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Topic · Economics and Econometrics

Belt and Road Initiative

Belt and Road Initiative is a research topic within Economics and Econometrics. Science Explorer counts 4.9k research works in it since 1960. 10.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the impact of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), examining its influence on sustainable development, infrastructure, energy security, environmental assessment, regional integration, social well-being, transport infrastructure, and geopolitics. The papers explore the opportunities and challenges presented by CPEC for Pakistan and the broader region.

  • China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
  • Sustainable Development
  • Infrastructure Development
  • Energy Security
  • Environmental Impact Assessment
  • Belt and Road Initiative
  • Regional Integration
  • Social Well-being
  • Transport Infrastructure
  • Geopolitics
Research works
4.9k
fractional, since 1960
In the world top 10%
501
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+71%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
Pakistan
24% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Belt and Road Initiative

Which countries lead Belt and Road Initiative research?

By volume, Pakistan and Türkiye publish the most (449 and 379 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Pakistan 449 works
  2. 2 Türkiye 379 works
  3. 3 China 253 works
  4. 4 India 216 works
  5. 5 United States 176 works
  6. 6 Indonesia 157 works
  7. 7 Uzbekistan 74 works
  8. 8 Malaysia 67 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 66 works
  10. 10 Russia 65 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Pakistan: 23.6%Türkiye: 19.9%China: 13.3%India: 11.3%6 others listed: 31.8%24%largest
Pakistan449 · 23.6%Türkiye379 · 19.9%China253 · 13.3%India216 · 11.3%6 others listed605 · 31.8%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Belt and Road Initiative research?

By volume in 2022-now, University of the Punjab publishes the most Belt and Road Initiative research, followed by International Islamic University, Islamabad and Russian Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 University of the PunjabPakistan 20 works
  2. 2 International Islamic University, IslamabadPakistan 19 works
  3. 3 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 18 works
  4. 4 Government College University, FaisalabadPakistan 17 works
  5. 5 National University of Modern LanguagesPakistan 15 works
  6. 6 Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan 14 works
  7. 7 Quaid-i-Azam UniversityPakistan 14 works
  8. 8 University of KarachiPakistan 13 works
  9. 9 University of PeshawarPakistan 13 works
  10. 10 Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityPakistan 12 works

What are the most cited papers in Belt and Road Initiative?

The most cited paper in Belt and Road Initiative is "Determinants of Organizational Commitment" (Clifford J. Mottaz, 1988), with 388 citations. Next come "Wellbeing—The Five Essential Elements" (336) and "Job Satisfaction Among Nurses" (260).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Determinants of Organizational Commitment Clifford J. Mottaz · Human Relations Jun 1988 388
2 Wellbeing—The Five Essential Elements Stèfan Krüger · Applied Research in Quality of Life 14 Sep 2010 336
3 Job Satisfaction Among Nurses Thomas J. Kalliath, Rita I. Morris · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration Dec 2002 260
4 Enhancing resilience in the Covid-19 crisis: lessons from human resource management practices in Vietnam Diep Ngoc Su, Diep Luc Tra, Hanh My Thi Huynh et al. · Current Issues in Tourism Open access 6 Jan 2021 219
5 Expanding the Paradigm of Occupational Safety and Health Ramya Chari, Chia‐Chia Chang, Steven L. Sauter et al. · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Open access 2 Apr 2018 202
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Belt and Road Initiative research done?

The largest centres of Belt and Road Initiative research in 2022-now are Islamabad (Pakistan), Lahore (Pakistan), Istanbul (Türkiye) and Tashkent (Uzbekistan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Islamabad and Peshawar.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 IslamabadPakistan 108 works
  2. 2 LahorePakistan 83 works
  3. 3 IstanbulTürkiye 80 works
  4. 4 TashkentUzbekistan 58 works
  5. 5 AnkaraTürkiye 53 works
  6. 6 KarachiPakistan 51 works
  7. 7 BeijingChina 49 works
  8. 8 MoscowRussia 44 works
  9. 9 PeshawarPakistan 38 works
  10. 10 JakartaIndonesia 27 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. IslamabadPK · 107.5 works29×
  2. PeshawarPK · 38.1 works24×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Belt and Road Initiative than the world average.

See Belt and Road Initiative on the map

Where is the best place to study Belt and Road Initiative?

Among universities, judged by research, Government College University, Faisalabad, Bahauddin Zakariya University and University of the Punjab score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 9.89%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Bahauddin Zakariya U…Government College U…International Islami…University of the Pu…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Government College University, FaisalabadPakistan 76.89.1%47.5×17 +200.6%
2Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityPakistan 72.914.3%38.0×12 +25.9%
3University of the PunjabPakistan 69.86.1%30.3×20 +90.5%
4International Islamic University, IslamabadPakistan 69.06.4%71.5×19 +39.3%
5Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityIndia 67.518.7%21.9×10 +73.4%
6Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan 64.714.3%23.1×10 +220.3%
7Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli UniversityTürkiye 63.815.3%34.1×11 +190.5%
8Islamia University of BahawalpurPakistan 60.64.6%38.3×14 +99.8%
9Quaid-i-Azam UniversityPakistan 58.94.9%27.4×14 +83.4%
10University of PeshawarPakistan 55.65.2%69.8×13 +29.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Belt and Road Initiative, country by country

Is Belt and Road Initiative research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 71% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Belt and Road Initiative.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Belt and Road Initiative as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0088% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%0.015%Belt and Road Initiative0.013% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Belt and Road Initiative over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Belt and Road Initiative10.3% in 202520102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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