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Ethiopia vs Papua New Guinea

On research quality in 2022-now, Ethiopia ranks #51 in the world and Papua New Guinea #125, of 189 countries. Ethiopia stands higher in 21 of the 21 fields both publish in, Papua New Guinea in 0.

Research profiles alike: 0.79very similar shapes of research, whatever their size. How it is measured

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Ethiopia

World rank, 2022-now
#51
#51 all time
Works, 2022-now
43k
fractional
Top-10% rate
13.1%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
80%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Agronomy and Crop Science, Soil Science, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

Papua New Guinea

World rank, 2022-now
#125
#125 all time
Works, 2022-now
764
fractional
Top-10% rate
7.2%
share of its work among the world's most cited
Open access
35%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Horticulture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Theoretical Computer Science.

Who leads, measure by measure?

Ethiopia leads on 5 of 9 measures: research quality, citation excellence for its fields, output, top-10% rate and open access. Papua New Guinea leads on 3 of 9 measures: citations per work, international co-authorship and growth. The two are level on institutions in the world top 100.

Ethiopia 51 level3 Papua New Guinea
  1. #51Research qualityworld rank of 189 countries, 2022-now#125
  2. 1.24×Citation excellence for its fieldsits top-10% rate against what its topics predict; 1.00× is as expected0.85×
  3. 43kOutputfractional works, 2022-now764
  4. 13.1%Top-10% rateshare of its works among the world's most cited7.2%
  5. 13.5Citations per workall time, per fractional work14.9
  6. 0World top 100institutions it holds among the world's best 1000
  7. 80%Open accessof its works free to read, all time35%
  8. 25%Internationalof its works written with co-authors abroad, all time38%
  9. +36%Growthworks in 2022-25 against 2018-21; half a bar is no change+48%

A rank is drawn as its standing: the longer the bar, the nearer the top. Anything else is drawn against the larger of the two, and two values a hair apart are called level. Quality, citation excellence and the top-10% rate are explained in the methodology.

Who leads in each field?

Ethiopia stands higher in 21 of 21 fields, Papua New Guinea in 0. Each bar is that side's standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Ethiopia 210 Papua New Guinea
  1. #40Agricultural and Biological Sciences-
  2. #89Arts and Humanities-
  3. #45Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-
  4. #66Business, Management and Accounting-
  5. #55Chemistry-
  6. #76Computer Science-
  7. #63Decision Sciences-
  8. #55Earth and Planetary Sciences-
  9. #60Economics, Econometrics and Finance-
  10. #59Energy-
  11. #60Engineering-
  12. #60Environmental Science-
  13. #36Health Professions-
  14. #37Immunology and Microbiology-
  15. #55Materials Science-
  16. #64Mathematics-
  17. #39Medicine-
  18. #29Nursing-
  19. #71Physics and Astronomy-
  20. #56Psychology-
  21. #63Social Sciences-

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022-now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

The numbers behind each field

Click a heading to sort. The side that does better in a pair of columns is shaded: a lower rank, a higher rate, more works.

Field Ethiopia rankPapua New Guinea rank Ethiopia top 10%Papua New Guinea top 10% Ethiopia worksPapua New Guinea works
Agricultural and Biological Sciences #40 - 12.1% - 7.3k -
Arts and Humanities #89 - 14.1% - 357 -
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology #45 - 11.3% - 1.6k -
Business, Management and Accounting #66 - 16.5% - 999 -
Chemistry #55 - 13.0% - 373 -
Computer Science #76 - 13.1% - 1.3k -
Decision Sciences #63 - 9.8% - 280 -
Earth and Planetary Sciences #55 - 12.8% - 336 -
Economics, Econometrics and Finance #60 - 14.7% - 916 -
Energy #59 - 9.9% - 292 -
Engineering #60 - 11.6% - 3.4k -
Environmental Science #60 - 10.8% - 4.2k -
Health Professions #36 - 20.6% - 1.7k -
Immunology and Microbiology #37 - 12.3% - 842 -
Materials Science #55 - 12.7% - 960 -
Mathematics #64 - 12.8% - 452 -
Medicine #39 - 13.2% - 11k -
Nursing #29 - 15.0% - 1.2k -
Physics and Astronomy #71 - 4.4% - 280 -
Psychology #56 - 13.8% - 975 -
Social Sciences #63 - 15.6% - 3.7k -

What is each known for?

The keywords that describe each side's research, by fractional works in 2022-now and weighted toward what it does more of than the world.

Ethiopia

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Epidemiology3,660▲ 1.85×137 topics
  2. Climate Change3,512▲ 2.6×115 topics
  3. Sustainability2,509▲ 2.1×109 topics
  4. Maternal Mortality1,469▲ 13×5 topics
  5. Sustainable Agriculture1,335▲ 8.7×17 topics
  6. Public Health1,292▲ 1.79×65 topics
  7. Child Development1,276▲ 6.3×8 topics
  8. Environmental Impact1,216▲ 1.44×69 topics
  9. Health Inequalities1,210▲ 20×5 topics
  10. Adaptation1,145▲ 7.7×14 topics
  11. Community Health Workers1,145▲ 26×2 topics
  12. Socio-economic Factors1,109▲ 20×3 topics
  13. Child Mortality1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  14. Health Systems1,108▲ 31×1 topic
  15. Genetic Diversity1,032▲ 4.8×22 topics
  16. Remote Sensing1,030▲ 1.70×39 topics
  17. Global Burden of Disease1,015▲ 8.3×4 topics
  18. Smallholder Farmers1,014▲ 9.7×6 topics
  19. Cardiovascular Disease996▲ 1.76×39 topics
  20. Land Use Change973▲ 6.6×8 topics
  21. Maternal and Child Undernutrition939▲ 23×1 topic
  22. Water Sanitation Hygiene939▲ 23×1 topic
  23. Biodiversity Conservation850▲ 4.6×17 topics
  24. Food Security826▲ 3.1×23 topics
  25. Global Burden812▲ 3.0×12 topics
  26. Drought Tolerance749▲ 11×9 topics
  27. Vaccine728▲ 3.7×11 topics
  28. Livelihoods703▲ 41×2 topics
  29. Social Networks690▲ 5.1×12 topics
  30. Rural Development682▲ 4.0×17 topics
  31. Drug Resistance655▲ 4.6×9 topics
  32. Antiretroviral Therapy617▲ 7.6×6 topics
  33. Ecological Knowledge617▲ 29×2 topics
  34. Land Management616▲ 36×2 topics
  35. Pastoralists614▲ 49×1 topic
  36. Rangeland Degradation614▲ 49×1 topic
  37. Breeding529▲ 14×5 topics
  38. Conflict524▲ 6.5×10 topics
  39. Genetic Improvement476▲ 11×4 topics
  40. Agricultural Sustainability475▲ 8.5×6 topics

Papua New Guinea

▲ more of its work than of the world's◆ about the world's share▼ less than the world's
All 40 words, with their numbers
  1. Climate Change63▲ 2.6×71 topics
  2. Sustainability62▲ 2.8×52 topics
  3. Environmental Impact50▲ 3.2×43 topics
  4. Genetic Diversity45▲ 11×19 topics
  5. Epidemiology42▲ 1.16×77 topics
  6. Machine Learning41▲ 1.35×61 topics
  7. Globalization36▲ 2.0×34 topics
  8. Vulnerability22▲ 10×7 topics
  9. Biodiversity22▲ 3.1×24 topics
  10. Sustainable Agriculture20▲ 7.2×13 topics
  11. Supply Chain Management20▲ 2.4×14 topics
  12. Economic Development19▲ 2.6×16 topics
  13. Genetics19▲ 3.0×18 topics
  14. Agriculture19▲ 5.4×10 topics
  15. Breeding18▲ 27×5 topics
  16. Drought Tolerance18▲ 15×8 topics
  17. Food Security17▲ 3.5×20 topics
  18. Nutritional Quality16▲ 25×4 topics
  19. Governance15▲ 5.2×8 topics
  20. Ethical Considerations15▲ 4.8×11 topics
  21. Decolonization15▲ 20×5 topics
  22. Smallholder Farmers14▲ 7.4×6 topics
  23. Archaeology13▲ 11×2 topics
  24. Maternal Mortality13▲ 6.4×5 topics
  25. Pest Management13▲ 17×5 topics
  26. Island Ecosystems13▲ 44×2 topics
  27. Cultural History13▲ 12×2 topics
  28. Community Health Workers12▲ 16×2 topics
  29. Health Inequalities12▲ 11×3 topics
  30. Pacific Islands12▲ 113×1 topic
  31. settlement12▲ 113×1 topic
  32. Climate Resilience12▲ 22×3 topics
  33. Marker Development12▲ 28×3 topics
  34. Pacific12▲ 70×2 topics
  35. Socio-economic Factors12▲ 12×2 topics
  36. Islands12▲ 117×1 topic
  37. Small States12▲ 117×1 topic
  38. Essential Oils12▲ 12×3 topics
  39. Child Mortality12▲ 18×1 topic
  40. Health Systems12▲ 18×1 topic

Size is fractional works in the topics tagged with each word; colour is the word's share of the side's work against its share of the world's. Each word links to the topic it comes from most.

How has their output grown?

Ethiopia has out-published Papua New Guinea every year since 1988, when it overtook it.

still counting5k10k15kEthiopia12k in 2025Papua New Guinea259 in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year.

Their share of all research

Growing output can still be a shrinking share, because all of science grows. Each line is a side as a percentage of every work published that year.

still counting0.10%0.20%0.30%Ethiopia0.20% in 2025Papua New Guinea0.0044% in 202519801990200020102020

Fractional works over all fractional works that year. How the balance of science has shifted.

How much of it reaches the world top 10%

The share of each side's works, year by year, that reached the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. The average of all institutions is 10.0% (why not 10%).

still counting5%10%15%Ethiopia13.8% in 2025Papua New Guinea6.9% in 2025200020102020

A year with under 1% of the side's peak output is left out: a rate over a handful of papers says nothing. The latest years are still being cited.

Who holds more of the world's best institutions?

A country's average quality and the number of institutions it holds at the very top can disagree, and both are worth knowing. The counts are nested: an institution in the top 50 is also in the top 100.

Ethiopia 05 level0 Papua New Guinea
  1. 0In the world top 500
  2. 0In the top 1000
  3. 0In the top 5000
  4. 0In the top 1,0000
  5. #51Elite capacityrank among 204 countries#51

Institutions ranked on research quality, 2022-now. Elite capacity counts a country's institutions by their worldwide rank, weighted so a place at #1 counts for more than one at #480.

Which publishes more research, Ethiopia or Papua New Guinea?

Ethiopia publishes 56.9× as much research as Papua New Guinea in 2022-now (43k against 764 fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Ethiopia or Papua New Guinea?

13.1% of Ethiopia's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 7.2% for Papua New Guinea.

Is Ethiopia or Papua New Guinea growing faster?

Output in 2022-25 was +48% against 2018-21 for Papua New Guinea, and +36% for Ethiopia.

Which has more open access research, Ethiopia or Papua New Guinea?

80% of Ethiopia's research is free to read, against 35% of Papua New Guinea's.

Which has more world-class institutions, Ethiopia or Papua New Guinea?

Ethiopia holds 0 of the world's top 100 research institutions and Papua New Guinea 0; in the top 1,000 it is 0 against 0.

Which institutions lead in each country?

The highest-ranked institutions on each side on research quality, 2022-now. The percentage is each institution's own top-10% rate: the share of its works that are among the world's 10% most cited for their field and year. Every figure stands alone, so they do not add up to 100%.

Ethiopia

  1. 1New Generation University College9.8% top 10% · 1k works
  2. 2Jimma University13.7% top 10% · 2.5k works
  3. 3University of Gondar17.8% top 10% · 3k works
  4. 4Bahir Dar University14.1% top 10% · 3k works
  5. 5Arba Minch University13.6% top 10% · 1.4k works
  6. 6Ministry of Education15.3% top 10% · 512 works

The number is the rank inside the country. The track on each row is the top-10% rate; the tick is the average of all institutions, 10.0% (how it is set): teal above it, red below. The ranking is the quality score, which compares the rate with what each institution's own topics predict and adds a small reward for size, so the rates do not fall in order.

Who are the top researchers on each side?

The most cited researchers on each side, among those ranked.

Ethiopia

  1. 1 Hadush Negash Meles #16,043 worldwide 11k citations · 69 works
  2. 2 Addisu Dagnaw Melese #17,267 worldwide 59k citations · 72 works
  3. 3 Sofonias Kifle Tessema #19,123 worldwide 3.7k citations · 120 works
  4. 4 Semaw Ferede Abera #19,266 worldwide 118k citations · 94 works
  5. 5 Gebre Teklemariam Demoz #20,104 worldwide 74k citations · 71 works

Papua New Guinea

  1. 1 Leanne J. Robinson #111,710 worldwide 7.4k citations · 206 works
  2. 2 Livingstone Tavul #186,317 worldwide 3k citations · 52 works
  3. 3 Enmoore Lin #330,527 worldwide 4.6k citations · 77 works
  4. 4 Peter Siba #342,115 worldwide 8.8k citations · 200 works
  5. 5 Michael P. Alpers #352,550 worldwide 16k citations · 278 works