Science Explorer Back to mapMap
Discussion
Country

Science in Afghanistan

Afghanistan ranks #106 of 189 countries on research quality in 2022-now (#135 all time), with 4.5k research works and 9.0% of them in the world's top 10%.

World rank, 2022-now
#106
of 189 · #135 all time
Works, 2022-now
4.5k
▲ 155% vs 2018-21
Citations
38k
4.7 per fractional work, all time
Top-10% rate
9.0%
all institutions 10.0%
vs its own fields
0.80×
1.00× is exactly expected
In the world top 100
0
0 in the top 1,000
Open access
86%
world 40%
International
34%
world 18%
Afghanistan

What is Afghanistan strongest at in science?

On research quality in 2022-now, Afghanistan ranks highest in Social Sciences (#89 of 148), Political Science and International Relations (#58 of 95) and Computer Science (#94 of 128). Relative to its size it is most specialised in Transportation, Political Science and International Relations and Chemical Health and Safety.

FieldWorld rankWhere that sitsTop-10% rateWorksAll time
Social SciencesField #89 of 148 10.4%1,303 #121 Institutions
Political Science and International RelationsSubfield #58 of 95 12.1%369 #75 Institutions
Computer ScienceField #94 of 128 13.5%260 #113
Sociology and Political ScienceSubfield #88 of 119 8.5%376 #113 Institutions
EngineeringField #99 of 131 9.0%416 #122 Institutions
MedicineField #115 of 152 6.5%690 #133 Institutions
Agricultural and Biological SciencesField #95 of 124 8.9%317 #121 Institutions
EducationSubfield #88 of 112 11.5%235 -

Where its research is concentrated

Location quotient: how much more (or less) of each node it does than its size predicts. Drawn around 1×, where "twice the world share" and "half of it" are the same distance apart in opposite directions. A volume reading, which on a country axis is largely population and industrial structure.

  1. TransportationSubfield · 159.6 works · #61 of 205 active here9.0×
  2. Political Science and International RelationsSubfield · 415.8 works · #80 of 219 active here5.2×
  3. Chemical Health and SafetySubfield · 1.1 works · #90 of 139 active here3.2×
  4. Agronomy and Crop ScienceSubfield · 36.8 works · #84 of 206 active here2.9×
  5. General DentistrySubfield · 6.7 works · #94 of 177 active here2.9×
  6. General EnergySubfield · 4.0 works · #93 of 167 active here2.8×
  7. Language and LinguisticsSubfield · 64.1 works · #97 of 213 active here2.7×
  8. Soil ScienceSubfield · 43.3 works · #92 of 205 active here2.7×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

The whole field profile

All 26 fields at once. A specialist and a generalist produce the same ranked list and a completely different shape.

Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 1.48× its world share, 376 worksAgricultural and Bio…Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 0.42× its world share, 121 worksBiochemistry, Geneti…Immunology and Microbiology: 0.70× its world share, 38 worksImmunology and Micro…Neuroscience: 0.31× its world share, 27 worksNeurosciencePharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 0.56× its world share, 10 worksPharmacology, Toxico…Chemical Engineering: 0.23× its world share, 4 worksChemical EngineeringChemistry: 0.40× its world share, 34 worksChemistryComputer Science: 0.76× its world share, 316 worksComputer ScienceEarth and Planetary Sciences: 0.50× its world share, 42 worksEarth and Planetary …Energy: 0.75× its world share, 37 worksEnergyEngineering: 0.60× its world share, 478 worksEngineeringEnvironmental Science: 0.87× its world share, 230 worksEnvironmental ScienceMaterials Science: 0.30× its world share, 55 worksMaterials ScienceMathematics: 1.10× its world share, 69 worksMathematicsPhysics and Astronomy: 0.32× its world share, 38 worksPhysics and AstronomyDentistry: 1.72× its world share, 44 worksDentistryHealth Professions: 0.86× its world share, 121 worksHealth ProfessionsMedicine: 0.87× its world share, 889 worksMedicineNursing: 1.65× its world share, 43 worksNursingVeterinary: 0.96× its world share, 7 worksVeterinaryArts and Humanities: 1.31× its world share, 201 worksArts and HumanitiesBusiness, Management and Accounting: 1.38× its world share, 238 worksBusiness, Management…Decision Sciences: 1.01× its world share, 52 worksDecision SciencesEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 1.71× its world share, 195 worksEconomics, Econometr…Psychology: 1.16× its world share, 189 worksPsychologySocial Sciences: 2.20× its world share, 1,486 worksSocial Sciences1×world share
more than its size predictsabout as predictedless

Rings at 0.5×, 1× and 2×. Widest outward: Social Sciences, 2.2×. Every wedge is a field page.

All 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Social Sciences2.20×1,486 works
  2. Dentistry1.72×44 works
  3. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1.71×195 works
  4. Nursing1.65×43 works
  5. Agricultural and Biological Sciences1.48×376 works
  6. Business, Management and Accounting1.38×238 works
  7. Arts and Humanities1.31×201 works
  8. Psychology1.16×189 works
  9. Mathematics1.10×69 works
  10. Decision Sciences1.01×52 works
  11. Veterinary0.96×7 works
  12. Environmental Science0.87×230 works
  13. Medicine0.87×889 works
  14. Health Professions0.86×121 works
  15. Computer Science0.76×316 works
  16. Energy0.75×37 works
  17. Immunology and Microbiology0.70×38 works
  18. Engineering0.60×478 works
  19. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics0.56×10 works
  20. Earth and Planetary Sciences0.50×42 works
  21. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology0.42×121 works
  22. Chemistry0.40×34 works
  23. Physics and Astronomy0.32×38 works
  24. Neuroscience0.31×27 works
  25. Materials Science0.30×55 works
  26. Chemical Engineering0.23×4 works

Which fields of science does Afghanistan work in?

In 2022-now, 44% of research in Afghanistan is in Social Sciences, 24% in Physical Sciences. Its largest fields are Social Sciences (28%), Medicine (17%), Engineering (9%). It does 1.8× the world's share of Social Sciences.

Social Sciences: 2,361 fractional works · 44.2% of its workSocial Sciences: 1,486 fractional works · 27.8% of its workSociology and Political Science: 426 fractional works · 8.0% of its workPolitical Science and International Relations: 416 fractional works · 7.8% of its workEducation: 278 fractional works · 5.2% of its workTransportation: 160 fractional works · 3.0% of its workLaw: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workDemography: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workCommunication: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workAnthropology: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSafety Research: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workGender Studies: 16 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHuman Factors and Ergonomics: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHealth: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 48 fractional works · 0.9% of its workBusiness, Management and Accounting: 238 fractional works · 4.5% of its workAccounting: 75 fractional works · 1.4% of its workStrategy and Management: 54 fractional works · 1.0% of its workOrganizational Behavior and Human Resource Management: 43 fractional works · 0.8% of its workManagement Information Systems: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workManagement of Technology and Innovation: 19 fractional works · 0.3% of its workMarketing: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 9 fractional works · 0.2% of its workArts and Humanities: 201 fractional works · 3.8% of its workLanguage and Linguistics: 64 fractional works · 1.2% of its workLiterature and Literary Theory: 50 fractional works · 0.9% of its workArcheology: 24 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPhilosophy: 24 fractional works · 0.4% of its workReligious studies: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 26 fractional works · 0.5% of its workEconomics, Econometrics and Finance: 195 fractional works · 3.6% of its workEconomics and Econometrics: 136 fractional works · 2.5% of its workGeneral Economics, Econometrics and Finance: 32 fractional works · 0.6% of its workFinance: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPsychology: 189 fractional works · 3.5% of its workClinical Psychology: 74 fractional works · 1.4% of its workSocial Psychology: 60 fractional works · 1.1% of its workDevelopmental and Educational Psychology: 25 fractional works · 0.5% of its workExperimental and Cognitive Psychology: 19 fractional works · 0.3% of its workApplied Psychology: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workDecision Sciences: 52 fractional works · 1.0% of its workManagement Science and Operations Research: 25 fractional works · 0.5% of its workInformation Systems and Management: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workStatistics, Probability and Uncertainty: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workPhysical Sciences: 1,303 fractional works · 24.4% of its workEngineering: 478 fractional works · 8.9% of its workAerospace Engineering: 164 fractional works · 3.1% of its workElectrical and Electronic Engineering: 54 fractional works · 1.0% of its workCivil and Structural Engineering: 54 fractional works · 1.0% of its workBiomedical Engineering: 43 fractional works · 0.8% of its workMechanical Engineering: 33 fractional works · 0.6% of its workBuilding and Construction: 33 fractional works · 0.6% of its workControl and Systems Engineering: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMedia Technology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workOcean Engineering: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workComputational Mechanics: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 36 fractional works · 0.7% of its workComputer Science: 315 fractional works · 5.9% of its workInformation Systems: 138 fractional works · 2.6% of its workArtificial Intelligence: 77 fractional works · 1.4% of its workComputer Networks and Communications: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition: 28 fractional works · 0.5% of its workComputational Theory and Mathematics: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workComputer Science Applications: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 18 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEnvironmental Science: 230 fractional works · 4.3% of its workGlobal and Planetary Change: 44 fractional works · 0.8% of its workEnvironmental Engineering: 36 fractional works · 0.7% of its workManagement, Monitoring, Policy and Law: 34 fractional works · 0.6% of its workWater Science and Technology: 26 fractional works · 0.5% of its workHealth, Toxicology and Mutagenesis: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workPollution: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEcology: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workIndustrial and Manufacturing Engineering: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 10 fractional works · 0.2% of its workMathematics: 69 fractional works · 1.3% of its workModeling and Simulation: 20 fractional works · 0.4% of its workApplied Mathematics: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workStatistics and Probability: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workMaterials Science: 55 fractional works · 1.0% of its workMaterials Chemistry: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workBiomaterials: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEarth and Planetary Sciences: 42 fractional works · 0.8% of its workAtmospheric Science: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 30 fractional works · 0.6% of its workPhysics and Astronomy: 38 fractional works · 0.7% of its workStatistical and Nonlinear Physics: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workAstronomy and Astrophysics: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workEnergy: 37 fractional works · 0.7% of its workRenewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: 24 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 13 fractional works · 0.3% of its workChemistry: 34 fractional works · 0.6% of its workOrganic Chemistry: 19 fractional works · 0.4% of its workSmaller subfields together: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workChemical Engineering: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workHealth Sciences: 1,105 fractional works · 20.7% of its workMedicine: 889 fractional works · 16.6% of its workSurgery: 128 fractional works · 2.4% of its workPublic Health, Environmental and Occupational Health: 102 fractional works · 1.9% of its workEpidemiology: 80 fractional works · 1.5% of its workInfectious Diseases: 64 fractional works · 1.2% of its workCardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine: 45 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health: 44 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPulmonary and Respiratory Medicine: 44 fractional works · 0.8% of its workOncology: 30 fractional works · 0.6% of its workEndocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workRadiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPhysiology: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPathology and Forensic Medicine: 22 fractional works · 0.4% of its workEmergency Medicine: 21 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeurology: 19 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOphthalmology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workRheumatology: 17 fractional works · 0.3% of its workObstetrics and Gynecology: 16 fractional works · 0.3% of its workPharmacology: 16 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHematology: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workHepatology: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 115 fractional works · 2.1% of its workHealth Professions: 121 fractional works · 2.3% of its workGeneral Health Professions: 57 fractional works · 1.1% of its workHealth Information Management: 13 fractional works · 0.3% of its workEmergency Medical Services: 12 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 39 fractional works · 0.7% of its workDentistry: 45 fractional works · 0.8% of its workPeriodontics: 19 fractional works · 0.4% of its workOral Surgery: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workNursing: 43 fractional works · 0.8% of its workNutrition and Dietetics: 39 fractional works · 0.7% of its workSmaller subfields together: 4 fractional works · 0.1% of its workVeterinary: 7 fractional works · 0.1% of its workLife Sciences: 572 fractional works · 10.7% of its workAgricultural and Biological Sciences: 376 fractional works · 7.0% of its workPlant Science: 142 fractional works · 2.7% of its workSoil Science: 43 fractional works · 0.8% of its workFood Science: 40 fractional works · 0.7% of its workAgronomy and Crop Science: 37 fractional works · 0.7% of its workGeneral Agricultural and Biological Sciences: 35 fractional works · 0.7% of its workEcology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics: 29 fractional works · 0.5% of its workAnimal Science and Zoology: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workInsect Science: 13 fractional works · 0.2% of its workSmaller subfields together: 14 fractional works · 0.3% of its workBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology: 121 fractional works · 2.3% of its workMolecular Biology: 58 fractional works · 1.1% of its workGenetics: 25 fractional works · 0.5% of its workSmaller subfields together: 38 fractional works · 0.7% of its workImmunology and Microbiology: 38 fractional works · 0.7% of its workImmunology: 15 fractional works · 0.3% of its workSmaller subfields together: 23 fractional works · 0.4% of its workNeuroscience: 27 fractional works · 0.5% of its workPharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics: 11 fractional works · 0.2% of its workALL ITS WORKAfghanistan5,341fractional works, 2022-now
Life Sciences11%Physical Sciences24%Health Sciences21%Social Sciences44%

Each ring splits the one inside it: the four domains of science, their fields, their subfields. Size is fractional works in 2022-now. Every slice is a page; the interactive view zooms down to single topics and colours each by how much more of it this country does than the world.

Its 4 domains and 26 fields, with their numbers
  1. Social Sciences2,36144.2%
    1. Social Sciences1,48627.8%
    2. Business, Management and Accounting2384.5%
    3. Arts and Humanities2013.8%
    4. Economics, Econometrics and Finance1953.6%
    5. Psychology1893.5%
    6. Decision Sciences521.0%
    1. Engineering4788.9%
    2. Computer Science3155.9%
    3. Environmental Science2304.3%
    4. Mathematics691.3%
    5. Materials Science551.0%
    6. Earth and Planetary Sciences420.8%
    7. Physics and Astronomy380.7%
    8. Energy370.7%
    9. Chemistry340.6%
    10. Chemical Engineering40.1%
  3. Health Sciences1,10520.7%
    1. Medicine88916.6%
    2. Health Professions1212.3%
    3. Dentistry450.8%
    4. Nursing430.8%
    5. Veterinary70.1%
    1. Agricultural and Biological Sciences3767.0%
    2. Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology1212.3%
    3. Immunology and Microbiology380.7%
    4. Neuroscience270.5%
    5. Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics110.2%
All of science, and how each field's share has moved since 1950: the Science domain explorer

Which keywords describe research in Afghanistan?

By fractional works in 2022-now, weighted toward what it does more of than the world: Security, Conflict, Central Asia, Nation-Building, Reconstruction, State-Building, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's

Size is fractional works in 2022-now in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of this country's work against its share of the world's. The 40 words are chosen for being large and distinctive. Each links to the topic it comes from most.

All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Security309▲ 8.7×24 topics
  2. Epidemiology296▲ 1.39×126 topics
  3. Conflict293▲ 34×9 topics
  4. Central Asia260▲ 69×4 topics
  5. Nation-Building252▲ 89×3 topics
  6. Reconstruction252▲ 28×6 topics
  7. State-Building251▲ 133×2 topics
  8. Afghanistan249▲ 196×1 topic
  9. Pakistan249▲ 196×1 topic
  10. Globalization244▲ 2.3×91 topics
  11. Ethnicity210▲ 11×14 topics
  12. Culture207▲ 7.4×16 topics
  13. History204▲ 5.5×20 topics
  14. Climate Change202▲ 1.39×97 topics
  15. Literature201▲ 6.9×23 topics
  16. Philosophy198▲ 8.4×13 topics
  17. Islam191▲ 17×5 topics
  18. Social Influence190▲ 17×3 topics
  19. Science189▲ 14×3 topics
  20. Malay Language188▲ 25×1 topic
  21. Sharia Law188▲ 25×1 topic
  22. Sustainable Development178▲ 2.1×76 topics
  23. Economic Security164▲ 14×7 topics
  24. Legal Regulation162▲ 14×7 topics
  25. Strategic Planning158▲ 20×3 topics
  26. Design158▲ 18×4 topics
  27. Modernization157▲ 16×4 topics
  28. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles157▲ 16×4 topics
  29. International Trade Law156▲ 22×2 topics
  30. Foresight156▲ 22×2 topics
  31. Air Force155▲ 25×1 topic
  32. Warfare155▲ 25×1 topic
  33. Public Oversight155▲ 24×1 topic
  34. Transport Policy155▲ 24×1 topic
  35. Human Rights133▲ 2.4×55 topics
  36. Teacher Training107▲ 3.3×16 topics
  37. Islamic Education87▲ 4.9×4 topics
  38. Religious Education68▲ 7.9×3 topics
  39. Madrasa66▲ 18×1 topic
  40. Muslim Students66▲ 18×1 topic

Which research topics does Afghanistan publish the most in?

Its largest topics in 2022-now are Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East, Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies, Military Technology and Strategies.

Politics and Conflicts i…249Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East: 249 fractional worksLinguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies: 188 fractional worksMilitary Technology and Strategies: 155 fractional worksLegal and Regulatory Ana…155Legal and Regulatory Analysis: 155 fractional worksEducation and Islamic Studies: 66 fractional worksIslamic Finance and Banking Studies: 53 fractional worksIslamic Studies and History: 43 fractional worksBelt and Road Initiative: 37 fractional worksHealth and Well-being Studies: 30 fractional worksLegal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges: 29 fractional worksEFL/ESL Teaching and Learning: 26 fractional worksChild Nutrition and Water Access: 21 fractional works
Political Science and International RelationsSociology and Political ScienceAerospace EngineeringTransportation7 others

Area is fractional works in 2022-now; colour is the subfield each topic belongs to. Every tile is a topic page.

  1. 1 Politics and Conflicts in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Middle East Political Science and International Relations 249 works
  2. 2 Linguistic, Cultural, and Literary Studies Sociology and Political Science 188 works
  3. 3 Military Technology and Strategies Aerospace Engineering 155 works
  4. 4 Legal and Regulatory Analysis Transportation 155 works
  5. 5 Education and Islamic Studies Education 66 works
  6. 6 Islamic Finance and Banking Studies Accounting 53 works
  7. 7 Islamic Studies and History Political Science and International Relations 43 works
  8. 8 Belt and Road Initiative Economics and Econometrics 37 works
  9. 9 Health and Well-being Studies Clinical Psychology 30 works
  10. 10 Legal, Health, Environmental and COVID-19 Challenges Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health 29 works
  11. 11 EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning Language and Linguistics 26 works
  12. 12 Child Nutrition and Water Access Nutrition and Dietetics 21 works

Which universities in Afghanistan lead research?

Kabul University, Kandahar University and Herat University rank highest in Afghanistan on research quality in 2022-now.

0%5%10%15%mean 9.65333%fractional works (log) →share in the world top 10% →Kandahar UniversityHerat UniversityKabul UniversityKabul Education Univ…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per institution in the list below. The upper left is the interesting corner.

  1. 1Kabul UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #3,366 worldwide8.3% top 10% · 1.2k works
  2. 2Kandahar UniversityUniversity · Kandahar · #6,138 worldwide12.7% top 10% · 207 works
  3. 3Herat UniversityUniversity · Herat · #6,474 worldwide10.0% top 10% · 340 works
  4. 4Kabul Education UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #6,670 worldwide7.5% top 10% · 249 works
  5. 5Nangarhar UniversityUniversity · Jalalabad · #7,120 worldwide8.9% top 10% · 332 works
  6. 6Kardan UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #9,498 worldwide13.9% top 10% · 145 works
  7. 7Balkh UniversityUniversity · Mazari Sharif · #10,657 worldwide9.0% top 10% · 167 works
  8. 8Salam UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #11,356 worldwide11.0% top 10% · 133 works
  9. 9Bakhtar UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #11,889 worldwide9.4% top 10% · 92 works
  10. 10Paktia UniversityUniversity · Gardez · #13,390 worldwide7.8% top 10% · 114 works
  11. 11Khost UniversityUniversity · Khōst · #13,632 worldwide8.7% top 10% · 138 works
  12. 12Polytechnical University of KabulUniversity · Kabul · #14,777 worldwide10.1% top 10% · 102 works
  13. 13Badakhshan UniversityUniversity · Fayzabad · #15,105 worldwide12.4% top 10% · 110 works
  14. 14Kabul Medical UniversityUniversity · Kabul · #16,694 worldwide7.4% top 10% · 146 works
  15. 15Bamyan UniversityUniversity · Bāmyān · #16,756 worldwide7.7% top 10% · 101 works

The track on each row is its top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below.

All ranked institutions in Afghanistan

Who are the top researchers in Afghanistan?

Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Ahmad Shah Irshad and Sajid Ullah rank highest among researchers based in Afghanistan.

  1. 1 Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai #146,569 worldwide 9.4k citations · 116 works
  2. 2 Ahmad Shah Irshad #157,819 worldwide 648 citations · 45 works
  3. 3 Sajid Ullah #165,934 worldwide 561 citations · 24 works
  4. 4 Sayeed Naqibullah Orfan #191,532 worldwide 523 citations · 37 works
  5. 5 Abdul Qawi Noori #209,787 worldwide 484 citations · 30 works
  6. 6 Abdul Wajid Fazil #306,142 worldwide 337 citations · 29 works
  7. 7 Nasratullah Habibi #420,891 worldwide 322 citations · 31 works
  8. 8 Mohammad Naim Azimi #427,345 worldwide 487 citations · 45 works
  9. 9 Muhammad Abdel Haleem #434,435 worldwide 1.2k citations · 182 works
  10. 10 Aminuddin Hashemi #469,075 worldwide 392 citations · 19 works
Top researchers in Afghanistan

How open and international is Afghanistan's research?

86% of its research is openly available (world: 40%), and 34% is written with international co-authors (world: 18%).

openly available85.6%not open14.4%

World: 40% of research is openly available.

with international co-authors34.0%domestic only66.0%

World: 18% is written across borders.

In 2022-now, 92% of its research is openly available (world 63%) and 29% is written with co-authors abroad (world 22%). Against what its own mix of topics predicts, that is 1.25× the expected open access and 1.52× the expected international share, which puts it #15 of 173 countries on openness.

How has Afghanistan's research grown?

Output in 2022-2025 was 155% higher than in 2018-2021.

still counting1990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Afghanistan as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.022% in 2024.

still counting0.010%0.020%0.030%Afghanistan0.029% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Afghanistan over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Over the whole record, 8.6% of its 8.2k works since 1951 reached the world top 10% for their field and year.

still counting5%10%15%all institutions10.0% in 2025Afghanistan8.5% in 202520102020

Of each year's output, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for its field and year. Peak 13.0% in 2004.

Which countries have research most like Afghanistan's?

Peru is Afghanistan's closest research twin: of all countries, its research is spread across the fields most like Afghanistan's, with both strong in Social Sciences.

  1. 1 PeruBoth strong in Social Sciences, Dentistry, Economics, Econometrics and Finance 0.88 Compare
  2. 2 Bosnia and HerzegovinaBoth strong in Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Dentistry, Social Sciences 0.86 Compare
  3. 3 AlbaniaBoth strong in Social Sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Dentistry 0.86 Compare
  4. 4 KyrgyzstanBoth strong in Social Sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Arts and Humanities 0.84 Compare
  5. 5 BoliviaBoth strong in Social Sciences, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Dentistry 0.84 Compare

Similarity is the correlation of each side's location quotients across every field it publishes in, on a log scale: 1 is the same shape of research, 0 is unrelated. It ignores size. How it is measured.

Compare Afghanistan with

Compare any two

Share Afghanistan's ranking

Afghanistan on Science Explorer

A card with Afghanistan's standing and the fields it leads in, for a post or a slide. A link to this page previews as the same card.

Download the card

1200 × 630 PNG, sized for social posts, drawn from the latest snapshot.

Badges for a website1Each links back here and updates with every snapshot

Research fields in Afghanistan

Discussion

Ask a question or share a note about Afghanistan. Posts are plain text and can be reported.