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Company · Armonk · United States

IBM (United States)

In research, IBM (United States) stands highest in Computer Science (#72 of 4,417 worldwide), Physical Sciences (#232 of 10,670 worldwide) and Artificial Intelligence (#52 of 1,862 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Hardware and Architecture, Software and Artificial Intelligence (Hardware and Architecture is 19.1× its share of world research).

ibm.comROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#441
of 22,385 · #493 all time
Rank in United States
#111
of 3,332
Research works
82k
▼ 35% vs 2018-21
Citations
3.7M
44.6 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
13.2%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
1.56×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
14%
world 40%
International
18%
world 18%
IBM (United States)

What is IBM (United States) known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Computer ScienceField #72 of 4,417 14.7%1,214 #38
Physical SciencesDomain #232 of 10,670 13.9%2,137 #274
Artificial IntelligenceSubfield #52 of 1,862 16.4%595 #33
EngineeringField #435 of 5,901 11.0%558 #291
Electrical and Electronic EngineeringSubfield #168 of 2,176 12.0%342 #127
Life SciencesDomain #710 of 6,403 16.0%135 #941
Health SciencesDomain #1,391 of 9,902 12.5%159 #1702
Information SystemsSubfield #218 of 1,321 9.5%156 #115
Social SciencesDomain #1,603 of 9,585 9.8%302 #1482
Physics and AstronomyField #238 of 1,417 20.5%157 #277

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where IBM (United States) sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Computer Science#38 #72
  2. Physical Sciences#274 #232
  3. Artificial Intelligence#33 #52
  4. Engineering#291 #435
  5. Electrical and Electronic Engineering#127 #168
  6. Life Sciences#941 #710
  7. Health Sciences#1,702 #1,391
  8. Information Systems#115 #218
  9. Social Sciences#1,482 #1,603
  10. Physics and Astronomy#277 #238
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does IBM (United States) work in?

In 2022-now, 77% of research at IBM (United States) is in Physical Sciences, 12% in Social Sciences. Its largest fields are Computer Science (45%), Engineering (20%), Physics and Astronomy (6%). It does 2.0× the world's share of Physical Sciences.

Physical Sciences: 2,337 fractional works · 77.4% of its workComputer Science: 1,346 fractional works · 44.6% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 653 fractional works · 21.6% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 189 fractional works · 6.3% of its workInformation Systems: 175 fractional works · 5.8% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 98 fractional works · 3.3% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 70 fractional works · 2.3% of its workHardware and Architecture: 65 fractional works · 2.2% of its workSignal Processing: 44 fractional works · 1.5% of its workSoftware: 27 fractional works · 0.9% of its workComputer Science Applications: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHuman-Computer Interaction: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEngineering: 594 fractional works · 19.7% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 364 fractional works · 12.1% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 57 fractional works · 1.9% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 31 fractional works · 1.0% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 31 fractional works · 1.0% of its workMechanical Engineering: 28 fractional works · 0.9% of its workComputational Mechanics: 14 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAerospace Engineering: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMedia Technology: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMechanics of Materials: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOcean Engineering: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBuilding and Construction: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 168 fractional works · 5.6% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 125 fractional works · 4.1% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 19 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCondensed Matter Physics: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMaterials Science: 101 fractional works · 3.4% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 64 fractional works · 2.1% of its workElectronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials: 16 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSurfaces, Coatings and Films: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPolymers and Plastics: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEnvironmental Science: 51 fractional works · 1.7% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEcology: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 18 fractional works · 0.6% of its workMathematics: 31 fractional works · 1.0% of its workStatistics and Probability: 14 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 17 fractional works · 0.6% of its workChemistry: 22 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 13 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAtmospheric Science: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnergy: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workChemical Engineering: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSocial Sciences: 350 fractional works · 11.6% of its workSocial Sciences: 103 fractional works · 3.4% of its workSociology and Political Science: 28 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSafety Research: 22 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEducation: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workCommunication: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 25 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 89 fractional works · 3.0% of its workManagement Information Systems: 50 fractional works · 1.6% of its workStrategy and Management: 14 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workDecision Sciences: 75 fractional works · 2.5% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 44 fractional works · 1.4% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 25 fractional works · 0.8% of its workSmaller subfields together: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 47 fractional works · 1.6% of its workSocial Psychology: 14 fractional works · 0.5% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workClinical Psychology: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 24 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 21 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.1% of its workArts and Humanities: 11 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth Sciences: 179 fractional works · 5.9% of its workMedicine: 145 fractional works · 4.8% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 18 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth Informatics: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workOncology: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEpidemiology: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSurgery: 9 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPhysiology: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 44 fractional works · 1.5% of its workHealth Professions: 26 fractional works · 0.9% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 12 fractional works · 0.4% of its workHealth Information Management: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDentistry: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workNursing: 3 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 1 fractional works · 0.0% of its workLife Sciences: 153 fractional works · 5.1% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 81 fractional works · 2.7% of its workMolecular Biology: 58 fractional works · 1.9% of its workGenetics: 7 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 16 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNeuroscience: 51 fractional works · 1.7% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 33 fractional works · 1.1% of its workCellular and Molecular Neuroscience: 10 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 8 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 15 fractional works · 0.5% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 1 fractional works · 0.0% of its workALL ITS WORKIBM (UnitedStates)3,018fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences5%Physical Sciences77%Health Sciences6%Social Sciences12%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Computer Science1,34644.6%
    2. Engineering59419.7%
    3. Physics and Astronomy1685.6%
    4. Materials Science1013.4%
    5. Environmental Science511.7%
    6. Mathematics311.0%
    7. Chemistry220.7%
    8. Earth and Planetary Sciences130.4%
    9. Energy70.2%
    10. Chemical Engineering60.2%
    1. Social Sciences1033.4%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting893.0%
    3. Decision Sciences752.5%
    4. Psychology471.6%
    5. Economics, Econometrics and Finance240.8%
    6. Arts and Humanities110.4%
    1. Medicine1454.8%
    2. Health Professions260.9%
    3. Dentistry40.1%
    4. Nursing30.1%
    5. Veterinary10.0%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology812.7%
    2. Neuroscience511.7%
    3. Agricultural and Biological Sciences150.5%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology50.2%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics10.0%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does IBM (United States) specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Hardware and Architecture takes 19.1× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. Hardware and ArchitectureSubfield · 64.9 works19×
  2. SoftwareSubfield · 26.8 works14×
  3. Artificial IntelligenceSubfield · 653.3 works9.0×
  4. Computer Networks and CommunicationsSubfield · 189.1 works7.0×
  5. Atomic and Molecular Physics, and OpticsSubfield · 125.1 works5.8×
  6. Computer ScienceField · 1,346.0 works5.7×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.10× its world share, 15 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.50× its world share, 81 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.16× its world share, 5 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 1.05× its world share, 51 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.11× its world share, 1 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.54× its world share, 6 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.46× its world share, 22 worksChemistryComputer Science: 5.73× its world share, 1,346 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.27× its world share, 13 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.25× its world share, 7 worksEnergyEngineering: 1.31× its world share, 594 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.34× its world share, 51 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.96× its world share, 101 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 0.87× its world share, 31 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 2.50× its world share, 168 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.28× its world share, 4 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.33× its world share, 26 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.25× its world share, 145 worksMedicineNursing: 0.17× its world share, 3 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.24× its world share, 1 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 0.13× its world share, 11 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.92× its world share, 89 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 2.56× its world share, 75 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 0.38× its world share, 24 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 0.52× its world share, 47 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 0.27× its world share, 103 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Computer Science, 5.7×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Computer Science5.73×1,346 works
  2. Decision Sciences2.56×75 works
  3. Physics and Astronomy2.50×168 works
  4. Engineering1.31×594 works
  5. Neuroscience1.05×51 works
  6. Materials Science0.96×101 works
  7. Business, Management and Accounting0.92×89 works
  8. Mathematics0.87×31 works
  9. Chemical Engineering0.54×6 works
  10. Psychology0.52×47 works
  11. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.50×81 works
  12. Chemistry0.46×22 works
  13. Economics, Econometrics and Finance0.38×24 works
  14. Environmental Science0.34×51 works
  15. Health Professions0.33×26 works
  16. Dentistry0.28×4 works
  17. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.27×13 works
  18. Social Sciences0.27×103 works
  19. Energy0.25×7 works
  20. Medicine0.25×145 works
  21. Veterinary0.24×1 works
  22. Nursing0.17×3 works
  23. Immunology and Microbiology0.16×5 works
  24. Arts and Humanities0.13×11 works
  25. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.11×1 works
  26. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.10×15 works

Who are the top researchers at IBM (United States)?

Ranked on the quality score, Sergey Bravyi, Barbara M. Terhal and Andrew Senior lead among researchers whose main affiliation is IBM (United States).

  1. 1 Sergey Bravyi United States · #12,579 worldwide 14k citations · 140 works
  2. 2 Barbara M. Terhal United States · #13,924 worldwide 14k citations · 185 works
  3. 3 Andrew Senior United States · #18,807 worldwide 100k citations · 146 works
  4. 4 Chuang Gan United States · #19,869 worldwide 14k citations · 339 works
  5. 5 John A. Smolin United States · #35,336 worldwide 31k citations · 167 works
  6. 6 S. Schmitz United States · #47,099 worldwide 6.8k citations · 95 works
  7. 7 Paul S. Bagus United States · #58,005 worldwide 14k citations · 275 works
  8. 8 Gustavo A. Stolovitzky United States · #58,384 worldwide 26k citations · 331 works
  9. 9 Petar Jurcevic United States · #66,959 worldwide 4.7k citations · 55 works
  10. 10 Shai Halevi United States · #111,783 worldwide 25k citations · 256 works
All ranked researchers at IBM (United States)

What are the most cited papers from IBM (United States)?

The most cited paper from IBM (United States) is "Projector augmented-wave method" (Peter E. Blöchl, 1994), with 93,392 citations. Next come "Optimization by Simulated Annealing" (45,251) and "Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software" (21,853).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Projector augmented-wave method Peter E. Blöchl · Physical review. B, Condensed matter 15 Dec 1994 93,392
2 Optimization by Simulated Annealing Scott Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Mario P. Vecchi · Science 13 May 1983 45,251
3 Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software Erich Gamma, Richard F. Helm, Ralph E. Johnson et al. 1994 21,853
4 General atomic and molecular electronic structure system Michael W. I. Schmidt, Kim K. Baldridge, Jerry A. Boatz et al. · Journal of Computational Chemistry Nov 1993 20,303
5 Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases Rakesh Agrawal, Tomasz Imieliński, Arun N. Swami Conference paperOpen access Jun 1993 14,855
All 58 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at IBM (United States)?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Big Data, Security, Distributed Systems, Quantum Information and Entanglement.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Machine Learning363▲ 3.6×82 topics
  2. Deep Learning352▲ 3.4×75 topics
  3. Neural Networks248▲ 5.3×34 topics
  4. Big Data164▲ 5.7×22 topics
  5. Security141▲ 7.0×19 topics
  6. Distributed Systems115▲ 22×6 topics
  7. Quantum Information98▲ 28×3 topics
  8. Data Mining96▲ 4.3×17 topics
  9. Entanglement95▲ 21×4 topics
  10. Energy Efficiency86▲ 3.1×25 topics
  11. Healthcare86▲ 2.5×22 topics
  12. Quantum Simulation84▲ 35×2 topics
  13. Quantum Algorithms83▲ 50×1 topic
  14. Quantum Computation83▲ 50×1 topic
  15. Anomaly Detection82▲ 9.4×5 topics
  16. Neuromorphic Computing81▲ 23×2 topics
  17. Cloud Computing76▲ 8.8×7 topics
  18. Cryptography71▲ 20×3 topics
  19. Communication67▲ 7.1×9 topics
  20. Parallel Computing66▲ 19×5 topics
  21. Resource Management66▲ 13×4 topics
  22. Computation66▲ 30×2 topics
  23. Measurement64▲ 26×2 topics
  24. Quantum64▲ 27×2 topics
  25. Metrology63▲ 35×1 topic
  26. Superconducting Circuits63▲ 30×1 topic
  27. Virtualization63▲ 25×3 topics
  28. IoT Security60▲ 6.5×3 topics
  29. Non-Volatile Memory58▲ 21×2 topics
  30. Fault Localization56▲ 27×2 topics
  31. Information Retrieval55▲ 8.3×5 topics
  32. Metal Oxides52▲ 14×2 topics
  33. Synaptic Plasticity52▲ 7.9×4 topics
  34. Data Centers51▲ 28×1 topic
  35. MapReduce51▲ 28×1 topic
  36. Text Classification50▲ 10×3 topics
  37. Memristor50▲ 20×1 topic
  38. Resistive Switching50▲ 20×1 topic
  39. High-Performance Computing49▲ 20×2 topics
  40. Spintronics48▲ 12×4 topics

Which research topics does IBM (United States) publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture, Quantum Information and Cryptography, Cloud Computing and Resource Management and Advanced Memory and Neural Computing.

Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture: 83 fractional worksQuantum Information and Cryptography: 63 fractional worksCloud Computing and Reso…51Cloud Computing and Resource Management: 51 fractional worksAdvanced Memory and Neur…50Advanced Memory and Neural Computing: 50 fractional worksTopic Modeling46Topic Modeling: 46 fractional worksQuantum and electron transport phenomena: 37 fractional worksSoftware System Performa…36Software System Performance and Reliability: 36 fractional worksSemiconductor materials and devices: 34 fractional worksParallel Computing and Optimization Techniques: 34 fractional worksNatural Language Process…32Natural Language Processing Techniques: 32 fractional works
Artificial IntelligenceInformation SystemsElectrical and Electronic EngineeringAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics2 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture Artificial Intelligence 83 works
  2. 2 Quantum Information and Cryptography Artificial Intelligence 63 works
  3. 3 Cloud Computing and Resource Management Information Systems 51 works
  4. 4 Advanced Memory and Neural Computing Electrical and Electronic Engineering 50 works
  5. 5 Topic Modeling Artificial Intelligence 46 works
  6. 6 Quantum and electron transport phenomena Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics 37 works
  7. 7 Software System Performance and Reliability Computer Networks and Communications 36 works
  8. 8 Semiconductor materials and devices Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34 works
  9. 9 Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques Hardware and Architecture 34 works
  10. 10 Natural Language Processing Techniques Artificial Intelligence 32 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available13.5%not open86.5%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors18.2%domestic only81.8%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has IBM (United States)'s research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 35% lower than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is IBM (United States) as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.012% in 2024.

still counting0.20%0.40%IBM (United States)0.012% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of IBM (United States) over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%IBM (United States)13.4% in 2025all institutions10.0% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 19.7% in 1999.

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IBM (United States) on Science Explorer

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Its overall standing, then the domains, fields and subfields where IBM (United States) is in the world's top ten or its top 1%. Each has an image of its own.

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Questions people ask

What does IBM Research publish research on?

In research, IBM (United States) stands highest in Computer Science (#72 of 4,417 worldwide), Physical Sciences (#232 of 10,670 worldwide) and Artificial Intelligence (#52 of 1,862 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Hardware and Architecture, Software and Artificial Intelligence (Hardware and Architecture is 19.1× its share of world research).

All 1,273 questions in the Question Catalogue

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