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Topic · Biomedical Engineering

Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes

Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes is a research topic within Biomedical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 7.2k research works in it since 1952. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the use of supercritical water for the gasification of biomass and organic wastes to produce hydrogen. It explores catalytic and non-catalytic reactions, reaction kinetics, and the potential for renewable energy production and waste treatment.

  • Supercritical Water
  • Gasification
  • Hydrogen Production
  • Biomass
  • Catalytic
  • High-Temperature Water
  • Renewable Energy
  • Reaction Kinetics
  • Waste Treatment
  • Chemical Processing
Research works
7.2k
fractional, since 1952
In the world top 10%
727
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+25%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
57% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes

Which countries lead Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research?

By volume, China and India publish the most (840 and 140 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 840 works
  2. 2 India 140 works
  3. 3 United States 118 works
  4. 4 Russia 86 works
  5. 5 Canada 65 works
  6. 6 Japan 58 works
  7. 7 Iran 46 works
  8. 8 Germany 45 works
  9. 9 France 42 works
  10. 10 Brazil 42 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 56.6%India: 9.5%United States: 8.0%Russia: 5.8%6 others listed: 20.1%57%largest
China840 · 56.6%India140 · 9.5%United States118 · 8.0%Russia86 · 5.8%6 others listed299 · 20.1%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research?

By volume in 2022-now, Xi'an Jiaotong University publishes the most Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research, followed by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Sciences.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 129 works
  2. 2 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 37 works
  3. 3 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 34 works
  4. 4 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 21 works
  5. 5 Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 18 works
  6. 6 Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 16 works
  7. 7 North China Electric Power UniversityChina 15 works
  8. 8 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 14 works
  9. 9 Tsinghua UniversityChina 13 works
  10. 10 Southeast UniversityChina 13 works

Who are the leading researchers in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes include Kai You Wang, Guangming Zeng and Markus Antonietti.

  1. 1 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  2. 2 Guangming Zeng China 204k citations
  3. 3 Markus Antonietti Germany 185k citations
  4. 4 Qiang Zhang China 184k citations
  5. 5 Kwok‐Yung Yuen China 168k citations
  6. 6 Zhanhu Guo United States 148k citations
  7. 7 Nicholas John White Thailand 138k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes?

The most cited paper in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes is "Hydrogen production from renewable and sustainable energy resources: Promising green energy carrier for clean development" (Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, Mazlan Abdul Wahid, 2016), with 2,484 citations. Next come "Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies" (2,122) and "Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering" (1,991).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Hydrogen production from renewable and sustainable energy resources: Promising green energy carrier for clean development Seyed Ehsan Hosseini, Mazlan Abdul Wahid · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 7 Jan 2016 2,484
2 Thermochemical biofuel production in hydrothermal media: A review of sub- and supercritical water technologies Andrew A. Peterson, Frédéric Vogel, Russell P. Lachance et al. · Energy & Environmental Science Open access 2008 2,122
3 Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: A summary and discussion of chemical mechanisms for process engineering Axel Funke, Felix Ziegler · Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining Mar 2010 1,991
4 Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: A review of subcritical water technologies Saqib Sohail Toor, Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, Andreas Rudolf · Energy 15 Apr 2011 1,831
5 A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications Harpreet Singh Kambo, Animesh Dutta · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 Feb 2015 1,742
All 100 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research done?

The largest centres of Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research in 2022-now are Xi'an (China), Beijing (China), Nanjing (China) and Shanghai (China). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Xi'an.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 Xi'anChina 164 works
  2. 2 BeijingChina 135 works
  3. 3 NanjingChina 44 works
  4. 4 ShanghaiChina 40 works
  5. 5 WuhanChina 27 works
  6. 6 HarbinChina 26 works
  7. 7 ChengduChina 24 works
  8. 8 MoscowRussia 23 works
  9. 9 HangzhouChina 22 works
  10. 10 QingdaoChina 20 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. Xi'anCN · 163.8 works10×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes than the world average.

See Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes on the map

Where is the best place to study Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Saskatchewan, Xi'an Jiaotong University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%10%20%30%mean 12.39%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of Saskat…Huazhong University …Xi'an Jiaotong Unive…Southeast University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of SaskatchewanCanada 69.926.4%16.0×9 +54.4%
2Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 66.610.4%41.7×130 +46.6%
3Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyChina 49.116.8%4.9×16 +83.7%
4Southeast UniversityChina 41.59.3%4.9×13 +85.8%
5University of AlbertaCanada 40.78.3%6.3×10 +64.5%
6Harbin Institute of TechnologyChina 40.511.2%6.2×18 +261.7%
7China University of Petroleum, East ChinaChina 33.18.6%11.9×10 +366.1%
8Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 31.714.5%2.8×14 +1.1%
9North China Electric Power UniversityChina 30.210.2%12.6×15 -14.1%
10East China University of Science and TechnologyChina 27.68.2%9.4×8 +53.0%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes, country by country

Is Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 25% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2026. The fastest-growing topics are Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.0059% in 2024.

still counting0.0050%0.010%Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes0.0089% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes10.1% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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