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Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques

Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques is a research topic within Radiation. Science Explorer counts 25k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on advanced X-ray imaging techniques and applications, including phase retrieval, tomography, ptychography, coherent diffractive imaging, nanoscale imaging, soft X-ray microscopy, and phase contrast imaging. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as femtosecond X-ray pulses, high-resolution imaging, and the use of novel algorithms for image reconstruction.

  • X-ray Imaging
  • Phase Retrieval
  • Tomography
  • Ptychography
  • Coherent Diffractive Imaging
  • Nanoscale Imaging
  • Soft X-ray Microscopy
  • Diffraction Microscopy
  • Phase Contrast Imaging
  • Femtosecond X-ray Pulses
Research works
25k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2.4k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+2%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
29% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques

Which countries lead Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (909 and 747 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 909 works
  2. 2 United States 747 works
  3. 3 Germany 411 works
  4. 4 Japan 246 works
  5. 5 France 176 works
  6. 6 United Kingdom 170 works
  7. 7 Russia 148 works
  8. 8 Italy 112 works
  9. 9 Switzerland 89 works
  10. 10 South Korea 87 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 29.4%United States: 24.1%Germany: 13.3%Japan: 8.0%6 others listed: 25.3%29%largest
China909 · 29.4%United States747 · 24.1%Germany411 · 13.3%Japan246 · 8.0%6 others listed782 · 25.3%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research, followed by Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 174 works
  2. 2 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 99 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 98 works
  4. 4 Stanford UniversityUnited States 59 works
  5. 5 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 57 works
  6. 6 Argonne National LaboratoryUnited States 53 works
  7. 7 University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 45 works
  8. 8 Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland 42 works
  9. 9 Tsinghua UniversityChina 37 works
  10. 10 Max Planck SocietyGermany 34 works

Who are the leading researchers in Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques include Zhong Lin Wang, Takashi Taniguchi and Kai You Wang.

  1. 1 Zhong Lin Wang United States 491k citations
  2. 2 Takashi Taniguchi Japan 227k citations
  3. 3 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  4. 4 Younan Xia United States 207k citations
  5. 5 Hua Zhang Singapore 196k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques?

The most cited paper in Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques is "Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements" (David N. Mastronarde, 2005), with 6,180 citations. Next come "CTFFIND4: Fast and accurate defocus estimation from electron micrographs" (5,758) and "Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison" (5,681).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements David N. Mastronarde · Journal of Structural Biology 25 Aug 2005 6,180
2 CTFFIND4: Fast and accurate defocus estimation from electron micrographs Alexis L. Rohou, Nikolaus Grigorieff · Journal of Structural Biology Open access 13 Aug 2015 5,758
3 Phase retrieval algorithms: a comparison James R. Fienup · Applied Optics Aug 1982 5,681
4 Comparison of silver and molybdenum microfocus X-ray sources for single-crystal structure determination Lennard Krause, Regine Herbst‐Irmer, George M. Sheldrick et al. · Journal of Applied Crystallography Open access 17 Dec 2014 4,961
5 Small-Angle Scattering of X-Rays André Guinier, G. Fournet, C. B. Walker et al. · Physics Today Aug 1956 4,324
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research done?

The largest centres of Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Hamburg (Germany), Shanghai (China) and Moscow (Russia). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Schenefeld, Sayō and Villigen.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 253 works
  2. 2 HamburgGermany 94 works
  3. 3 ShanghaiChina 76 works
  4. 4 MoscowRussia 68 works
  5. 5 TokyoJapan 55 works
  6. 6 HefeiChina 53 works
  7. 7 LemontUnited States 53 works
  8. 8 NanjingChina 46 works
  9. 9 SayōJapan 44 works
  10. 10 Menlo ParkUnited States 43 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. SchenefeldDE · 36.0 works674×
  2. SayōJP · 43.9 works311×
  3. VilligenCH · 42.0 works140×
  4. DidcotGB · 34.5 works118×
  5. Menlo ParkUS · 43.2 works80×
  6. LemontUS · 53.1 works79×
  7. UptonUS · 26.8 works77×
  8. PudongCN · 35.6 works35×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques than the world average.

See Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques on the map

Where is the best place to study Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques?

Among universities, judged by research, Tsinghua University, Stanford University and Heidelberg University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 15.97%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Tsinghua UniversityHeidelberg UniversityUniversity of AntwerpStanford University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Tsinghua UniversityChina 70.520.0%5.0×37 +99.7%
2Stanford UniversityUnited States 67.512.5%12.5×59 -22.4%
3Heidelberg UniversityGermany 65.919.3%4.6×11 +66.6%
4University of AntwerpBelgium 64.015.5%10.9×12 +76.3%
5University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 62.010.6%8.6×45 +51.5%
6Universität HamburgGermany 61.414.6%9.1×21 -1.5%
7University of OxfordUnited Kingdom 60.015.0%3.2×14 +27.0%
8Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyChina 59.814.8%9.2×24 -0.4%
9Lund UniversitySweden 59.018.2%6.1×11 +10.1%
10Université Grenoble AlpesFrance 57.819.2%5.7×9 +11.9%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques, country by country

Is Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 2% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.015% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques0.015% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Advanced X-ray Imaging Techniques9.7% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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