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Brunei vs Zambia

On research quality in 2022-now, Zambia ranks #81 in the world and Brunei #83, of 189 countries. Brunei stands higher in 5 of the 10 fields both publish in, Zambia in 5.

Research profiles alike: 0.27somewhat alike shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Brunei

World rank, 2022-now
#83
#95 all time
Works, 2022-now
3.8k
fractional
Top-10% rate
14.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
45%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Research and Theory, Accounting, Linguistics and Language.

Zambia

World rank, 2022-now
#81
#70 all time
Works, 2022-now
6.6k
fractional
Top-10% rate
5.9%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
71%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Insect Science, Aquatic Science, Business and International Management.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Zambia leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, output, open access, international co-authorship and growth. Brunei leads on 3 of 9 measures: excellence for its fields, top-10% rate and citations per work. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Brunei 31 level5 Zambia
  1. #83Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#81
  2. 1.11×Excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.80×
  3. 3.8kOutputfractional works, 2022-now6.6k
  4. 14.2%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited5.9%
  5. 13.0Citations per workall time, per fractional work9.8
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 45%Open accessof its works free to read, all time71%
  8. 40%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time44%
  9. +69%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+97%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Brunei stands higher in 5 of 10 fields, Zambia in 5. Brunei leads most in Computer Science (#77 against #110); Zambia leads most in Medicine (#66 against #112). Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Brunei 55 Zambia
  1. -Agricultural and Biological Sciences#77
  2. -Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#67
  3. #71Business, Management and Accounting#86
  4. #77Computer Science#110
  5. -Economics, Econometrics and Finance#76
  6. #71Engineering#103
  7. #76Environmental Science#83
  8. -Health Professions#74
  9. #112Medicine#66
  10. #73Social Sciences#98

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Brunei rankZambia rank Brunei top 10%Zambia top 10% Brunei worksZambia works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences - #77 - 4.0% - 1.1k
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - #67 - 3.8% - 410
Business, Management and Accounting #71 #86 17.2% 5.1% 284 530
Computer Science #77 #110 17.5% 6.5% 318 236
Economics, Econometrics and Finance - #76 - 4.8% - 329
Engineering #71 #103 12.1% 6.2% 480 331
Environmental Science #76 #83 12.8% 5.8% 263 480
Health Professions - #74 - 6.5% - 262
Medicine #112 #66 9.5% 7.2% 276 1.2k
Social Sciences #73 #98 16.0% 7.4% 930 887

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Brunei

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Globalization232▲ 2.8×78 topics
  2. Machine Learning189▲ 1.36×81 topics
  3. Sustainability185▲ 1.81×81 topics
  4. Environmental Impact130▲ 1.82×53 topics
  5. Islamic Banking122▲ 7.8×3 topics
  6. Corporate Governance118▲ 3.9×22 topics
  7. Supply Chain Management118▲ 3.1×22 topics
  8. Curriculum Development114▲ 4.0×13 topics
  9. Consumer Behavior112▲ 4.3×15 topics
  10. Education111▲ 1.55×66 topics
  11. Islamic Education108▲ 7.8×4 topics
  12. Teacher Training107▲ 4.2×10 topics
  13. Risk Management105▲ 5.2×13 topics
  14. Educational Technology103▲ 2.1×29 topics
  15. Social Media98▲ 1.70×28 topics
  16. Economic Development96▲ 2.9×33 topics
  17. Finance92▲ 12×4 topics
  18. Financial Stability91▲ 11×4 topics
  19. Human Rights88▲ 2.0×48 topics
  20. Ethnicity87▲ 5.6×13 topics
  21. Global Financial Crisis87▲ 16×3 topics
  22. Performance Analysis86▲ 10×4 topics
  23. Ethical Identity85▲ 18×1 topic
  24. Shariah Supervision85▲ 18×1 topic
  25. Pedagogy85▲ 4.0×12 topics
  26. Social Capital77▲ 3.5×17 topics
  27. Religious Education75▲ 11×4 topics
  28. Indonesia73▲ 4.0×5 topics
  29. Gender Equality70▲ 5.9×11 topics
  30. Cultural Identity68▲ 3.3×13 topics
  31. Madrasa67▲ 23×1 topic
  32. Muslim Students67▲ 23×1 topic
  33. Food Safety65▲ 5.5×12 topics
  34. Tourist Satisfaction65▲ 15×2 topics
  35. Religiosity60▲ 31×2 topics
  36. Decentralization60▲ 6.9×4 topics
  37. Halal Products58▲ 44×1 topic
  38. Halal Tourism58▲ 44×1 topic
  39. Corruption51▲ 7.8×7 topics
  40. Civil Society51▲ 11×5 topics

Zambia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology502▲ 1.57×133 topics
  2. Biodiversity393▲ 6.4×34 topics
  3. Sustainability366▲ 1.86×95 topics
  4. Climate Change347▲ 1.59×107 topics
  5. Phylogeny319▲ 24×16 topics
  6. Invasive Species310▲ 9.1×21 topics
  7. DNA Barcoding306▲ 22×9 topics
  8. Conservation299▲ 8.7×21 topics
  9. Taxonomy294▲ 25×13 topics
  10. Evolution291▲ 14×15 topics
  11. Environmental Impact277▲ 2.0×59 topics
  12. Biological Control267▲ 22×9 topics
  13. Cryptic Species240▲ 117×2 topics
  14. Lepidoptera238▲ 156×1 topic
  15. Molecular Phylogenetics238▲ 156×1 topic
  16. Host Specificity220▲ 24×5 topics
  17. Ecological Impact202▲ 48×3 topics
  18. Pest Management200▲ 30×5 topics
  19. Sustainable Energy198▲ 13×4 topics
  20. Social Capital197▲ 4.7×20 topics
  21. Economic Assessment191▲ 87×2 topics
  22. Environmental Challenge191▲ 193×1 topic
  23. Water Hyacinth191▲ 193×1 topic
  24. Economic Growth179▲ 2.7×31 topics
  25. Economic Development171▲ 2.7×40 topics
  26. Food Security166▲ 3.8×21 topics
  27. Poverty Reduction159▲ 15×6 topics
  28. Pheromones142▲ 33×3 topics
  29. Genetic Diversity140▲ 4.0×21 topics
  30. Chemical Ecology139▲ 182×1 topic
  31. Odor Source Localization139▲ 182×1 topic
  32. Antiretroviral Therapy136▲ 10×6 topics
  33. Maternal Mortality132▲ 7.3×5 topics
  34. Vaccine132▲ 4.1×11 topics
  35. Community Health Workers121▲ 17×2 topics
  36. Health Inequalities114▲ 12×5 topics
  37. Socio-economic Factors111▲ 12×3 topics
  38. Child Mortality109▲ 19×1 topic
  39. Health Systems109▲ 19×1 topic
  40. Morphology106▲ 7.4×9 topics

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Zambia has out-published Brunei every year since 1980.

still counting1k2k3kZambia1,889 in 2025Brunei1,087 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.020%0.040%0.060%Zambia0.032% in 2025Brunei0.018% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Brunei14.0% in 2025Zambia7.0% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Brunei 05 level0 Zambia
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Brunei or Zambia?

Zambia publishes 1.8× as much research as Brunei in 2022-now (6.6k against 3.8k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Brunei or Zambia?

14.2% of Brunei's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 5.9% for Zambia.

Is Brunei or Zambia growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +97% against 2018-21 for Zambia, and +69% for Brunei.

Which has more open access research, Brunei or Zambia?

71% of Zambia's research is free to read, against 45% of Brunei's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Brunei or Zambia?

Brunei holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Zambia 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Brunei

  1. 1Universiti Brunei Darussalam16.8% top 10% · 2.2k works
  2. 2Universiti Teknologi Brunei10.5% top 10% · 681 works
  3. 3Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University11.7% top 10% · 414 works
  4. 4Ministry of Education15.2% top 10% · 112 works
  5. 5Prime Minister's Office8.1% top 10% · 134 works
  6. 6Ministry of Health9.4% top 10% · 72 works

Zambia

  1. 1University of Zambia4.1% top 10% · 3k works
  2. 2Copperbelt University9.9% top 10% · 442 works
  3. 3University of Lusaka7.1% top 10% · 297 works
  4. 4Kwame Nkrumah University5.9% top 10% · 419 works
  5. 5University Teaching Hospital4.8% top 10% · 423 works
  6. 6Mulungushi University7.8% top 10% · 196 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Brunei

  1. 1 Rama Rao Karri #8,520 worldwide 11k citations · 318 works
  2. 2 Sok King Ong #9,311 worldwide 144k citations · 101 works
  3. 3 Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak #18,001 worldwide 23k citations · 535 works
  4. 4 M. Muzamil Naqshbandi #20,911 worldwide 3.1k citations · 75 works
  5. 5 Ferry J.W. Slik #34,574 worldwide 7.4k citations · 134 works

Zambia

  1. 1 Ramasamy Subbaiya #37,734 worldwide 6.1k citations · 110 works
  2. 2 Matthew Bates #121,851 worldwide 9.2k citations · 157 works
  3. 3 Duncan M Chanda #189,837 worldwide 4.7k citations · 83 works
  4. 4 Enock Siankwilimba #204,647 worldwide 585 citations · 58 works
  5. 5 Monde Muyoyeta #219,462 worldwide 3.4k citations · 135 works