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Topic · Cell Biology

Hemoglobin structure and function

Hemoglobin structure and function is a research topic within Cell Biology. Science Explorer counts 32k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the function, regulation, and physiological impact of hemoglobin and related proteins in vertebrates. It covers topics such as scavenger receptor CD163 expression, neuroglobin and myoglobin function, haptoglobin phenotype, nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, and the role of flavohemoglobins in detoxifying nitric oxide. The papers also discuss the use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers and their potential impact on cardiovascular disease.

  • Hemoglobin
  • Scavenger Receptor
  • Globin Family
  • Oxygen Carriers
  • Neuroglobin
  • CD163 Expression
  • Myoglobin Function
  • Haptoglobin Phenotype
  • Nitric Oxide Dioxygenase
  • Flavohemoglobin
Research works
32k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
3.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-4%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
United States
38% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Hemoglobin structure and function

Which countries lead Hemoglobin structure and function research?

By volume, the United States and China publish the most (581 and 312 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 United States 581 works
  2. 2 China 312 works
  3. 3 Japan 121 works
  4. 4 India 104 works
  5. 5 Germany 95 works
  6. 6 Italy 73 works
  7. 7 Russia 67 works
  8. 8 United Kingdom 59 works
  9. 9 France 59 works
  10. 10 Canada 40 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

United States: 38.5%China: 20.7%Japan: 8.0%India: 6.9%6 others listed: 26.0%38%largest
United States581 · 38.5%China312 · 20.7%Japan121 · 8.0%India104 · 6.9%6 others listed392 · 26.0%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Hemoglobin structure and function research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most Hemoglobin structure and function research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and The Ohio State University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 29 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 17 works
  3. 3 The Ohio State UniversityUnited States 16 works
  4. 4 Harvard UniversityUnited States 13 works
  5. 5 University of California San DiegoUnited States 13 works
  6. 6 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 12 works
  7. 7 University of Maryland, BaltimoreUnited States 11 works
  8. 8 National Institutes of HealthUnited States 11 works
  9. 9 University of PittsburghUnited States 10 works
  10. 10 Vanderbilt UniversityUnited States 9 works

Who are the leading researchers in Hemoglobin structure and function?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Hemoglobin structure and function include George Davey Smith, Jun Wang and Giuseppe Remuzzi.

  1. 1 George Davey Smith United Kingdom 435k citations
  2. 2 Jun Wang China 340k citations
  3. 3 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  4. 4 Róbert Langer United States 303k citations
  5. 5 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations
  6. 6 Jean‐Louis Vincent Belgium 262k citations
  7. 7 Ben Zhong Tang China 261k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Hemoglobin structure and function?

The most cited paper in Hemoglobin structure and function is "The Carbon Monoxide-binding Pigment of Liver Microsomes" (Tsuneo Omura, Ryo Sato, 1964), with 11,871 citations. Next come "A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs." (6,800) and "Interaction Models for Water in Relation to Protein Hydration" (5,704).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 The Carbon Monoxide-binding Pigment of Liver Microsomes Tsuneo Omura, Ryo Sato · Journal of Biological Chemistry Open access Jul 1964 11,871
2 A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Yasuhiro Matsumura, Hiroshi Maeda · PubMed Dec 1986 6,800
3 Interaction Models for Water in Relation to Protein Hydration Herman J. C. Berendsen, J. Postma, W. F. van Gunsteren et al. · Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry Book chapter 1981 5,704
4 Hydrodynamics of soft active matter Maria Cristina Marchetti, Jean‐François Joanny, Sriraṁ Ramaswamy et al. · Reviews of Modern Physics 19 Jul 2013 4,254
5 Atomic structure and chemistry of human serum albumin Xiao He, Daniel C. Carter · Nature 16 Jul 1992 3,831
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Hemoglobin structure and function research done?

The largest centres of Hemoglobin structure and function research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Moscow (Russia), Tokyo (Japan) and Paris (France). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Baltimore.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 50 works
  2. 2 MoscowRussia 34 works
  3. 3 TokyoJapan 30 works
  4. 4 ParisFrance 24 works
  5. 5 BaltimoreUnited States 20 works
  6. 6 San DiegoUnited States 19 works
  7. 7 ShanghaiChina 18 works
  8. 8 AtlantaUnited States 17 works
  9. 9 ColumbusUnited States 16 works
  10. 10 RomeItaly 16 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. BaltimoreUS · 20.3 works4.3×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Hemoglobin structure and function than the world average.

See Hemoglobin structure and function on the map

Where is the best place to study Hemoglobin structure and function?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, The Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%mean 10.3%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Harvard UniversityVanderbilt UniversityThe Ohio State Unive…University of Califo…
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 70.216.9%2.4×13 -18.3%
2The Ohio State UniversityUnited States 47.78.9%7.5×16 +6.9%
3Vanderbilt UniversityUnited States 46.614.9%7.2×9 +15.2%
4University of California San DiegoUnited States 41.22.4%7.5×13 +31.9%
5University of California, Los AngelesUnited States 38.811.8%4.4×9 +87.1%
6University of Maryland, BaltimoreUnited States 37.710.4%18.2×11 +53.3%
7University of PittsburghUnited States 34.46.8%7.4×10 -13.3%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Hemoglobin structure and function, country by country

Is Hemoglobin structure and function research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 4% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2009.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Hemoglobin structure and function as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0071% in 2024.

still counting0.10%0.20%Hemoglobin structure and function0.0080% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Hemoglobin structure and function over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Hemoglobin structure and function10.3% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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