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Topic · Biomedical Engineering

Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics

Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics is a research topic within Biomedical Engineering. Science Explorer counts 52k research works in it since 1950. 10.1% of them reached the world's top 10% most cited for their field and year.

This cluster of papers focuses on the use of supercritical fluids for extraction, processing, and thermodynamic property prediction. It covers topics such as equation of state modeling, phase equilibrium determination, polymer synthesis, nanoparticle generation, and the application of green solvents.

  • Supercritical Fluids
  • Extraction
  • Equation of State
  • Thermodynamic Properties
  • Monte Carlo Simulation
  • Perturbed-Chain SAFT
  • Phase Equilibrium
  • Polymer Synthesis
  • Nanoparticles
  • Green Solvents
Research works
52k
fractional, since 1950
In the world top 10%
5.2k
per year above
Top-10% rate
10.1%
share of its works in the world top 10%
Growth, 2018-21 → 2022-25
-5%
the tick is no change
Largest producer
China
35% of the 10 largest, 2022-now
Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics

Which countries lead Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research?

By volume, China and the United States publish the most (1.3k and 603 works in 2022-now).

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 China 1.3k works
  2. 2 United States 603 works
  3. 3 India 336 works
  4. 4 Russia 321 works
  5. 5 Germany 289 works
  6. 6 Iran 242 works
  7. 7 France 225 works
  8. 8 Japan 194 works
  9. 9 United Kingdom 185 works
  10. 10 Italy 145 works

How concentrated that is

The same countries as shares of everything the list above accounts for. A node where two countries do two thirds of the work and one spread evenly across twelve read alike as a ranking and not at all alike here.

China: 34.6%United States: 15.5%India: 8.6%Russia: 8.3%6 others listed: 32.9%35%largest
China1,346 · 34.6%United States603 · 15.5%India336 · 8.6%Russia321 · 8.3%6 others listed1,280 · 32.9%

Shares of the rows listed above, not of the whole node.

Which institutions lead Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research?

By volume in 2022-now, Russian Academy of Sciences publishes the most Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research, followed by Xi'an Jiaotong University and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

By volume, 2022-now

  1. 1 Russian Academy of SciencesRussia 140 works
  2. 2 Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 95 works
  3. 3 Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueFrance 93 works
  4. 4 Chinese Academy of SciencesChina 67 works
  5. 5 China University of Petroleum, East ChinaChina 39 works
  6. 6 Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom 35 works
  7. 7 Tianjin UniversityChina 30 works
  8. 8 Tsinghua UniversityChina 29 works
  9. 9 Helmholtz Association of German Research CentresGermany 28 works
  10. 10 China University of Petroleum, BeijingChina 26 works

Who are the leading researchers in Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics?

The most-cited researchers publishing on Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics include Georg Kresse, Kieron Burke and Wei Huang.

  1. 1 Georg Kresse Austria 431k citations
  2. 2 Kieron Burke United States 276k citations
  3. 3 Wei Huang China 267k citations
  4. 4 Jens K. Nørskov Denmark 260k citations
  5. 5 Omar M. Yaghi United States 254k citations
  6. 6 Donald G. Truhlar United States 230k citations
  7. 7 Takashi Taniguchi Japan 227k citations
  8. 8 Stefan Grimme Germany 224k citations
  9. 9 Kai You Wang China 224k citations
  10. 10 Jiaguo Yu China 207k citations

Ranked by citations received across their whole record, among researchers with at least three works on this topic.

What are the most cited papers in Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics?

The most cited paper in Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics is "Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water" (William L. Jorgensen, Jayaraman Chandrasekhar, Jeffry D. Madura et al., 1983), with 42,894 citations. Next come "Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines" (37,517) and "Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath" (31,502).

Most cited papers
#PaperReleasedCitations
1 Comparison of simple potential functions for simulating liquid water William L. Jorgensen, Jayaraman Chandrasekhar, Jeffry D. Madura et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics 15 Jul 1983 42,894
2 Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines N. Metropolis, Arianna W. Rosenbluth, M. N. Rosenbluth et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics Jun 1953 37,517
3 Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath Herman J. C. Berendsen, Johan P. M. Postma, Wilfred F. van Gunsteren et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics Open access 15 Oct 1984 31,502
4 A smooth particle mesh Ewald method Ulrich Essmann, L. Perera, Max L. Berkowitz et al. · The Journal of Chemical Physics 15 Nov 1995 23,377
5 Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report) Matthias Thommes, Katsumi Kaneko, Alexander V. Neimark et al. · Pure and Applied Chemistry 2 Jul 2015 20,886
All 99 most cited papers, with filters and sorting

Where is Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research done?

The largest centres of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research in 2022-now are Beijing (China), Xi'an (China), Moscow (Russia) and Tehran (Iran). Among places with at least 20 works in it, it is an unusually large share of all research in Gaithersburg.

Largest cities, 2022-now

  1. 1 BeijingChina 292 works
  2. 2 Xi'anChina 120 works
  3. 3 MoscowRussia 117 works
  4. 4 TehranIran 85 works
  5. 5 QingdaoChina 81 works
  6. 6 ParisFrance 77 works
  7. 7 ShanghaiChina 70 works
  8. 8 LondonUnited Kingdom 68 works
  9. 9 TianjinChina 57 works
  10. 10 HangzhouChina 57 works

Where it is the local speciality

  1. GaithersburgUS · 23.3 works21×
← less than its size predicts1×more →

Location quotient: how much more of its research is in Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics than the world average.

See Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics on the map

Where is the best place to study Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics?

Among universities, judged by research, University of Kashan, Xi'an Jiaotong University and Imperial College London score highest, combining citation excellence, specialisation, size, growth and international reach. Research strength is one signal when choosing where to study; it does not measure teaching.

0%20%40%60%mean 20.84%fractional works in this field (log) →share of work in the world top 10% →University of KashanXi'an Jiaotong Unive…Imperial College Lon…China University of …
above the meannear itbelow it

One dot per university in the first ten of the table below, at the default weights. The upper left is the interesting corner: small places doing unusually strong work.

Citation excellenceshare of its work in the world top 10%, 2022-now and all time averaged
40%
Specialisationhow much of its work is in this field, counted up to 10× the world share
10%
Sizeits output in this field, on a log scale
30%
Growthoutput growth, counted from -20% to +20%
10%
Internationalshare of its work with a co-author abroad
10%
Each slider sets a weight; the share it gets of the score is beside it.
#UniversityScoreTop 10%SpecialisationWorksGrowth
1University of KashanIran 67.948.7%37.5×12 +28.5%
2Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityChina 64.215.2%11.2×95 +18.1%
3Imperial College LondonUnited Kingdom 56.012.8%7.1×35 +11.6%
4China University of Petroleum, East ChinaChina 51.910.4%17.2×39 +45.4%
5Universitat Jaume ISpain 49.422.5%11.6×9 +52.9%
6ETH ZurichSwitzerland 49.322.5%3.7×12 +50.2%
7Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyChina 49.217.5%14.7×26 +56.4%
8North China Electric Power UniversityChina 49.019.3%7.9×26 +30.8%
9Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNorway 48.912.1%9.2×26 -3.8%
10Iran University of Science and TechnologyIran 47.827.4%15.8×21 +2.2%

Universities only. The score blends citation excellence (40%), size (30%), specialisation (10%), growth (10%), international reach (10%), 2022-now; growth compares 2018-21 with 2022-25 and counts up to +20%, since a jump from a small base is mostly noise.

Every institution in Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics, country by country

Is Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics research growing?

Output in 2022-2025 was 5% lower than in 2018-2021, peaking in 2007.

still counting19801990200020102020
grewheldshrank

The same series as a ribbon: one cell per year, darker for more. The line above answers how much; this answers when.

Its share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share: all of science grows. This is Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics as a percentage of every work published that year, 0.024% in 2024.

still counting0.050%0.10%0.15%Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics0.022% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works of Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

Year by year.

still counting5%10%15%Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics9.9% in 2025200020102020

Of each year's works in it, the share that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. A field is the world for its own topics, so there is no other line to hold it against.

Which topics inside it are moving

Growth and decline on one axis around a shared zero. Two lists side by side hide the thing that matters: whether the growth dwarfs the decline, or the other way round.

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