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Topic · Biomaterials

Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition

Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition is a research topic within Biomaterials. Science Explorer counts 20k research works in it since 1950. 10.0% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the field of bioinspired structural materials and biomineralization, focusing on topics such as nanocomposites, crystallization, mechanical properties, hierarchical materials, calcium carbonate, nacre, and biomimetic design.

  • Biomineralization
  • Bioinspired Materials
  • Nanocomposites
  • Crystallization
  • Mechanical Properties
  • Nanoscale Structure
  • Hierarchical Materials
  • Calcium Carbonate
  • Nacre
  • Biomimetic Design
Research works
20k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.0%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+18%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
48% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition

Which countries lead Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.4k and 451 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.4k works
  2. 2 United States 451 works
  3. 3 India 197 works
  4. 4 Japan 168 works
  5. 5 Germany 158 works
  6. 6 France 157 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 140 works
  8. 8 Brazil 101 works
  9. 9 Indonesia 99 works
  10. 10 Italy 96 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 47.6%United States: 15.1%India: 6.6%Japan: 5.6%6 others listed: 25.1%48%largest
China1,425 · 47.6%United States451 · 15.1%India197 · 6.6%Japan168 · 5.6%6 others listed749 · 25.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research?

By volume in 2022-now, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique publishes the most Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 78 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 73 works
  3. 3 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 42 works
  4. 4 Central South UniversityChina 30 works
  5. 5 Chengdu University of TechnologyChina 27 works
  6. 6 Wuhan University of TechnologyChina 25 works
  7. 7 Sichuan UniversityChina 22 works
  8. 8 Zhejiang UniversityChina 20 works
  9. 9 Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)Saudi Arabia 20 works
  10. 10 Northeastern UniversityChina 18 works

Who are the leading researchers in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition include Zhong Lin Wang, Matthias Mann and George M. Whitesides.

  1. 1 Zhong Lin Wang United States 491k citations
  2. 2 Matthias Mann Germany 308k citations
  3. 3 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations
  4. 4 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  5. 5 Lei Jiang China 214k citations
  6. 6 Jiaguo Yu China 207k citations
  7. 7 Seeram Ramakrishna Singapore 186k citations
  8. 8 Markus Antonietti Germany 185k citations
  9. 9 Qiang Zhang China 184k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition?

The most cited paper in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition is "Bioinspired structural materials" (Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Hao Yu Bai, Eduardo Saiz et al., 2014), with 4,755 citations. Next come "The conflicts between strength and toughness" (4,002) and "Biosorption of Heavy Metals" (3,336).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Bioinspired structural materials Ulrike G. K. Wegst, Hao Yu Bai, Eduardo Saiz et al. · Nature Materials 26 Oct 2014 4,755
2 The conflicts between strength and toughness Robert O. Ritchie · Nature Materials 24 Oct 2011 4,002
3 Biosorption of Heavy Metals Bohumil Volesky, Z. R. Holan · Biotechnology Progress May 1995 3,336
4 Nature’s hierarchical materials Peter Fratzl, Richard Weinkamer · Progress in Materials Science Open access 23 Jun 2007 2,812
5 THE MATERIAL BONE: Structure-Mechanical Function Relations Stephen Weiner, H. Daniel Wagner · Annual Review of Materials Science Aug 1998 2,731
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research done?

The largest centres of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Wuhan (China), Chengdu (China) and Nanjing (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Dhahran.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 224 works
  2. 2 WuhanChina 86 works
  3. 3 ChengduChina 70 works
  4. 4 NanjingChina 69 works
  5. 5 Xi'anChina 60 works
  6. 6 QingdaoChina 58 works
  7. 7 ShanghaiChina 57 works
  8. 8 TokyoJapan 57 works
  9. 9 ParisFrance 56 works
  10. 10 ChangshaChina 46 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. DhahranSA · 25.8 works13×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition than the world average.

See Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition on the map

Where is the best place to study Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition?

Among universities, judged by research, Central South University, Nanyang Technological University and Wuhan University of Technology score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 24.36%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Nanyang Technologica…Kunming University o…Central South Univer…Wuhan University of …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Central South UniversityChina 78.523.8%4.2×30 +84.7%
2Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 73.029.8%3.8×11 +22.5%
3Wuhan University of TechnologyChina 70.518.8%8.4×25 +110.0%
4Kunming University of Science and TechnologyChina 70.228.0%7.6×16 +151.4%
5University of Science and Technology of ChinaChina 68.931.3%3.0×13 +36.6%
6Northeastern UniversityChina 63.522.4%5.4×18 +37.7%
7China University of Mining and TechnologyChina 62.130.6%3.6×11 +149.8%
8University of AlbertaCanada 61.524.0%3.4×11 +35.8%
9Zhejiang UniversityChina 60.619.6%2.0×20 +9.7%
10King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsSaudi Arabia 59.515.3%11.0×14 +35.2%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition, country by country

Is Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 18% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.014% in 2024.

still counting0.020%0.040%Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition0.019% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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