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University · Williamsburg · United States

William & Mary

In research, William & Mary stands highest in Social Sciences (#1,476 of 9,585 worldwide), Social Sciences (#1,399 of 5,988 worldwide) and Physical Sciences (#2,586 of 10,670 worldwide), 2022-now. Relative to its size it is most specialised in Environmental Chemistry, Geophysics and Oceanography (Environmental Chemistry is 8.3× its share of world research).

wm.eduROR OpenAlex
World rank, 2022-now
#2,396
of 22,385 · #1,175 all time
Rank in United States
#419
of 3,332
Research works
15k
▲ 5% vs 2018-21
Citations
369k
24.3 per fractional work
Top-10% rate
9.5%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.79×
1.00× is exactly expected
Open access
36%
world 40%
International
11%
world 18%
William & Mary

What is William & Mary known for in research?

The fields where it stands highest, 2022-now, ranked among every institution above the floor in each field.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Social SciencesDomain #1,476 of 9,585 8.9%862 #745
Social SciencesField #1,399 of 5,988 9.5%457 #724
Physical SciencesDomain #2,586 of 10,670 9.3%733 #1047
Computer ScienceField #1,215 of 4,417 14.8%147 #753
Life SciencesDomain #2,558 of 6,403 9.4%118 #2437
Sociology and Political ScienceSubfield #1,098 of 2,526 8.8%147 #747
Political Science and International RelationsSubfield #577 of 1,187 12.4%94 #488
Health SciencesDomain #5,367 of 9,902 8.6%118 #3648
PsychologyField #1,171 of 2,121 9.2%112 #822
Earth and Planetary SciencesField #609 of 1,088 7.0%137 #446

Each strip is that field's whole ranked pool, with the notch where William & Mary sits in it, in the colour of the band that rank falls in. The track under the rate is the rate itself: it carries no average mark, because the average differs by field (from about 6% in Dentistry to 21% in Economics).

Which of those standings moved

The same fields on both windows: where it stood over the whole record, and where it stands in 2022-now. The distance is the story, and it is the one thing the two rank columns above cannot show.

  1. Social Sciences#745 #1,476
  2. Social Sciences#724 #1,399
  3. Physical Sciences#1,047 #2,586
  4. Computer Science#753 #1,215
  5. Life Sciences#2,437 #2,558
  6. Sociology and Political Science#747 #1,098
  7. Political Science and International Relations#488 #577
  8. Health Sciences#3,648 #5,367
  9. Psychology#822 #1,171
  10. Earth and Planetary Sciences#446 #609
all time2022-now, better2022-now, worse

A dot further right is a better standing. Fields it was not ranked in over the whole record are left out.

Which fields of science does William & Mary work in?

In 2022-now, 47% of research at William & Mary is in Social Sciences, 40% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (25%), Environmental Science (11%), Computer Science (9%). It does 1.9× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 960 fractional works · 46.9% of its workSocial Sciences: 509 fractional works · 24.9% of its workSociology and Political Science: 164 fractional works · 8.0% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 104 fractional works · 5.1% of its workEducation: 53 fractional works · 2.6% of its workLaw: 38 fractional works · 1.8% of its workAnthropology: 34 fractional works · 1.6% of its workCultural Studies: 19 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSafety Research: 17 fractional works · 0.8% of its workGender Studies: 17 fractional works · 0.8% of its workDemography: 12 fractional works · 0.6% of its workHealth: 12 fractional works · 0.6% of its workCommunication: 11 fractional works · 0.6% of its workGeography, Planning and Development: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workLinguistics and Language: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 18 fractional works · 0.9% of its workArts and Humanities: 168 fractional works · 8.2% of its workPhilosophy: 34 fractional works · 1.7% of its workHistory: 31 fractional works · 1.5% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 24 fractional works · 1.2% of its workHistory and Philosophy of Science: 20 fractional works · 1.0% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 13 fractional works · 0.6% of its workReligious studies: 12 fractional works · 0.6% of its workArcheology: 10 fractional works · 0.5% of its workMusic: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workClassics: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workVisual Arts and Performing Arts: 5 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPsychology: 131 fractional works · 6.4% of its workSocial Psychology: 39 fractional works · 1.9% of its workClinical Psychology: 34 fractional works · 1.7% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 33 fractional works · 1.6% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 16 fractional works · 0.8% of its workApplied Psychology: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 69 fractional works · 3.4% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 50 fractional works · 2.5% of its workFinance: 10 fractional works · 0.5% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 54 fractional works · 2.6% of its workStrategy and Management: 16 fractional works · 0.8% of its workAccounting: 13 fractional works · 0.6% of its workMarketing: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement Information Systems: 7 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 5 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 29 fractional works · 1.4% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 16 fractional works · 0.8% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysical Sciences: 811 fractional works · 39.7% of its workEnvironmental Science: 219 fractional works · 10.7% of its workEcology: 70 fractional works · 3.4% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 51 fractional works · 2.5% of its workEnvironmental Chemistry: 37 fractional works · 1.8% of its workNature and Landscape Conservation: 18 fractional works · 0.9% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 13 fractional works · 0.7% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPollution: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputer Science: 181 fractional works · 8.8% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 69 fractional works · 3.4% of its workInformation Systems: 33 fractional works · 1.6% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 19 fractional works · 0.9% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 17 fractional works · 0.8% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 11 fractional works · 0.5% of its workHardware and Architecture: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSignal Processing: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workComputer Science Applications: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSoftware: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 145 fractional works · 7.1% of its workGeophysics: 55 fractional works · 2.7% of its workOceanography: 38 fractional works · 1.8% of its workAtmospheric Science: 21 fractional works · 1.0% of its workEarth-Surface Processes: 17 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPaleontology: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 123 fractional works · 6.0% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 39 fractional works · 1.9% of its workNuclear and High Energy Physics: 37 fractional works · 1.8% of its workAtomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics: 35 fractional works · 1.7% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEngineering: 68 fractional works · 3.3% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 17 fractional works · 0.8% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAerospace Engineering: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOcean Engineering: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMedia Technology: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAutomotive Engineering: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 23 fractional works · 1.1% of its workMathematics: 31 fractional works · 1.5% of its workStatistics and Probability: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workApplied Mathematics: 5 fractional works · 0.2% of its workAlgebra and Number Theory: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 0.7% of its workChemistry: 23 fractional works · 1.1% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 9 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSpectroscopy: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry: 5 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 3 fractional works · 0.1% of its workMaterials Science: 18 fractional works · 0.9% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEnergy: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workChemical Engineering: 1 fractional works · 0.0% of its workLife Sciences: 140 fractional works · 6.8% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 59 fractional works · 2.9% of its workMolecular Biology: 29 fractional works · 1.4% of its workGenetics: 15 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 38 fractional works · 1.9% of its workPlant Science: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workFood Science: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 7 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAquatic Science: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 33 fractional works · 1.6% of its workCognitive Neuroscience: 22 fractional works · 1.1% of its workSmaller subfields together: 11 fractional works · 0.5% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workImmunology: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 2 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 134 fractional works · 6.6% of its workMedicine: 100 fractional works · 4.9% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 18 fractional works · 0.9% of its workEpidemiology: 9 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPsychiatry and Mental health: 8 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPhysiology: 7 fractional works · 0.4% of its workReproductive Medicine: 6 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth Informatics: 5 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 5 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 32 fractional works · 1.6% of its workHealth Professions: 28 fractional works · 1.4% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 18 fractional works · 0.9% of its workSmaller subfields together: 10 fractional works · 0.5% of its workNursing: 4 fractional works · 0.2% of its workVeterinary: 1 fractional works · 0.1% of its workDentistry: 1 fractional works · 0.0% of its workALL ITS WORKWilliam & Mary2,046fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences7%Physical Sciences40%Health Sciences7%Social Sciences47%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this institution does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
    1. Social Sciences50924.9%
    2. Arts and Humanities1688.2%
    3. Psychology1316.4%
    4. Economics, Econometrics and Finance693.4%
    5. Business, Management and Accounting542.6%
    6. Decision Sciences291.4%
    1. Environmental Science21910.7%
    2. Computer Science1818.8%
    3. Earth and Planetary Sciences1457.1%
    4. Physics and Astronomy1236.0%
    5. Engineering683.3%
    6. Mathematics311.5%
    7. Chemistry231.1%
    8. Materials Science180.9%
    9. Energy20.1%
    10. Chemical Engineering10.0%
    1. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology592.9%
    2. Agricultural and Biological Sciences381.9%
    3. Neuroscience331.6%
    4. Immunology and Microbiology80.4%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics20.1%
    1. Medicine1004.9%
    2. Health Professions281.4%
    3. Nursing40.2%
    4. Veterinary10.1%
    5. Dentistry10.0%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

What does William & Mary specialise in?

Where its research is concentrated relative to its size: Environmental Chemistry takes 8.3× the share of its output that it takes of world research.

  1. Environmental ChemistrySubfield · 37.0 works8.3×
  2. GeophysicsSubfield · 55.3 works7.7×
  3. OceanographySubfield · 37.8 works6.6×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient, a volume reading rather than an impact one. It surfaces small, lopsided specialities.

Field profile

Location quotient across every field it publishes in: outside the ring is more than an institution of this size would be expected to publish, inside it is less.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 0.39× its world share, 38 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.54× its world share, 59 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.39× its world share, 8 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.99× its world share, 33 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.32× its world share, 2 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.12× its world share, 1 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.72× its world share, 23 worksChemistryComputer Science: 1.14× its world share, 181 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 4.52× its world share, 145 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.12× its world share, 2 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.22× its world share, 68 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 2.16× its world share, 219 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.25× its world share, 18 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.27× its world share, 31 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 2.70× its world share, 123 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 0.08× its world share, 1 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.52× its world share, 28 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.25× its world share, 100 worksMedicineNursing: 0.43× its world share, 4 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.50× its world share, 1 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 2.84× its world share, 168 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 0.82× its world share, 54 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.47× its world share, 29 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.57× its world share, 69 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 2.11× its world share, 132 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 1.97× its world share, 509 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Earth and Planetary Sciences, 4.5×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Earth and Planetary Sciences4.52×145 works
  2. Arts and Humanities2.84×168 works
  3. Physics and Astronomy2.70×123 works
  4. Environmental Science2.16×219 works
  5. Psychology2.11×132 works
  6. Social Sciences1.97×509 works
  7. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.57×69 works
  8. Decision Sciences1.47×29 works
  9. Mathematics1.27×31 works
  10. Computer Science1.14×181 works
  11. Neuroscience0.99×33 works
  12. Business, Management and Accounting0.82×54 works
  13. Chemistry0.72×23 works
  14. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.54×59 works
  15. Health Professions0.52×28 works
  16. Veterinary0.50×1 works
  17. Nursing0.43×4 works
  18. Agricultural and Biological Sciences0.39×38 works
  19. Immunology and Microbiology0.39×8 works
  20. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.32×2 works
  21. Materials Science0.25×18 works
  22. Medicine0.25×100 works
  23. Engineering0.22×68 works
  24. Chemical Engineering0.12×1 works
  25. Energy0.12×2 works
  26. Dentistry0.08×1 works

Who are the top researchers at William & Mary?

Ranked on the quality score, Denys Poshyvanyk, R. Bennett and J. Emmett Duffy lead among researchers whose main affiliation is William & Mary.

  1. 1 Denys Poshyvanyk United States · #10,568 worldwide 16k citations · 308 works
  2. 2 R. Bennett United States · #23,322 worldwide 12k citations · 156 works
  3. 3 J. Emmett Duffy United States · #25,240 worldwide 46k citations · 346 works
  4. 4 Matthew L. Kirwan United States · #34,332 worldwide 14k citations · 237 works
  5. 5 Eugeniy E. Mikhailov United States · #36,508 worldwide 74k citations · 336 works
  6. 6 Deborah K. Steinberg United States · #44,912 worldwide 16k citations · 237 works
  7. 7 Megan Tschannen‐Moran United States · #52,700 worldwide 24k citations · 97 works
  8. 8 X.-G. Lu United States · #53,445 worldwide 18k citations · 243 works
  9. 9 Jaime E. Settle United States · #69,990 worldwide 6k citations · 79 works
  10. 10 Walker O Jr Smith United States · #85,133 worldwide 17k citations · 515 works
All ranked researchers at William & Mary

What are the most cited papers from William & Mary?

The most cited paper from William & Mary is "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger" (B. P. Abbott et al., 2016), with 14,545 citations. Next come "GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral" (9,794) and "The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database" (7,973).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger B. P. Abbott et al. · Physical Review Letters Open access1,011 authors 11 Feb 2016 14,545
2 GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral B. P. Abbott et al. · Physical Review Letters Open access1,124 authors 16 Oct 2017 9,794
3 The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database Iouli E. Gordon et al. · Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Open access 4 Jul 2017 7,973
4 Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy, Andrew Gonzalez et al. · Nature Open access Jun 2012 7,502
5 Teacher efficacy: capturing an elusive construct Megan Tschannen‐Moran, Anita Woolfolk Hoy · Teaching and Teacher Education Oct 2001 6,791
All 60 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Which keywords describe research at William & Mary?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Climate Change, Tomography, Seismic Noise, Surface Wave, Human Rights, Globalization, Gender and Colonialism.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this institution's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change135▲ 2.4×74 topics
  2. Globalization78▲ 1.93×81 topics
  3. Human Rights68▲ 3.3×45 topics
  4. Machine Learning67◆ 0.99×69 topics
  5. Tomography51▲ 14×5 topics
  6. Mental Health50▲ 1.70×30 topics
  7. Seismic Noise50▲ 51×1 topic
  8. Surface Wave50▲ 51×1 topic
  9. Gender48▲ 4.3×40 topics
  10. Identity47▲ 3.1×49 topics
  11. Colonialism44▲ 4.6×36 topics
  12. History44▲ 3.1×33 topics
  13. Nationalism43▲ 4.6×26 topics
  14. Literature37▲ 3.3×34 topics
  15. Culture37▲ 3.4×22 topics
  16. Ecosystem Services37▲ 4.6×9 topics
  17. Microbial Communities36▲ 4.1×8 topics
  18. Religion35▲ 3.7×30 topics
  19. Criminal Justice33▲ 7.2×6 topics
  20. Social Inequality33▲ 6.0×10 topics
  21. Anaerobic33▲ 25×1 topic
  22. Methane Oxidation33▲ 20×1 topic
  23. Electron Acceleration32▲ 24×2 topics
  24. Solar Wind31▲ 17×2 topics
  25. Ionosphere31▲ 28×1 topic
  26. Magnetosphere31▲ 28×1 topic
  27. Fisheries Sustainability31▲ 17×2 topics
  28. Sea-Level Rise28▲ 12×5 topics
  29. Democracy27▲ 3.8×19 topics
  30. Public Opinion27▲ 11×6 topics
  31. Trophic Cascades24▲ 13×2 topics
  32. Coastal Protection24▲ 17×2 topics
  33. Race23▲ 9.6×15 topics
  34. Racial Disparities23▲ 21×3 topics
  35. Society23▲ 5.8×10 topics
  36. Ecosystem Management21▲ 18×1 topic
  37. Marine Fisheries21▲ 26×1 topic
  38. Prison System21▲ 19×2 topics
  39. Incarceration Effects21▲ 34×1 topic
  40. Mass Incarceration21▲ 34×1 topic

Which research topics does William & Mary publish most on?

By volume in 2022-now: Seismic Waves and Analysis, Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena, Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics and Marine and fisheries research.

Seismic Waves and Analysis50Seismic Waves and Analysis: 50 fractional worksMethane Hydrates and Related Phenomena: 33 fractional worksIonosphere and magnetosphere dynamics: 31 fractional worksMarine and fisheries research: 21 fractional worksCriminal Justice and Corrections Analysis: 21 fractional worksCoastal wetland ecosyste…18Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics: 18 fractional worksAmerican Constitutional Law and Politics: 15 fractional worksMarine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies: 12 fractional worksMarine and coastal ecosystems: 10 fractional worksParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies: 10 fractional works
GeophysicsEnvironmental ChemistryAstronomy and AstrophysicsGlobal and Planetary Change5 others

Area is fractional works; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to.

  1. 1 Seismic Waves and Analysis Geophysics 50 works
  2. 2 Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena Environmental Chemistry 33 works
  3. 3 Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics Astronomy and Astrophysics 31 works
  4. 4 Marine and fisheries research Global and Planetary Change 21 works
  5. 5 Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis Sociology and Political Science 21 works
  6. 6 Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics Ecology 18 works
  7. 7 American Constitutional Law and Politics Political Science and International Relations 15 works
  8. 8 Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies Global and Planetary Change 12 works
  9. 9 Marine and coastal ecosystems Oceanography 10 works
  10. 10 Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies Nuclear and High Energy Physics 10 works

How open and international is its research?

Against the world's own shares: the tick on each track. Both are shares of its output, so they sit on one scale and can be read against each other as well as against the world.

openly available35.7%not open64.3%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors11.0%domestic only89.0%

World: 18% is written across borders.

How has William & Mary's research output changed?

Output in 2022-2025 was 5% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is William & Mary as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0092% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%William & Mary0.0082% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of William & Mary over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year, against all institutions in the same year.

still counting10%20%all institutions10.0% in 2025William & Mary9.3% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 15.0% in 2000.

Other research institutions in Williamsburg

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William & Mary on Science Explorer

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