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Topic · Biomedical Engineering

3D Printing in Biomedical Research

3D Printing in Biomedical Research is a research topic within Biomedical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 50k research works in it since 1950. 9.9% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the advancements in 3D bioprinting technology, including topics such as tissue engineering, microfluidic devices, bioinks, organ-on-a-chip systems, vascularization, hydrogels, cell culture, scaffold fabrication, and regenerative medicine.

  • Bioprinting
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Microfluidic Devices
  • Bioinks
  • Organ-on-a-Chip
  • Vascularization
  • Hydrogels
  • Cell Culture
  • Scaffold Fabrication
  • Regenerative Medicine
Research works
50k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5k
per year above
Top-10% rate
9.9%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
+23%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
29% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
3D Printing in Biomedical Research

Which countries lead 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (3k and 2.7k works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 3k works
  2. 2 United States 2.7k works
  3. 3 India 1.1k works
  4. 4 Germany 705 works
  5. 5 Japan 597 works
  6. 6 South Korea 566 works
  7. 7 United Kingdom 537 works
  8. 8 Italy 457 works
  9. 9 France 394 works
  10. 10 Canada 322 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 29.1%United States: 25.9%India: 10.4%Germany: 6.8%6 others listed: 27.8%29%largest
China3,016 · 29.1%United States2,681 · 25.9%India1,075 · 10.4%Germany705 · 6.8%6 others listed2,874 · 27.8%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research?

By volume in 2022-now, Chinese Academy of Sciences publishes the most 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research, followed by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Harvard University.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 153 works
  2. 2 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 145 works
  3. 3 Harvard UniversityUnited States 109 works
  4. 4 Sichuan UniversityChina 98 works
  5. 5 Zhejiang UniversityChina 93 works
  6. 6 Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 92 works
  7. 7 Tsinghua UniversityChina 67 works
  8. 8 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 59 works
  9. 9 Stanford UniversityUnited States 52 works
  10. 10 University College LondonUnited Kingdom 51 works

Who are the leading researchers in 3D Printing in Biomedical Research?

The most-cited researchers publishing on 3D Printing in Biomedical Research include Zhong Lin Wang, Guido Kroemer and Bert Vogelstein.

  1. 1 Zhong Lin Wang United States 491k citations
  2. 2 Guido Kroemer France 386k citations
  3. 3 Bert Vogelstein United States 373k citations
  4. 4 Cyrus Cooper United Kingdom 342k citations
  5. 5 Giuseppe Remuzzi Italy 328k citations
  6. 6 Róbert Langer United States 303k citations
  7. 7 Todd R. Golub United States 283k citations
  8. 8 George M. Whitesides United States 267k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in 3D Printing in Biomedical Research?

The most cited paper in 3D Printing in Biomedical Research is "A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties." (Grzegorz Grynkiewicz, Martin Poenie, Roger Y. Tsien, 1985), with 21,798 citations. Next come "Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification" (13,994) and "New Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer-Drug Screening" (9,830).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. Grzegorz Grynkiewicz, Martin Poenie, Roger Y. Tsien · Journal of Biological Chemistry Open access Mar 1985 21,798
2 Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification Adam Jeffrey Engler, Shamik Sen, Hugh Lee Sweeney et al. · Cell Open access Aug 2006 13,994
3 New Colorimetric Cytotoxicity Assay for Anticancer-Drug Screening Philip Skehan, Ritsa Storeng, Dominic A. Scudiero et al. · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 4 Jul 1990 9,830
4 Tissue Engineering Róbert Langer, Joseph P. Vacanti · Science 14 May 1993 9,666
5 Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges Tuan Ngo, Alireza Hosseinzadeh Kashani, Gabriele Imbalzano et al. · Composites Part B Engineering Open access 13 Feb 2018 8,400
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research done?

The largest centres of 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Shanghai (China), Seoul (South Korea) and Tokyo (Japan). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Pohang, Chuncheon and Enschede.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 462 works
  2. 2 ShanghaiChina 301 works
  3. 3 SeoulSouth Korea 236 works
  4. 4 TokyoJapan 216 works
  5. 5 TehranIran 183 works
  6. 6 HangzhouChina 178 works
  7. 7 GuangzhouChina 169 works
  8. 8 LondonUnited Kingdom 154 works
  9. 9 NanjingChina 153 works
  10. 10 ParisFrance 151 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. PohangKR · 26.7 works7.3×
  2. ChuncheonKR · 28.1 works7.2×
  3. EnschedeNL · 31.7 works6.7×
  4. BragaPT · 35.0 works6.2×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in 3D Printing in Biomedical Research than the world average.

See 3D Printing in Biomedical Research on the map

Where is the best place to study 3D Printing in Biomedical Research?

Among universities, judged by research, Harvard University, Sichuan University and Shanghai Jiao Tong University score highest, combining excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%mean 19.14%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →Sichuan UniversityShanghai Jiao Tong U…Harvard UniversityZhejiang University
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1Harvard UniversityUnited States 75.918.4%2.8×110 -5.4%
2Sichuan UniversityChina 73.519.7%3.5×98 +115.0%
3Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina 70.119.1%2.6×92 +68.5%
4Zhejiang UniversityChina 68.716.1%2.8×93 +37.7%
5Yeungnam UniversitySouth Korea 66.930.8%4.1×12 +164.7%
6ETH ZurichSwitzerland 66.816.5%5.4×47 +22.9%
7National University of SingaporeSingapore 65.016.5%3.1×45 +22.2%
8Southeast UniversityChina 62.520.0%2.2×40 +36.0%
9Utrecht UniversityNetherlands 61.114.7%3.3×30 +8.3%
10Fudan UniversityChina 60.519.6%1.8×34 +71.6%

Universities only. The score blends excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in 3D Printing in Biomedical Research, country by country

Is 3D Printing in Biomedical Research research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 23% higher than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2025. The fastest-growing topics are 3D Printing in Biomedical Research.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is 3D Printing in Biomedical Research as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.061% in 2024.

still counting0.025%0.050%0.075%3D Printing in Biomedical Research0.063% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of 3D Printing in Biomedical Research over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%3D Printing in Biomedical Research9.8% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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