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Italy vs Spain

On research quality in 2022–now, Italy ranks #6 in the world and Spain #10, of 192 countries. Italy stands higher in 23 of the 26 fields both publish in, Spain in 3.

Italy

World rank, 2022–now
#6
#8 all time
Works, 2022–now
479k
fractional
Top-10% rate
21.9%
share of its work among the world’s most cited
Open access
43%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Industrial relations, General Arts and Humanities, Space and Planetary Science.

Spain

World rank, 2022–now
#10
#13 all time
Works, 2022–now
435k
fractional
Top-10% rate
18.1%
share of its work among the world’s most cited
Open access
52%
of its works free to read

Strongest relative focus: Life-span and Life-course Studies, General Social Sciences, General Arts and Humanities.

Who leads in each field?

Italy stands higher in 23 of 26 fields, Spain in 3. Each bar is that side’s standing among all countries ranked in the field: the full bar is first place.

Italy 233 Spain
  1. #9Agricultural and Biological Sciences#12
  2. #6Arts and Humanities#8
  3. #7Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology#10
  4. #3Business, Management and Accounting#6
  5. #10Chemical Engineering#12
  6. #14Chemistry#7
  7. #10Computer Science#15
  8. #9Decision Sciences#12
  9. #6Dentistry#12
  10. #7Earth and Planetary Sciences#11
  11. #5Economics, Econometrics and Finance#12
  12. #12Energy#19
  13. #8Engineering#18
  14. #7Environmental Science#10
  15. #5Health Professions#10
  16. #6Immunology and Microbiology#10
  17. #17Materials Science#20
  18. #7Mathematics#12
  19. #4Medicine#10
  20. #5Neuroscience#11
  21. #11Nursing#9
  22. #6Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics#13
  23. #7Physics and Astronomy#9
  24. #7Psychology#8
  25. #11Social Sciences#7
  26. #3Veterinary#11

Standing is the percentile of world rank within each field, 2022–now; the printed number is the rank itself. A dash means the field is too small there to rank. How sides are compared.

How has their output grown?

50k100k150kItaly124k in 2025Spain111k in 20251990200020102020

Fractional works per year. The latest, partial year is left off.

Which publishes more research, Italy or Spain?

Italy publishes 1.1× as much research as Spain in 2022–now (479k against 435k fractional works).

Whose research has more impact, Italy or Spain?

21.9% of Italy's research reaches the world's top 10% most cited, against 18.1% for Spain.

Where does their research happen?

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