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Topic · Economics and Econometrics

Economic Sanctions and International Relations

Economic Sanctions and International Relations is a research topic within Economics and Econometrics. Science Explorer counts 9.2k research works in it since 1950. 20.2% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers explores the impact of international economic sanctions on targeted countries, including their effects on human rights, trade, health, and the political economy. It examines the use of coercive diplomacy, the effectiveness of targeted sanctions, and the consequences for authoritarian regimes and global trade. Additionally, it delves into the ethical aspects and unintended consequences of economic sanctions.

  • Economic Sanctions
  • Coercive Diplomacy
  • International Relations
  • Human Rights
  • Targeted Sanctions
  • Global Trade
  • Authoritarian Regimes
  • Health Impact
  • Sanction Effectiveness
  • Political Economy
Research works
9.2k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
1.9k
per year above
Top-10% rate
20.2%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2013–17 → 2018–22
+135%
the tick is no change

Which countries lead Economic Sanctions and International Relations research?

By volume, Russia and the United States publish the most (709 and 452 works in 2022–2025).

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Russia 709 works
  2. 2 United States 452 works
  3. 3 Ukraine 176 works
  4. 4 United Kingdom 171 works
  5. 5 China 135 works
  6. 6 Iraq 122 works
  7. 7 Türkiye 114 works
  8. 8 Germany 111 works
  9. 9 Iran 87 works
  10. 10 India 85 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

Russia: 32.8%United States: 20.9%Ukraine: 8.1%United Kingdom: 7.9%6 others listed: 30.2%33%largest
Russia709 · 32.8%United States452 · 20.9%Ukraine176 · 8.1%United Kingdom171 · 7.9%6 others listed653 · 30.2%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Economic Sanctions and International Relations research?

By volume in 2022–2025, Moscow State Institute of International Relations publishes the most Economic Sanctions and International Relations research, followed by National Research University Higher School of Economics and Financial University.

By volume, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussia 47 works
  2. 2 National Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussia 39 works
  3. 3 Financial UniversityRussia 33 works
  4. 4 Institute of World Economy and International RelationsRussia 30 works
  5. 5 Peoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussia 23 works
  6. 6 Human Growth FoundationUnited States 20 works
  7. 7 Weatherford CollegeUnited States 19 works
  8. 8 Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 19 works
  9. 9 Yerevan State UniversityArmenia 17 works
  10. 10 Institute of Oriental StudiesRussia 17 works

Who are the leading researchers in Economic Sanctions and International Relations?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Economic Sanctions and International Relations include G. John Ikenberry and C. Michael Hall.

  1. 1 G. John Ikenberry United States 3k citations
  2. 2 C. Michael Hall New Zealand 2.2k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

Where is Economic Sanctions and International Relations research done?

The largest centres of Economic Sanctions and International Relations research in 2022–2025 are Moscow (Russia), Baku (Azerbaijan), Kyiv (Ukraine) and London (United Kingdom). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Yerevan, Tbilisi and Baku.

Largest cities, 2022–2025

  1. 1 Moscow Russia 416 works
  2. 2 Baku Azerbaijan 65 works
  3. 3 Kyiv Ukraine 64 works
  4. 4 London United Kingdom 52 works
  5. 5 Saint Petersburg Russia 52 works
  6. 6 Yerevan Armenia 51 works
  7. 7 Tehran Iran 49 works
  8. 8 Washington D.C. United States 44 works
  9. 9 Tbilisi Georgia 36 works
  10. 10 Beijing China 36 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. YerevanAM · 51.0 works33×
  2. TbilisiGE · 36.4 works26×
  3. BakuAZ · 65.1 works25×
  4. ErbilIQ · 30.4 works21×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Economic Sanctions and International Relations than the world average.

See Economic Sanctions and International Relations on the map

Where is the best place to study Economic Sanctions and International Relations?

Among universities, judged by research, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, National Research University Higher School of Economics and Peoples' Friendship University of Russia score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 16.93%fractional works in this node (log) →share in the world top 10% →Moscow State Institute of International Relations: 47, 19.3%National Research University Higher School of Economics: 39, 31.8%Peoples' Friendship University of Russia: 23, 13.8%Financial University: 32, 19.1%St Petersburg University: 14, 18.1%Al-Farabi Kazakh National University: 9, 14.7%Moscow State University: 13, 10.7%Lomonosov Moscow State University: 19, 11.7%Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv: 9, 13.3%Plekhanov Russian University of Economics: 16, 16.8%National Research Un…Moscow State Institu…Financial UniversityPeoples' Friendship …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the table below. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1 Moscow State Institute of International RelationsRussia 72.719.3%79.2×47 +223.2%
2 National Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussia 69.931.8%27.9×39 +39.4%
3 Peoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussia 62.113.8%21.4×23 +195.3%
4 Financial UniversityRussia 59.319.1%42.3×32 —
5 St Petersburg UniversityRussia 53.518.1%8.4×14 +466.7%
6 Al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityKazakhstan 53.214.7%14.2×9 +271.4%
7 Moscow State UniversityTajikistan 52.510.7%13.8×13 —
8 Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityRussia 50.011.7%6.6×19 +369.2%
9 Taras Shevchenko National University of KyivUkraine 49.913.3%9.7×9 +373.7%
10 Plekhanov Russian University of EconomicsRussia 49.716.8%36.0×16 —

Universities only. Score blends excellence (30%), specialisation (25%), size (20%), growth (15%) and international reach (10%), 2015–2022; growth compares 2010–14 with 2015–19.

Is Economic Sanctions and International Relations research growing?

Output in 2018–2022 was 135% higher than in 2013–2017, peaking in 2023. The fastest-growing topics are Economic Sanctions and International Relations.

19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon — one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.