worldwide 1.3k citations · 28 works